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Sibling
A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister. A person with no siblings is an only child. While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as foster care or adoption), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong emotional bonds, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and personal experiences outside the family. Medically, a full-sibling is a first-degree relative and a half-sibling is a second-degree relative as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively. Definitions The word ''sibling'' was reintroduced in 1903 in an article in '' Biometrika'', as a translation for the German ''Geschwister'', having not been used since Middle English, specifically 142 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birth Order
Birth order refers to the order a child is born in their family; firstborn, first-born and second-born are examples. Birth order is often believed to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development. This assertion has been repeatedly challenged. Recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence, but has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality. Nevertheless, the notion that birth-order significantly influences personality continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture. Theory Alfred Adler (1870–1937), an Austrian psychiatrist, and a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, was one of the first theorists to suggest that birth order influences Personality psychology, personality. He argued that birth order can leave an indelible impression on an individual's style of life, which is one's habitual way of dealing with the tasks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Only Child
An only child is a person with no siblings, by birth or adoption. Overview Throughout history, only-children were relatively uncommon. From around the middle of the 20th century, birth rates and average family sizes fell sharply for a number of reasons, including perceived concerns about human overpopulation and more women having their first child later in life due to birth control and women in the workforce. The proportion of families in the United States with only-children increased during the Great Depression but fell during the Post–World War II baby boom. After the Korean War ended in 1953, the South Korean government suggested citizens each have one or two children to boost economic prosperity, which resulted in significantly reduced birth rates and a larger number of only-children in the country. From 1980 to 2015, the one-child policy in the People's Republic of China restricted most parents to having only one child, although it was subject to local relaxations and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sperm Donation
Sperm donation is the provision by a man of his sperm with the intention that it be used in the artificial insemination or other "fertility treatment" of one or more women who are not his sexual partners in order that they may become pregnant by him. Where pregnancies go to full term, the sperm donor will be the biological father of every baby born from his donations. The man is known as a sperm donor and the sperm he provides is known as "donor sperm" because the intention is that the man will give up all legal rights to any child produced from his sperm, and will not be the legal father. Sperm donation may also be known as "semen donation". Sperm donation should be distinguished from "shared parenthood" where the male who provides the sperm used to conceive a baby agrees to participate in the child's upbringing. Where a sperm donor provides his sperm in order for it to be used to father a child for a woman with whom he has little or no further contact, it is a form of third part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brother
A brother (: brothers or brethren) is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a family, familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships. A full brother is a first degree relative. Overview The term ''brother'' comes from the Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr, which becomes Latin language, Latin ''frater'', of the same meaning. Sibling warmth or affection between male siblings has been correlated to some more negative effects. In pairs of brothers, higher sibling warmth is related to more risk taking behaviour, although risk taking behaviour is not related to sibling warmth in any other type of sibling pair. The cause of this phenomenon in which sibling warmth is only correlated with risk taking behaviours in brother pairs still is unclear. This finding does, however, suggest that although sibli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of Twin Last Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or ''dizygotic'' ('non-identical' or 'fraternal'), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. Since identical twins develop from one zygote, they will share the same sex, while fraternal twins may or may not. In very rare cases, fraternal or (semi-) identical twins can have the same mother and different fathers ( heteropaternal superfecundation). In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb (the much more common case in humans) is called a ''singleton'', and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is a ''multiple''. Unrelated look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to as doppelgänger. Statistics The human twin birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibling
A dibling, a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, is one of two or more individuals who are biologically connected through donated eggs or sperm. This term is also commonly used in children biologically related through embryo donation. In this instance, the children are full not half biological siblings. The term is not favored among some recipient parents, who prefer the use of half-sibling A sibling is a relative that shares at least one parent with the other person. A male sibling is a brother, and a female sibling is a sister. A person with no siblings is an only child. While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised .... People born from anonymous or ID release sperm or egg donation are able to find half-siblings conceived using the same gamete donor online through the Donor Sibling Registry or by using commercially available DNA test kits. DNA testing is more accurate because it relies on comparison of single-nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barzan Ibrahim Al-Tikriti
Barzan Ibrahim Hassan al-Tikriti (; 17 February 1951 – 15 January 2007), also known as Barzan Hassan, was an Iraqi politician, diplomat and intelligence officer. He was one of three Sibling#half, half-brothers of Saddam Hussein and served as the leader of the Iraqi Intelligence Service, Mukhabarat, the Iraqi intelligence service. As the head of the Mukhabarat, he was responsible for ordering the killings of dissidents. Despite falling out of favour with Saddam at one time, he was believed to have been a close presidential adviser at the time of his capture by United States, U.S. forces in 2003. On 15 January 2007, Barzan was Hanging, hanged for crimes against humanity. He was Decapitation, decapitated by the Hangman's knot, hangman's rope after errors were made calculating his body weight and length of drop from the Gallows, platform. Early and personal life Barzan İbrahim al-Tikriti was born in 1951 (or 1950) in Tikrit. His full name was Barazan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, Barasan I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister
A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships. A full sister is a first-degree relative. Overview The English word ''sister'' comes from Old Norse which itself derives from Proto-Germanic ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, brothers. In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers. In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating kinship. In response, in order to avoid equivocation, som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg Donation
Egg donation (also referred to as "oocyte donation") is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted reproduction treatment or for biomedical research. For assisted reproduction purposes, egg donation typically involves in vitro fertilization technology, with the eggs being fertilized in the laboratory; more rarely, unfertilized eggs may be frozen and stored for later use. Egg donation is a third-party reproduction as part of assisted reproductive technology. In the United States, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine has issued guidelines for these procedures, and the Food and Drug Administration has a number of guidelines as well. There are boards in countries outside of the US which have the same regulations. However, egg donation agencies in the U.S. can choose whether to abide by the society's regulations or not. History The first child born from egg donation was reported in Australia in 1983. In July 1983, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepsibling
Step-siblings are children born of two different families who have been joined by marriage. A male step-sibling is a stepbrother and a female is a stepsister. The step-siblings relationship is connected through law and is not a blood relation. Step-siblings are sometimes abbreviated informally as stepsibs. Culture In many fairy tales, the central character has a stepmother and the step-siblings serve as an extension of their mother. Cinderella and Mother Hulda features wicked stepsisters who take after their parents. The story '' Kate Crackernuts'' serves as a counterexample where the daughter of the evil stepparent is a loving stepsister. Many romance novel A romance or romantic novel is a genre fiction novel that primarily focuses on the relationship and Romance (love), romantic love between two people, typically with an emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending. Authors who have contributed ...s feature heroes who are the stepbrother of the heroine. The step-re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepfamily
A stepfamily (sometimes called a bonus family) is a family where at least one parent has children who are not biologically related to their spouse. Either parent, or both, may have children from previous relationships or marriages. Two known classifications for stepfamilies include "simple" stepfamilies, where only one member of the family's couple has a prior child or children and the couple does not have any children together, and "complex" or "blended" families, where both members of the couple have at least one child from another relationship. Etymology The earliest recorded use of the prefix ''step-'', in the form , is from an 8th-century glossary of Latin-Old English words meaning . is given for the Latin word and for . Similar words recorded later in Old English include , , and . The words are used to denote a connection resulting from the remarriage of a widowed parent and are related to the word meaning 'bereaved', with and occasionally used simply as synonyms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consanguinity
Consanguinity (from Latin '':wikt: consanguinitas, consanguinitas'' 'blood relationship') is the characteristic of having a kinship with a relative who is descended from a common ancestor. Many jurisdictions have laws prohibiting people who are closely related by blood from Consanguine marriage, marrying or having sexual relations with each other. The degree of relationship, degree of consanguinity that gives rise to this prohibition varies from place to place. On the other hand, around 20% of the global population lives in areas where some consanguinous marriages are preferred. The degree of relationships are also used to determine heirs of an estate according to statutes that govern intestacy, intestate succession, which also vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In some communities and time periods, cousin marriage is allowed or even encouraged; in others, it is taboo, and considered to be incest. The degree of relative consanguinity can be illustrated with a ''consanguinity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
