|
Southern Eastern Sudanic Languages
The Southern Eastern Sudanic, Eastern ''n'' Sudanic, En Sudanic or Kir-Abbaian languages form one of two primary divisions of the Eastern Sudanic languages in the classification of Bender (2000). It is rejected as an established group in Starostin (2015). The Southern Eastern Sudanic languages are characterized by having an /n/ in the pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages, which have a /k/. The best known Southern Eastern Sudanic language group, as well as the largest, is Nilotic, which includes such languages as Maasai Maasai may refer to: *Maasai people *Maasai language *Maasai mythology * MAASAI (band) See also * Masai (other) Masai may refer to: *Masai, Johor, a town in Malaysia * Masai Plateau, a plateau in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India *Maasai peopl .... Southern Eastern Sudanic roots Bender (1996) offers fifteen possible ''En'' Sudanic innovations. References * Eastern Sudanic languages Southern Eastern Sudanic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central African Republic to Central African Republic–Chad border, the south, Cameroon to Cameroon–Chad border, the southwest, Nigeria to Chad–Nigeria border, the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to Chad–Niger border, the west. Chad has a population of 19 million, of which 1.6 million live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around , Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the List of countries and dependencies by area, twentieth largest nation by area. Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel, and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Eastern Sudanic Languages
The Northern Eastern Sudanic, Eastern ''k'' Sudanic, ''Ek'' Sudanic, NNT or Astaboran languages may form a primary division of the proposed Eastern Sudanic family. They are characterised by having a / k/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the Southern Eastern Sudanic languages, which have an / n/. Nyima has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of ''Ek'' Sudanic rather than ''Ek'' Sudanic proper. The most well-known language of this group is Nubian. According to Claude Rilly, the ancient Meroitic language appears on limited evidence to be closely related to the languages of this group. A reconstruction of Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic has also been proposed by Rilly (2010). Internal classification Rilly (2009:2) provides the following internal structure for the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages. *Northern East Sudanic ** Nyima: Nyimang, Afitti ** Taman: Tama, Mararit **Nara-Nubian ***Nar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logorik Language
Logorik, Subori, or Saburi is a (critically) endangeredEberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fenning, Charles D. (2020). ''Ethnoloɠue: Languages in Africa and Europe'' (23rd ed.). Dallas: SIL International Publications. p.279. . language spoken in Eastern Sudan and Western Chad.Thelwall, Robin. 1978. Lexicostatistical Relations between Nubian, Daju and Dinka. In Études nubiennes: Colloque de Chantilly, 2-6 juillet 1975, 265-286. Le Caire: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire. General information It is a part of the Nilo-Saharan group and the subcategory of the Eastern Daju languages. It is spoken by the Subori people in the Nuba Mountains and South Kordofan. Meinhof claims, that there are hardly any similarities between this language and other Kordofan languages vocabulary-wise. At the same time, the Logorik-speaking community is overwhelmingly bilingual; other dominating languages being, among others, Arabic, (due to the Arabic migration in the region). Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temein Language
Temein, also known as ''Ron(g)e'', is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Temein people of the Nuba Hills in Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi .... ''Ronge'' is an approximation of the endonym. Stevenson reports the people are and the language ; Dimmendaal has for a person, for the people, and for the language. Temein is spoken in Farik, Kuris, Kwiye, Nekring, Tokoing, Tukur, and Tulu villages (''Ethnologue'', 22nd edition). Phonology Consonants * /p/ may have allophones of �, fwhen in word-initial position. * /s/ may have an allophone of �in word-medial intervocalic positions. * The sequence /nt/ can have an allophone of �in intervocalic positions. Vowels References Temein language(Roger Blench 2007) External links Temein basic le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinka-Nuer
The Western Nilotic languages are one of the three primary branches of the Nilotic languages, along with the Eastern Nilotic languages and Southern Nilotic languages; Themselves belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subfamily of Nilo-Saharan. The about 22 ( SIL estimate) Western Nilotic languages are spoken in an area ranging from southwestern Ethiopia and South Sudan via northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northern Uganda to southwestern Kenya (with one of the Luo languages extending into northern Tanzania). Families The Western Nilotic languages are Nilotic languages, which themselves are part of the Kir–Abbaian and Eastern Sudan subfamilies of the much larger Nilo-Saharan language family. Subdivisions Western Nilotic is divided into three main clusters: Dinka–Nuer, Luo and Burun. The Luo Languages are languages spoken by the Luo peoples. They include but are not fully limited to, Shilluk, Luwo, Thuri, Belanda Bor, Burun, Päri, Anuak, and Souther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaam Language
Gaam (Gaahmg), also known as Ingessana, ''(Me/Mun) Tabi'', ''Kamanidi'', or ''Mamedja/Mamidza'', is an Eastern Sudanic language spoken by the Ingessana people in the Tabi Hills in Blue Nile State in eastern Sudan, near Ethiopia. It was considered an isolate within Eastern Sudanic until the other Eastern Jebel languages were discovered in the late 20th century. Dialects are ''Soda (Tao), Kukur (Gor), Kulang (Kulelek, Bau), Buwahg (Buek).'' An early record of this language is a short wordlist dated February 1883 by Juan Maria Schuver. His informant came from the east side of the Tabi Hills, but was hard to understand because he was chewing tobacco. Phonology Consonants There are 21 distinct consonant phonemes. The fricative, nasal, lateral and rhotic consonants also distinguish length. Vowels There are six distinct vowel phonemes. All six can also occur in sequential (and thus lengthened) form but may change phonetic quality. Stirtz (2012) proposes the following system: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murle Language
Murle (also Ajibba, Beir, Merule, Mourle, Murule) is a Surmic Language spoken by the Murle people in the southeast of South Sudan, near the Ethiopian border. A very small number of Murle live across the border in southwestern Ethiopia. The basic word order for Murle clauses is VSO ( verb–subject–object). The morphology of the verb agrees with the person and number of the subject, and can also indicate that of the object. Some typologically exceptional points of grammar are discussed by Arensen, et al., such as that VSO languages have been predicted to not have postpositions or final interrogatives. Marking of number on nouns in Murle is complex, with no single suffix being generally productive. Some nouns are marked with a singulative suffix, some with a plural suffix, some with both, and a few with irregular stems for each number. Arensen has proposed a set of semantically based categories (such as association with men, or with weather and seasons) to try to predict which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majang
The Majang people, or ''Majangir'', live in southwestern Ethiopia and speak a Nilo-Saharan language of the Surmic cluster. The 1998 census gave the total of the Majangir population as 15,341, but since they live scattered in the hills in dispersed settlements (Stauder 1971), their actual total number is undoubtedly much higher. They live around cities of Tepi, Mett'i, and scattered southwest of Mizan Teferi and towards Gambela. Culture They traditionally lived in small groups, farming for three to five years, then moving on as the fertility of the soil diminished (Stauder 1971). They were active bee keepers, collecting honey from hives consisting of hollowed logs placed in trees. They did some hunting and snaring of game and trapping of fish. They raised the bulk of their own food by farming, animals providing only a small part of their diet. Food production has changed since Stauder's time. The single most obvious change is that people are now living in permanent settlement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jebel Languages
In most classifications, the Eastern Sudanic languages are a group of nine families of languages that may constitute a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Eastern Sudanic languages are spoken from southern Egypt to northern Tanzania. Nubian (and possibly Meroitic) gives Eastern Sudanic some of the earliest written attestations of African languages. However, the largest branch by far is Nilotic, spread by extensive and comparatively recent conquests throughout East Africa. Before the spread of Nilotic, Eastern Sudanic was centered in present-day Sudan. The name "East Sudanic" refers to the eastern part of the region of Sudan where the country of Sudan is located, and contrasts with Central Sudanic and Western Sudanic (modern Mande, in the Niger–Congo family). Lionel Bender (1980) proposes several Eastern Sudanic isoglosses (defining words), such as ''*kutuk'' "mouth", ''*(ko)TVS-(Vg)'' "three", and ''*ku-lug-ut'' or ''*kVl(t)'' "fish". In older classifications, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surmic
The Surmic languages are a branch of the Eastern Sudanic language family. Today, the various peoples who speak Surmic languages make their living in a variety of ways, including nomadic herders, settled farmers, and slash and burn farmers. They live in a variety of terrain, from the lowlands of South Sudan and the banks of the Omo River to mountains over 2,300 meters. Languages According to the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, the Surmic languages are classified as follows: * Surmic ** Majang ** South Surmic *** Southeast Surmic **** Kwegu **** Pastoral Surmic ***** Me'en ***** Tirma–Chai–Mursi ****** Mursi ****** Tirma–Chai *** Southwest Surmic **** Baale–Olam ***** Kacipo–Balesi ***** Ngaalam **** Didinga–Murle ***** Didinga–Longarim ****** Didinga ****** Narim ***** Murle ***** Tennet The Surmic languages are found in southwest Ethiopia and adjoining parts of southeast South Sudan. In the past, Surmic had been known as “Didinga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maa Language
Maasai (previously spelled ''Masai'') or Maa ( ; autonym: ''ɔl Maa'') is an Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Maasai people, numbering about 1.5 million. It is closely related to the other Maa varieties: Samburu (or Sampur), the language of the Samburu people of central Kenya, Chamus, spoken south and southeast of Lake Baringo (sometimes regarded as a dialect of Samburu); and Parakuyu of Tanzania. The Maasai, Samburu, il-Chamus and Parakuyu peoples are historically related and all refer to their language as . Properly speaking, "Maa" refers to the language and the culture and "Maasai" refers to the people "who speak Maa". Phonology The Maasai variety of as spoken in southern Kenya and Tanzania has 30 contrasting phonemes, including a series of implosive consonants. In Maasai, tone has a very productive role, conveying a wide range of grammatical and semantic functions. Consonants In the table of consonant phonemes below, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lionel Bender
Marvin Lionel Bender (August 18, 1934 – February 19, 2008) was an American linguist. Life Bender was born August 18, 1934, in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. He travelled throughout the world, particularly in Northeast Africa, and was an accomplished chess player. Dr. Bender died of complications from a stroke and brain hemorrhage on February 19, 2008, in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Career Bender wrote and co-wrote several books, publications and essays on the languages of Africa, particularly those spoken in Ethiopia and Sudan, and was a major contributor to Ethiopian Studies. He did extensive work on the Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Saharan languages spoken locally. Together with J. Donald Bowen, Robert L. Cooper, and Charles A. Ferguson, Bender carried out the Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in East Africa, funded by the Ford Foundation in 1968-1970. He later conducted other research sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Among other works, his books include ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
