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Sanskrit Grammar
The grammar of the Sanskrit language has a complex verbal system, rich nominal declension, and extensive use of compound nouns. It was studied and codified by Sanskrit grammarians from the later Vedic period (roughly 8th century BCE), culminating in the Pāṇinian grammar of the 4th century BCE. Grammatical tradition Origins Sanskrit grammatical tradition ('' vyākaraṇa'', one of the six Vedanga disciplines) began in late Vedic India and culminated in the ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' of Pāṇini. The oldest attested form of the Proto-Indo-Aryan language as it had evolved in the Indian subcontinent after its introduction with the arrival of the Indo-Aryans is called Vedic. By 1000 BCE, the end of the early Vedic period, a large body of Vedic hymns had been consolidated into the Ṛg·Veda, which formed the canonical basis of the Vedic religion, and was transmitted from generation to generation entirely orally. In the course of the following centuries, as the popular speech e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology (linguistics), morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and #Theoretical frameworks, theoretical grammar. Fluency in a particular language variety involves a speaker internalizing these rules, many or most of which are language acquisition, acquired by observing other speakers, as opposed to intentional study or language teaching, instruction. Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more direct instruction. The term ''grammar'' can also describe the linguistic behaviour of groups of speakers and writer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patañjali
Patanjali (, , ; also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra) was the name of one or more author(s), mystic(s) and philosopher(s) in ancient India. His name is recorded as an author and compiler of a number of Sanskrit works. The greatest of these are the ''Yoga Sutras'', a classical yoga text. Estimates based on analysis of this work suggests that its author(s) may have lived between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century CE. An author of the same name is credited with the authorship of the classic text on Sanskrit grammar named ''Mahābhāṣya'', that is firmly datable to the 2nd century BCE, and authorship of medical texts possibly dating from 8th-10th centuries CE. The two works, ''Mahābhāṣya'' and ''Yoga Sutras'', are completely different in subject matter, and Indologist Louis Renou has shown that there are significant differences in language, grammar and vocabulary. Before the time of Bhoja (11th century), no known text conflates the identity of the two authors. There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siddhānta-Kaumudī
''Siddhantakaumudi'' () is a book by Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita on Sanskrit grammar. Its full name ''Vaiyakaranasiddhantakaumudi''. Bhattoji Dixit composed Siddhanta Kaumudi on the basis of Prakriyakaumudi. He himself wrote Praudha Manorama Tika on this book. Bhattoji dikshita's disciple Varadarāja also became a great scholar of grammar. He composed Laghusiddhantakaumudi. In the ancient practice of studying Paṇiniyān grammar, the order of Paniniya sutrapath was considered as the basis. This sequence was difficult from the point of view of experiment, because formulas of different chapters had to be used to do the same experiment. Seeing this difficulty, there was a need to invent such a method in which all sutras necessary for the achievement of a particular experiment are available at one place. As Western countries The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australasia; with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laghu Siddhānta Kaumudī
Laghu (pronounced ), also known as Hoatana or Katova, is an extinct language of Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. Its last speaker died in 1984. People in the villages of Baolo and Samasodu, where it used to be spoken, now speak the neighboring Zabana language, which is more widely spoken and still expanding (Palmer 2009:1-2). References * Palmer, Bill. 2009. ''Kokota Grammar.'' Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication No. 35. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni .... . Extinct languages of the Solomon Islands Languages extinct in the 1980s Ysabel languages {{MesoMelanesian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhya Siddhānta Kaumudī
Madhya (Sanskrit for 'middle') may refer to: * Madhya Pradesh, occasionally Madhya for short, a state in India * Madhya, the middle tala in Indian classical music * Madhya, the middle octave in Indian (especially Hindustani) classical music See also * Madhva * Madhya Bharat S.C., a football club in India *Madhya Gujarat Vij, a power company in Gujarat, India *Madhya Kailash Temple, a Hindu temple in South Africa *''Madhya Venal'', a Malayalam film *Madhya Vidyalaya, a type of school in Sri Lanka Geographic locations *Madhya Bharat, a former state of India *Madhya Kailash, a location in Tamil Nadu, India *Madhya Majuli Madhya Majuli is the middle part of Majuli, Jorhat, Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an a ..., a location in Assam, India * Madhya Nepal Municipality, a municipality in Nepal {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varadarāja
Varadarāja was a 17th-century Hindu Sanskrit grammarian. He compiled an abridgement of the work of his master, the '' Siddhānta Kaumudī'' of Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita, in three versions, referred to as ''madhya'' "middle", ''laghu'' "short" and ''sāra'' "substance, quintessence" versions of the '' Siddhāntakaumudī'', the latter reducing the number of rules to 723 (out of the full 3,959 of Pāṇini). These are comparatively accessible introductions to the very technical grammar of Pāṇini (; , ) was a Sanskrit grammarian, logician, philologist, and revered scholar in ancient India during the mid-1st millennium BCE, dated variously by most scholars between the 6th–5th and 4th century BCE. The historical facts of his life ar ... himself, and the 1849 translation by Ballantyne was important to the understanding of native Indian grammatical tradition in Western scholarship (Pāṇini's grammar was first translated by Otto von Böhtlingk in 1887). References Bibli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita
Bhattoji Dikshita (Pronunciation: bʱəʈʈod͡ʒiː d̪ɪkʂɪt̪ᵊ) was a 17th-century Sanskrit grammarian who authored the , Shabda-Kaustubha, and Prauda Manorama. He was born into a Brahmin family and settled in Varanasi, a major hub for Sanskrit learning. Here, he focused on his scholarly pursuits through financial support from the local rulers. Early life and education Bhattoji was born into a Brahmin family possibly from Maharashtra or Andhra Pradesh. Bhattoji settled in Varanasi before 1600 C.E. Varanasi, a major hub for Sanskrit learning, provided Bhattoji the opportunity to master and contribute to the tradition of Pāṇinian grammar. In Varanasi, Bhattoji and his family received financial support from local rulers belonging to the Keladi royal family, Venkatappa Nayaka I and Virabhadra of the Ikkeri Kingdom, which allowed Bhattoji to focus on scholarly pursuits. Bhattoji learned from distinguished scholars, notably Shesha Krishna (''Śeṣa Kṛṣṇa''). Shesha Kr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siddhānta Kaumudī
''Siddhantakaumudi'' () is a book by Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita on Sanskrit grammar. Its full name ''Vaiyakaranasiddhantakaumudi''. Bhattoji Dixit composed Siddhanta Kaumudi on the basis of Prakriyakaumudi. He himself wrote Praudha Manorama Tika on this book. Bhattoji dikshita's disciple Varadarāja also became a great scholar of grammar. He composed Laghusiddhantakaumudi. In the ancient practice of studying Paṇiniyān grammar, the order of Paniniya sutrapath was considered as the basis. This sequence was difficult from the point of view of experiment, because formulas of different chapters had to be used to do the same experiment. Seeing this difficulty, there was a need to invent such a method in which all sutras necessary for the achievement of a particular experiment are available at one place. As Western countries The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australasia; with so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharmakīrti
Dharmakīrti (fl. ;), was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā.Tom Tillemans (2011)Dharmakirti Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy He was one of the key scholars of epistemology (pramāṇa) in Buddhist philosophy, and is associated with the Yogācāra and Sautrāntika schools. He was also one of the primary theorists of Buddhist atomism. His works influenced the scholars of Mīmāṃsā, Nyaya and Shaivism schools of Hindu philosophy as well as scholars of Jainism. Dharmakīrti's '' Pramāṇavārttika'', his largest and most important work, was very influential in India and Tibet as a central text on pramana ('valid knowledge instruments') and was widely commented on by various Indian and Tibetan scholars. His texts remain part of studies in the monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism. History Little is known for certain about the life of Dharmakirti. As per John Taber, the only reliable information that we have about his life was that he was a tea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
