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Tarsiger
''Tarsiger'' is a genus of eight species of birds in the family Muscicapidae. They are small, mostly brightly coloured insectivorous birds native to Asia and (one species) northeastern Europe; four of the six species are confined to the Sino-Himalayan mountain system. The genus has sometimes been included within the related genus ''Luscinia'', but the species have been found to form a distinct monophyletic group. Taxonomy The genus ''Tarsiger'' was introduced in 1845 by the English naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson with the golden bush robin as the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''tarsos'', "flat of the foot" and Latin ''gerere'', "to carry". The genus contains the following eight species: * White-browed bush robin (''Tarsiger indicus'') * Taiwan bush robin (''Tarsiger formosanus'') (split from ''T. indicus'') * Golden bush robin (''Tarsiger chrysaeus'') * Collared bush robin (''Tarsiger johnstoniae'') * Rufous-breasted bush robin (''Tarsiger hyperythrus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-flanked Bluetail
The red-flanked bluetail (''Tarsiger cyanurus''), also known as the orange-flanked bush-robin, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and related species, are often called chats. Habitat It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in mixed coniferous forests with undergrowth in northern Asia and northeastern Europe, from Finland east across Siberia to Kamchatka and south to Japan. It winters mainly in southeastern Asia, in the Indian Subcontinent, the Himalayas, Taiwan, and northern Indochina. The breeding range is slowly expanding westwards through Finland (where up to 500 pairs now breed), and it is a rare but increasing vagrant to Western Europe, mainly to Great Britain. There have also been a few records in North America, mostly in western Alaska as well as one on San Clemente Island off the southern California coast and one overwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himalayan Bluetail
The Himalayan bluetail (''Tarsiger rufilatus''), also called the Himalayan red-flanked bush-robin or orange-flanked bush-robin, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher of Muscicapidae. While currently under review, this taxon is not current recognized as a species by BirdLife international. It is closely related to the red-flanked bluetail and was generally treated as a subspecies of it in the past, but as well as differing in its migratory behaviour (the red-flanked bluetail is a long-distance migrant), it also differs in the more intense blue colour of the adult males and the greyer colour of the females and juveniles. Description and distribution The Himalayan bluetail is a short-distance altitudinal migrant species, breeding in the Himalaya in bush layer (dwarf rhododendron in wetter areas, deciduous bushes in drier) of conifer and mixed conifer-oak for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-browed Bush Robin
The white-browed bush robin (''Tarsiger indicus'') is a species of passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is found from the Himalayas to south-central China and north Vietnam. Its natural habitat is Rhododendron and conifer forests. The Taiwan bush robin was formerly regarded as a subspecies. Taxonomy The white-browed bush robin was formally described in 1817 by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot under the binomial name ''Sylvia indica''. Vieillot based his account on "Le rossignol de muraille des Indes" that had been described by Pierre Sonnerat in his "Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine". The type locality was restricted to Darjeeling by E. C. Stuart Baker in 1921. The white-browed bush is now one of eight bush robins placed in the genus ''Tarsiger'' that was introduced by Brian Hodgson in 1845. Two subspecies are recognised: * ''T. i. indicus'' (Vieillot, 1817) – central, east Himalayas * ''T. i. yunnanensis'' Rothschild, 1922 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qilian Bluetail
The Qilian bluetail (''Tarsiger albocoeruleus'') is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is found in north-central China. It formerly considered as conspecific with the red-flanked bluetail (''Tarsiger cyanurus''). Taxonomy The Qilian bluetail was formally described in 1937 by the German ornithologist Wilhelm Meise as a subspecies of ''Tarsiger cyanurus'', the red-flanked bluetail. The epithet ''albocoeruleus'' combines the Latin ''albus'' meaning "white" with ''caeruleus'' meaning "blue". It was previously usually considered a synonym of ''T. cyanurus'', until accepted by Hadoram Shirihai and Lars Svensson in 2018, and it was proposed to be a full species in a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2022. It has now been recognised by the IOC World Bird List, and the ebird/Clements Checklist. It is distinctive in genetics and vocalisation, but only marginally different in morphology. The males have bluer fore-supercilium, and less white ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan Bush Robin
The Taiwan bush robin (''Tarsiger formosanus'') is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is endemic to Taiwan. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the white-browed bush robin (''Tarsiger indicus''). Taxonomy The Taiwan bush robin was formally described in 1910 by the German ornithologist Ernst Hartert based on specimens collected on behalf of Alan Owston on the mountains of central Taiwan. Hartert considered the specimens to represent a subspecies of the white-browed bush robin (''Tarsiger indicus'') and coined the trinomial name ''Tarsiger indicus formosanus''. Formosa is an alternative name for Taiwan. The Taiwan bush robin is now considered as a separate species based on a phylogenetic analysis published in 2022 as well as differences in plumage and vocalizations. The species is monotypic: no other subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Bush Robin
The golden bush robin (''Tarsiger chrysaeus'') or golden bush-robin was first discovered in 1845 by Brian Houghton Hodgson, a British naturalist. Description This species is typically a 14–15 cm long species of songbird in the family Muscicapidae known for its golden color. The weight of a full-grown bird ranges from 12 to 15 grams. The male golden bush robins mainly have a brownish olive tone on their backs with a bright yellow-orange tone on their underside. As for female golden bush robins, they consist of the same color patterns although they are duller and not as vibrant as their male counterparts. Color patterns for a male juvenile are dark brown with buff streaks above and below the tail, while the pattern diffuses in females. Diet Golden bush robins are insectivorous and focus their hunts on insects closer to the ground. Habitat Their habitat is dispersed around the Himalayan mountain range and surrounding highlands of Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collared Bush Robin
The collared bush-robin or Johnstone's robin (''Tarsiger johnstoniae'') is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to Taiwan, living in montane and subalpine forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species. Taxonomy This species was described as ''Ianthia johnstoniae'' by William Robert Ogilvie-Grant in 1906: the specimens were collected by Walter Goodfellow on Yushan (Mount Morrison). It has also been included in the genus '' Luscinia''. The species' eponym is named after Marion A. Johnstone, a well-known aviculturist to whom Goodfellow previously sent a specimen of a lorikeet. Description The collared bush-robin is about long. The male and female are different. The male has a slate-black head with a white supercilium. The rufous upper breast, mantle and scapulars form a collar. The back is sooty-black, the wings are black and brownish-black, and the tail is black. The lower breast is buffish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscicapidae
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica'') and northern wheatear (''Oenanthe oenanthe''), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The family is relatively large and includes 357 species, which are divided into 57 genera. Taxonomy The name Muscicapa for the family was introduced by the Scottish naturalist John Fleming in 1822. The word had earlier been used for the genus '' Muscicapa'' by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. Muscicapa comes from the Latin '' musca'' meaning a fly, and '' capere'' to catch. In 1910, the German ornithologist Ernst Hartert found it impossible to define boundaries between the three families Muscicapidae, Sylviidae (Old World warblers) and Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insectivore
file:Common brown robberfly with prey.jpg, A Asilidae, robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivore, carnivorous animal or plant which eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the Entomophagy in humans, human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores were amphibians. When they evolved 400 million years ago, the first amphibians were piscivores, with numerous sharp conical teeth, much like a modern crocodile. The same tooth arrangement is however also suited for eating animals with exoskeletons, thus the ability to eat insects can stem from piscivory. At one time, insectivorous mammals were scientific classification, scientifically classified in an order (biology), order called Insectivora. This order is now abandoned, as not all insectivorous mammals are closely related. Most of the Insectivora taxa have been reclassified; those that have not yet been reclassified and found to be truly related to each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
