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Sacoglossa
Sacoglossa are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia known as sacoglossans. There are 284 valid species recognized within this superorder. Sacoglossans live by ingesting the cellular contents of algae, hence they are sometimes called "sap-sucking sea slugs". Some sacoglossans simply digest the fluid which they suck from the algae, but in some other species, the slugs sequester and use within their own tissues living chloroplasts from the algae they eat, a very unusual phenomenon known as kleptoplasty, for the "stolen" plastids. This earns them the title of the "solar-powered sea slugs", and makes them unique among metazoan organisms, for otherwise kleptoplasty is known only among other euthyneurans and single-celled protists. The Sacoglossa are divided into two clades - the shelled families (Oxynoacea) and the shell-less families (Plakobranchacea). The four families of shelled species are Cylindrobul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleptoplasty
Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiosis, symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host. The word is derived from ''Kleptes'' (κλέπτης) which is Greek language, Greek for thief. The alga is eaten normally and partially digested, leaving the plastid intact. The plastids are maintained within the host, temporarily continuing photosynthesis and benefiting the host. Etymology The word kleptoplasty is derived from Ancient Greek (), meaning , and (), originally meaning formed or moulded, and used in biology to mean a plastid. Process Kleptoplasty is a process in symbiosis, symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host. The alga is eaten normally and partially digested, leaving the plastid intact. The plastids are maintained within the host, temporarily continuing photosynthesis and benefiting the host. The term was coined in 1990 to describe c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylindrobullidae
''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The suborder Cylindrobulloidea used to be recognized as monogeneric suborder; in other words there was only one family in the suborder, the family Cylindrobullidae, and only one genus ''Cylindrobulla''. 1996 taxonomy It was treated by Jensen (1996) as a sister group of Sacoglossa and placed it in the new order Cylindrobullacea. 1998 taxonomy Mikkelsen (1998) has argued that the genus ''Cylindrobulla'' actually belongs in Oxynoacea within shelled Sacoglossa. This change in taxonomy was suggested on the basis of the similarity in many characteristics: digestive, sexual, pallial (= concerning the Mantle (mollusc), mantle), and the nervous system. 2005 taxonomy According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elysia Crispata
''Elysia crispata'', common name the lettuce sea slug or lettuce slug, is a large and colorful species of sea slug, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk. The lettuce slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that clade of gastropods; it is classified as a sacoglossan. Description This species is called the lettuce slug because it is often green in color, and it always has a very frilly edge to its parapodia. This makes the slug resemble the curly kinds of lettuce, such as the lollo rosso variety. The maximum length of this species is about 5 cm and 3 cm in width. The lettuce slug is extremely variable in color: it can also be blue, or very pale with red lines or yellow lines. Distribution This species lives in the tropical parts of the western Atlantic, and the Caribbean faunal zone. They are found in more coastal and tropical reef areas where the water is shallow and clear. Diet ''E. crispata'' can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliidae
Juliidae, common name the bivalved gastropods, is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Juliidae E. A. Smith, 1885. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196330 on 2021-06-09 Taxonomic edit history These are sacoglossan (sap-sucking) sea snails, and many of them are green in color. These snails are extremely unusual in that their shells consist of two separate hinged pieces or valves. The valves are joined by a ligament, and look nothing like a normal snail shell; instead the valves look almost exactly like the two hinged valves of a clam, a bivalve mollusk, which is a related but very different class of mollusks. Up until the mid-20th century, the Juliidae were known only from fossil shells, and not surprisingly, these fossils were interpreted as being the shells of bivalves. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Slug
Sea slug is a common name for some Marine biology, marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial Slug, slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are Sea snail, sea snails (marine gastropod mollusks) that, over evolutionary time, have either entirely lost their shells or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a significantly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is often applied to Nudibranch, nudibranchs and a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without apparent Gastropod shell, shells. Sea slugs have an enormous variation in body shape, color, and size. Most are partially translucent. The often bright colors of Coral reef, reef-dwelling species imply that these animals are under constant threat of predators. Still, the color can warn other animals of the sea slug's toxic stinging cells (nematocysts) or offensive taste. Like all Gastropod, gastropods, they have small, razor-sharp teeth called Radula, rad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxynoidae
Oxynoidae is a family of sea snails, bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group. This family has no subfamilies. Genera The following three genera or four are included in the family Oxynoidae: * ''Lobiger'' Krohn, 1847 * ''Lophopleurella'' Zilch, 1956 with the only species in the genus: '' Lophopleurella capensis'' (Thiele, 1912) from South Africa * ''Oxynoe ''Oxynoe'' is a genus of small sea snails, bubble snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family Oxynoidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Oxynoe Rafinesque, 1814. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...'' Rafinesque, 1814 * '' Roburnella'' Marcus, 1982 with the only species '' Roburnella wilsoni'' (Tate, 1889) Invalid taxa placed in Oxynoidae include: * ''Icarus gravesii'' Forbes, 1844 - type locality: Aegean Sea * ''Lophocercus krohnii'' A. Adams, 1854 - type locality: Hawaiian Islands : * ''Lophocercus sieboldii'' Krohn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limapontioidea
Limapontioidea are a superseded superfamily of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Plakobranchoidea Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411959 on 2020-11-05 It is now accepted as a synonym of the superfamily Plakobranchoidea Gray, 1840. Families Families within the superfamily Limapontioidea include: *Family Caliphyllidae Tiberi, 1881 * Family Costasiellidae K. B. Clarke, 1984 *Family Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 *Family Limapontiidae Limapontiidae is a taxonomic family of small to minute sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Limapontiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marin ... Gray, 1847 ;Families and subfamilies brought into synonymy : * Alderiidae : synonym of Limapontiidae * Costasiellidae : synon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The number of additional fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000, and the proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat, as numerous groups are freshwater and even terrestrial species. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known extant i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plakobranchacea
The Plakobranchacea are a clade of sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sacoglossa Sacoglossa are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia known as sacoglossans. There are 284 valid species recognized within this superorder. Sacoglossans live by ingestin ....Bouchet, P. (2012). Plakobranchacea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=596349 on 2012-03-08 Taxonomy *Superfamily Plakobranchoidea **Family Boselliidae **Family Plakobranchidae **Family Platyhedylidae *Superfamily Limapontioidea **Family Caliphyllidae **Family Hermaeidae **Family Limapontiidae References Sacoglossa Obsolete gastropod taxa {{Heterobranchia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible Gastropod shell, shell. Definition Determining whether some gastropods should be called sea snails is not always easy. Some species that live in brackish water (such as certain Neritidae, neritids) can be listed as either freshwater snails or marine snails, and some species that live at or just above the high tide level (for example, species in the genus ''Truncatella (gastropod), Truncatella'') are sometimes considered to be sea snails and sometimes listed as land snails. Anatomy Sea snails are a very large and diverse group of animals. Most snails that live in salt water respire using a gill or gills; a few species, though, have a lung, are intertidal, and are active only at low tide w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radula
The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the mollusks, and is found in every class of mollusk except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth. Within the gastropods, the radula is used in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth ( denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more ancient lineages of gastropods, the radula is used to graze, by scraping diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces and other substrates. Predatory marine snails such as the Naticidae use the radula plus an acidic secretion to bore through the shell of other mollusks. Other predatory marine snails, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different gill"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs. Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises two groups: the opisthobranchs, and the pulmonates. Diversity The two subdivisions of this large clade are quite diverse: * Opisthobranchia are virtually all marine species, some shelled and some not, and comprise about 25 families and 2000 species of the bubble shells, the seaslugs, as well as the sea hares. The internal organs of the opisthobranchs have undergone detorsion (unwinding of the viscera that were twisted during torsion). * The Pulmonata comprises about 20000 species, includes the majority of land snails and slugs, many freshwater snails, and a small number of marine species. The mantle cavity of the Pulmonata is modified into an air-breathing organ. They are also characterized by detorsion a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
