|
Shishman Dynasty
The House of Shishman (), also referred to as the Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi (), was a medieval Bulgarian dynasty of Turkic Cuman origin. The House of Shishman ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire from the proclamation of Michael Asen III as emperor in 1323 to the deposition of his son Ivan Stephen in 1331 whereafter rule fell to the House of Sratsimir, who were matrilineal descendants of the Shishmanids. The Shishmanids were matrilineally descended from the earlier Asen dynasty and may also have been related to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty. Family tree * Shishman of Vidin, Despot of Vidin ** Michael Asen III, Bulgarian emperor (1323–1330; also known as ''Michael Shishman'') *** Ivan Stephen, Bulgarian emperor (1330–1331) *** Shishman, exile in the Byzantine Empire *** Louis, exile in Naples *** Michael, Despot ** Belaur, Despot of Vidin ** Keratsa Petritsa, Empress of Bulgaria, married Sratsimir Sratsimir (; 1324–31) was a Bulgarian magnate with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Emperor Of Bulgaria (by Conrad Grünenberg)
A coat is typically an outer garment for the upper body, worn by any gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front, and closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners (AKA velcro), toggles, a belt, or a combination of some of these. Other possible features include collars, shoulder straps, and hoods. Etymology ''Coat'' is one of the earliest clothing category words in English, attested as far back as the early Middle Ages. (''See also'' Clothing terminology.) The Oxford English Dictionary traces ''coat'' in its modern meaning to , when it was written ''cote'' or ''cotte''. The word coat stems from Old French and then -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ... and then Latin ''cottus.'' It originates from the Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European word for woolen clothes. An early use of ''coat'' in English is Mail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Shishman Of Bulgaria
Michael Asen III (), commonly known as Michael Shishman (), ruled as tsar of Bulgaria from 1323 to 1330. The exact year of his birth is unknown but it was between 1280 and 1292. He was the founder of the last ruling dynasty of the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Shishman dynasty. After he was crowned, however, Michael used the name Asen to emphasize his connection with the Asen dynasty, the first one to rule over the Second Empire. An energetic and ambitious ruler, Michael Shishman led an aggressive but opportunistic and inconsistent foreign policy against the Byzantine Empire and the Serbia in the Middle Ages, Kingdom of Serbia, which ended in the disastrous Battle of Velbazhd that claimed his own life. He was the last medieval Bulgarian ruler who aimed at military and political hegemony of the Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian Empire over the Balkans and the last one who attempted to seize Constantinople. He was succeeded by his son Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria, Ivan Stephen and later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shishman Dynasty
The House of Shishman (), also referred to as the Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi (), was a medieval Bulgarian dynasty of Turkic Cuman origin. The House of Shishman ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire from the proclamation of Michael Asen III as emperor in 1323 to the deposition of his son Ivan Stephen in 1331 whereafter rule fell to the House of Sratsimir, who were matrilineal descendants of the Shishmanids. The Shishmanids were matrilineally descended from the earlier Asen dynasty and may also have been related to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty. Family tree * Shishman of Vidin, Despot of Vidin ** Michael Asen III, Bulgarian emperor (1323–1330; also known as ''Michael Shishman'') *** Ivan Stephen, Bulgarian emperor (1330–1331) *** Shishman, exile in the Byzantine Empire *** Louis, exile in Naples *** Michael, Despot ** Belaur, Despot of Vidin ** Keratsa Petritsa, Empress of Bulgaria, married Sratsimir Sratsimir (; 1324–31) was a Bulgarian magnate with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Alexander Of Bulgaria
Ivan Alexander (, transliterated ''Ivan Aleksandǎr'', ; original spelling: ІѠАНЪ АЛЄѮАНдРЪ), also sometimes anglicized as John Alexander, ruled as Emperor (''Tsar'') of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371,Lalkov, ''Rulers of Bulgaria'', pp. 42–43. during the Second Bulgarian Empire. The date of his birth is unknown. He died on 17 February 1371. The long reign of Ivan Alexander is considered a transitional period in Bulgarian medieval history. Ivan Alexander began his rule by dealing with internal problems and external threats from Bulgaria's neighbours, the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, as well as leading his empire into a period of economic recovery and cultural and religious renaissance.''Bǎlgarite i Bǎlgarija'', 2.1 However, the emperor was later unable to cope with the mounting incursions of Ottoman forces, Hungarian invasions from the northwest and the Black Death. In an ill-fated attempt to combat these problems, he divided the country between his two sons,Delev, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sratsimir
Sratsimir (; 1324–31) was a Bulgarian magnate with the title of despot (title), Despot, holding the territory of Kran, Stara Zagora Province, Kran. It is unclear when he received the governorship of Kran; he held it before and during the reign of his son, Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, Ivan Alexander (r. 1331–71). He married Keratsa Petritsa, a member of the House of Shishman, Shishman dynasty, with whom he had five children. He was the eponymous founder of the Sratsimir dynasty. Issue *Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, Ivan Alexander, Despot of Lovech, who ascended on the throne as emperor of Bulgaria after a coup d'état in 1331. *Helena of Bulgaria, Helena, married Serbian King Stefan Dušan in 1332. *John Komnenos Asen, who was made Despot of Lordship of Valona, Valona by his brother-in-law Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia, Stefan Dušan of Serbia. *Michael, Despot of Vidin *Theodora References Sources * *{{cite book, author=T︠S︡onko Enev, title=Vladetelskite namestnit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keratsa Petritsa
Keratsa Petritsa (, transliteration ''Keraca Petrica''; 1300–1337) was a Bulgarian noblewoman (''bolyarka''), wife of the sebastokrator Sratsimir and mother of the Bulgarian emperor Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, Ivan Alexander and of the Serbian empress consort Helena of Bulgaria, Helena. The designation "Keratsa Petritsa" is common in historiography but not attested as such in any contemporary source. For the problems around her names, see note below. Keratsa Petritsa descended in the female line from the Bulgarian emperor Ivan Asen II. She was the sister of Michael Shishman of Bulgaria, Michael Asen III (called Michael Shishman) and Belaur, children of the despot (court title), despotes Shishman of Vidin, Shishman of Vidin by an unnamed daughter of sebastokrator Peter and his wife, herself a daughter of Ivan Asen II, variously identified as either Anna-Theodora Asenina of Bulgaria, Anna/Theodora or Maria Asenina of Bulgaria, Maria. She was also a distant cousin of the Bulgarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belaur
Belaur () (died 1336) was a Bulgarian noble and '' despot'' of Vidin and brother of the Bulgarian Emperor Michael Shishman (1323–1330). The son of Shishman of Vidin, he was among the most elaborate Balkan diplomats of his time. Plamen Pavlov interprets Belaur's name as stemming from the Hungarian personal name ''Béla'' and the title ''ur'' ("prince"). It may also come from Balaur, a mythical dragon in Vlach/ Romanian culture, the dragon was supposedly also revered in Cuman culture, cf. Kipchak "uran, ewren". Vlach-Cuman cultural interactions are known through the Cuman origin of the Basarab dynasty and the Vlach identification of the Asenid dynasty, named after the founder of the dynasty, Bilgun Asen, who carries a Cuman name and title. He participated in the campaign of Michael Shishman against the Serbs in the unfortunate battle of Velbazhd. He was in command of the reserve together with the ''despot'' of Lovech Ivan Alexander and did not participate in the battle. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael, Bulgarian Despot
Michael (, ''Mihail'') was a son of Emperor (tsar) Michael Asen III "Shishman" of Bulgaria (1323–1330), and probably his first wife, Ana, daughter of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia by Elizabeth of Hungary. He is attested solely in a fresco in the Church of the Holy Mother of God at Donja Kamenica, now in Serbia, which attests that he held the title of despot at some point after his father's accession in 1323. The various possibilities for the precise identification and chronological placement of the despot Michael carry significant implications for both the political history and social practice of medieval Bulgaria. Evidence The frescoes in the church at Donja Kamenica depict what is apparently a married couple, with the despot on the right and his wife on the left. Both wear elaborate crowns and clothing, possibly more ornate than those of others of their rank. The badly damaged inscription next to the despot reads "Despot Michael, in Christ the God faithful son of Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lodovico Of Bulgaria
Lodovico (as attested in Italian sources; Latin ''Ludovicus''; , ''Ljudovik'') was a son of Emperor (tsar) Michael Shishman of Bulgaria, Michael Asen III "Šišman" of Bulgaria (1323–1330) and his first wife, Ana-Neda, Ana, daughter of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia by Elizabeth of Hungary, Queen of Serbia, Elizabeth of Hungary. He may have borne a different name before becoming a catechumen and converting to Catholic Christianity. Although he has been variously identified with any of his three known brothers, Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria, Ivan Stephen, Shishman (son of Michael Shishman), Šišman, and Michael, Bulgarian despot, Michael, but was probably a distinct person. Recent research has established he is definitely distinct from Ivan Stephen. Early life Lodovico's father Michael Asen III, already semi-autonomous ruler of Vidin, came to the Bulgarian throne in 1323. He quickly divorced Lodovico's mother Ana to marry the Byzantine princess Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shishman (son Of Michael Shishman)
Shishman (, ''Šišman'') was a son of Emperor (tsar) Michael Asen III "Shishman" of Bulgaria (1323–1330) and his first wife, Ana, daughter of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia by Elizabeth of Hungary. He was named after his grandfather Shishman of Vidin. The place and date of his birth are unknown. Early life Shishman's father Michael Asen III, already semi-autonomous ruler of Vidin, came to the Bulgarian throne in 1323. He quickly divorced Shishman's mother Ana to marry the Byzantine princess Theodora Palaiologina, the widow of the earlier Bulgarian emperor Theodore Svetoslav, in 1324. Ana and her sons were removed from court until Michael Asen III's death at the battle of Velbazhd in 1330. The victor, Ana's brother Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia, came to terms with the Bulgarian nobles, and made her eldest surviving son Ivan Stephen emperor of Bulgaria (1330–1331). Ana and Ivan Stephen, presumably alongside her other sons including Shishman, were installed at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Asen III Of Bulgaria
Michael Asen III (), commonly known as Michael Shishman (), ruled as tsar of Bulgaria from 1323 to 1330. The exact year of his birth is unknown but it was between 1280 and 1292. He was the founder of the last ruling dynasty of the Second Bulgarian Empire, the Shishman dynasty. After he was crowned, however, Michael used the name Asen to emphasize his connection with the Asen dynasty, the first one to rule over the Second Empire. An energetic and ambitious ruler, Michael Shishman led an aggressive but opportunistic and inconsistent foreign policy against the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, which ended in the disastrous Battle of Velbazhd that claimed his own life. He was the last medieval Bulgarian ruler who aimed at military and political hegemony of the Bulgarian Empire over the Balkans and the last one who attempted to seize Constantinople. He was succeeded by his son Ivan Stephen and later by his nephew Ivan Alexander, who reversed Michael Shishman's policy by f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terter Dynasty
The House of Terter (), also Terterids or Terterovtsi (Тертеровци), was a Bulgarian noble and royal house of Cuman origin,István Vásáry (2005) ''Cumans and Tatars'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2 a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba, that ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire between 1280 and 1292, as well as between 1300 and 1323. History Origin The Terterids were originally of Cuman origin (from the Cuman-Kipchak confederation), according to Plamen Pavlov they were a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba who had settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. The Terteroba had ruled the Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the late 11th century, as well as in the mid-13th century under Khan Köten. Monarchy The earliest representatives of the dynasty in Bulgaria were the '' despotēs'' Aldimir (Eltimir) and his older brother George Terter who was crowned emperor of Bulgaria a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
