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Secernentea
Secernentea was a class (biology), class of nematodes in the Classical Phylogeny System (Chitwood, 1958) and is no longer in use. This morphological-based classification system has been replaced by the Modern Phylogeny system, where taxonomy assignment is based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). Description Amphid apertures of Secernenteas are pore or slit-like. Some Secernenteas have deirids which are located near nerve ring. Secernenteas have posterior Phasmid (nematode anatomy), phasmids. The Excretory systems of nematodes, excretory system of a Secernentea is tubular. Cuticle, Cuticles of Secernenteas are striated in two to four layers. Lateral field is present. Secernenteas have three Esophageal gland, esophageal glands. Their esophageal structure varies. Male Secernenteas generally have one testis. Caudal Alae (nematode anatomy), alae are common in Secernenteas. Sensory papillae of Secernenteas are cephalic only. It might be caudal papillae in male Secern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excretory Systems Of Nematodes
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitism, parasitic. Parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of Soil-transmitted helminthiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiases. They are classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa. Unlike the flatworms, nematodes have a tubular digestion, digestive system, with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species are uncertain. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity suggested there are over 25,000. Es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplogasteria
Diplogasterida was an order of nematodes. It was sometimes placed in a monotypic subclass Diplogasteria, but molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown it to be embedded in the family Rhabditidae (formerly Rhabditina). The confusion of having a hierarchical nesting of groups that were formerly mutually exclusive has led to a profusion of names. Although completely revised taxonomy of nematodes that builds on recent classification systems as well as recent phylogenetic evidence is still necessary, most contemporary taxonomic studies now treat all groups listed under "Diplogasterina" below as a single family, Diplogastridae. Subdivisions *Suborder Chambersiellina Hodda 2007 **Superfamily Chambersielloidea Thorne 1937 ***Family Chambersiellidae Thorne 1937 (Sanwal 1957) *Suborder Diplogasterina Paramonov 1952 **Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Cylindrocorporidae T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Odontopharyngidae Micoletzky 1922 **Superfamily Diplogasteroid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascaridida
Ascaridomorpha is an infraorder of parasitic roundworms in the order Rhabditida Rhabditida is an order of free-living, parasitic and microbivorous nematodes living in soil. The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of whether these are merg .... References Nematode orders {{parasitic animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiruria
Spirurina is a suborder of nematode worms in the order Rhabditida. Spirurina contains a diverse group of worms that inhabit soil, water, and other bodies of organism. Footnotes References * Bowman, D. D. (2014). Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. Elsevier Health Sciences. * Hawdon, J. M., & Schad, G. A. (1990). Trichinella and trichinosis. Oxford University Press. Spirurina, Parasitic nematodes of mammals Ecdysozoa subclasses {{parasitic animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adenophorea
Adenophorea or Aphasmidia was a class of nematodes (roundworms). It has been by and large abandoned by modern taxonomy, because there is strong evidence for it being a motley paraphyletic group of unrelated lineages of roundworms.ToL (2002) Description Amphids of Adenophoreas are always post-labial and pore-like. Deirids are not seen in Adenophoreas. Phasmids are also generally absent in Adenophoreas. Adenophreas have uninucleate hypodermal glands. Adenophoreas' excretory system is simple and non-tubular when present. Adenophoreas commonly have three caudal glands. The opening is through a spinneret at the tail tip. Male Adenophoreas generally have two testes. Caudal alae are rare in Adenophoreas. Male Adenophoreas have supplement glands situated in a single ventro-median row. Sensory papillae of Adenophoreas are in the cephalic region and along the body. Generally, Adenophoreas have five esophageal glands. Adenophorea are either marine, freshwater or terrestrial or t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelenchida
Aphelenchida is a moderately large order of nematodes. Aphelenchida have a stylet for feeding and a very prominent median bulb in the oesophagus. They are cosmopolitan. Some are associated with insects, and may be ectoparasites or endoparasites, or merely use the insect as transport. Others are associated with plants, as root, stem, or leaf parasites, which may be pathogenic to the plant or not. Still others are associated with fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ..., and some are free-living. There may be considerable plasticity of feeding habits within species, involving almost any combination of the categories listed above. Sometimes different feeding habits involve morphologically distinct phases, but they may involve only behavioral differences, and sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phasmid (nematode Anatomy)
Phasmids are sensilla in the lateral tail region of certain species of nematodes. They are similar in their structure to amphid sensilla, but smaller. One classification system for nematodes places nematodes with phasmids into class Secernentea and nematodes without phasmids into class Adenophorea. Phasmid neurons were recently shown to function in modulation of chemorepulsion behavior in ''Caenorhabditis elegans''. In ''C. elegans'', the right phasmid contains two sensory neurons, while the left contains three, protected by sheath and socket cells. The cilia of the dendrite A dendrite (from Ancient Greek language, Greek δένδρον ''déndron'', "tree") or dendron is a branched cytoplasmic process that extends from a nerve cell that propagates the neurotransmission, electrochemical stimulation received from oth ...s of the PHA and PHB neurons project through the phasmid openings, while the PQR neuronal process present on the left side is wrapped by a socket cell. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplogasterida
Diplogasterida was an order of nematodes. It was sometimes placed in a monotypic subclass Diplogasteria, but molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown it to be embedded in the family Rhabditidae (formerly Rhabditina). The confusion of having a hierarchical nesting of groups that were formerly mutually exclusive has led to a profusion of names. Although completely revised taxonomy of nematodes that builds on recent classification systems as well as recent phylogenetic evidence is still necessary, most contemporary taxonomic studies now treat all groups listed under "Diplogasterina" below as a single family, Diplogastridae. Subdivisions *Suborder Chambersiellina Hodda 2007 **Superfamily Chambersielloidea Thorne 1937 ***Family Chambersiellidae Thorne 1937 (Sanwal 1957) *Suborder Diplogasterina Paramonov 1952 **Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Cylindrocorporidae T. Goodey 1939 ***Family Odontopharyngidae Micoletzky 1922 **Superfamily Diplogasteroidea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirurida
Spirurida falls under the phylum Nematoda class Chromadorea and order Rhabditida. They are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical bodies and unsegmented structure. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Some Spirurida, like the genus '' Gongylonema'', can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called " creeping disease". Some species are known as eyeworms and infect the orbital cavity of animal hosts. Systematics The Camallanida are sometimes included herein as a suborder, and the Drilonematida are sometimes placed here as a superfamily. There are doubts about the internal systematics of the Spirurida, and some groups placed herein might belong to other spirurian or even secernentean lineages.ToL (2002) The following superfamilies are at least provisionally placed in the Spirurida: * Acuarioidea * Aproctoidea * Diplotriaenoidea * Filarioidea The Filarioidea are a Taxonomic ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyurida
Oxyuridomorpha is an infraorder of nematode worms in the suborder Spirurina. It was formerly considered an order within Nematoda The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitism, parasitic. Parasitic ..., under the name Oxyurida. As currently accepted, it comprises the superfamilies Oxyuroidea and Thelastomatoidea. References Parasitic nematodes of vertebrates Nematode orders {{parasitic animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camallanida
The Camallanida are an order of nematodes. They are parasites of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. They also use copepods as obligatory secondary hosts. They are sometimes included in the Spirurida as a suborder Camallanina. Description Amphid apertures of Camallaninas are pore or slit-like. Camallaninas have posterior phasmids. The excretory system of a Camallanina is tubular. Cuticles of Camallaninas are striated in two to four layers. Lateral field is present. Camallaninas have three esophageal glands. Their esophageal structure varies. Sensory papillae of Camallaninas are cephalic. Notable species and genera *''Dracunculus medinensis ''Dracunculus medinensis'' (Guinea worm, dragon worm, fiery serpent) is a nematode that causes dracunculiasis, also known as Guinea worm disease. The disease is caused by the female which, at around in length, is among the longest nematodes ...'' (human as final host) and '' Anguillicola crassus'' (eels as final host) are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
