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Sackler Family
The Sackler family is an American family who owned the pharmaceutical company Purdue Pharma and later founded Mundipharma. Purdue Pharma, and some members of the family, have faced lawsuits regarding overprescription of addictive pharmaceutical drugs, including Oxycodone, OxyContin. Purdue Pharma has been criticized for its large role in the opioid epidemic in the United States. They have been described as the "most evil family in America", and "the worst drug dealers in history". The Sackler family has been profiled in various media, including the documentary ''The Crime of the Century (2021 film), Crime of the Century'' on HBO, the book ''Empire of Pain'' by Patrick Radden Keefe, the 2021 Hulu miniseries ''Dopesick (miniseries), Dopesick'', the 2022 Academy Awards, Oscar-nominated documentary ''All the Beauty and the Bloodshed'', and the 2023 Netflix mini-series ''Painkiller (TV series), Painkiller''. History Arthur M. Sackler, Arthur, Mortimer Sackler, Mortimer, and Raymond Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purdue Pharma
Purdue Pharma L.P., formerly the Purdue Frederick Company (1892–2019), was an American privately held pharmaceutical company founded by John Purdue Gray. It was sold to Arthur Sackler, Arthur, Mortimer Sackler, Mortimer, and Raymond Sackler in 1952, and then owned principally by the Sackler family and their descendants. The company manufactured pain medicines such as hydromorphone, fentanyl, codeine, hydrocodone and oxycodone, also known by its brand name, OxyContin. The Sacklers developed aggressive marketing tactics persuading doctors to prescribe OxyContin in particular. Doctors were enticed with free trips to pain-management seminars (which were effectively all-expenses-paid vacations) and paid speaking engagements. Sales of their drugs soared, as did the number of people dying from overdoses. From 1999 to 2020, nearly 841,000 people died from drug overdoses in the United States, with prescription and illicit opioids responsible for 500,000 of those deaths. A series of lawsu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galician Jews
Galician Jews or Galitzianers () are members of the subgroup of Ashkenazim, Ashkenazi Jews originating and developed in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and Bukovina from contemporary western Ukraine (Lviv Oblast, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil Oblast, Ternopil Oblasts) and from south-eastern Poland (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian and Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Lesser Poland). Galicia proper, which was inhabited by Ruthenians, Poles and Jews, became a royal province within Austria-Hungary after the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. Galician Jews primarily spoke Yiddish. Demographics In the modern period, Jews were the third most numerous ethnic group in Big Galicia, after Poles and Ruthenians. At the time that Galicia was annexed by Austria (i.e. the Habsburg monarchy), in 1772, there were approximately 150,000 to 200,000 Jews residing there, comprising 5–6.5% of the total population; by 1857 the Jewish population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watch 8-hour Deposition Of Richard Sackler As He Denies Family's Role In The Opioid Crisis
A watch is a timepiece carried or worn by a person. It is designed to maintain a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person's activities. A wristwatch is worn around the wrist, attached by a watch strap or another type of bracelet, including metal bands or leather straps. A pocket watch is carried in a pocket, often attached to a chain. A stopwatch is a type of watch that measures intervals of time. During most of their history, beginning in the 16th century, watches were mechanical devices, driven by clockwork, powered by winding a mainspring, and keeping time with an oscillating balance wheel. These are known as ''mechanical watches''. In the 1960s the electronic ''quartz watch'' was invented, powered by a battery and keeping time with a vibrating quartz crystal. By the 1980s it had taken over most of the watch market, in what became known as the quartz revolution (or the quartz crisis in Switzerland, whose renowned watch industry it decimated). In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantic Scholar
Semantic Scholar is a research tool for scientific literature. It is developed at the Allen Institute for AI and was publicly released in November 2015. Semantic Scholar uses modern techniques in natural language processing to support the research process, for example by providing automatically generated summaries of scholarly papers. The Semantic Scholar team is actively researching the use of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, machine learning, human–computer interaction, and information retrieval. Semantic Scholar began as a database for the topics of computer science, geoscience, and neuroscience. In 2017, the system began including biomedical literature in its corpus. , it includes over 200 million publications from all fields of science. Technology Semantic Scholar provides a one-sentence summary of scientific literature. One of its aims was to address the challenge of reading numerous titles and lengthy abstracts on mobile devices. It also seeks t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Indian Medical Gazette
''The Indian Medical Gazette'' is an Indian medical journal established in 1866. NCBI. Retrieved 25 May 2018. In its early days, it was closely associated with the . Editors The following is a partial list of the editors: *David Boyes Smith
David Boyes Smith (19 November 1833 - 3 June 1889) was deputy surgeon general of the Indian Medical Service (IMS).
Early life
David Boyes Smith was born on 19 November 1833. He studied medicine at the ...
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Morphine Addiction
Morphine, formerly also called morphia, is an opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (''Papaver somniferum''). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psychological dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated administration. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain and is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction, kidney stones, and during labor. Its maximum effect is reached after about 20 minutes when administered intravenously and 60 minutes when administered by mouth, while the duration of its effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemiker-Zeitung
''Chemiker Zeitung'' was a German scientific journal with publications on general and industrial chemistry. It was established in 1877, and it issued in Köthen. From 1932 onwards, it was named ''Forschrittsbericht der Chemiker-Zeitung über die wichtigsten Gebiete der Chemie und chemischen Industrie'' and in 1950 the name changed to ''Deutsche Chemiker-Zeitschrift''. Publication was suspended between 1945 and 1949. The journal was continued from 1959 to 1968 as the ''Chemiker-Zeitung, Chemische Apparatur''. In 1992, ''Chemiker Zeitung'' was merged with '' Journal für praktische Chemie'' (established in 1834). Since 2001, '' Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis'' (publisher: Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany) integrated both ''Chemiker Zeitung'' and ''Journal für praktische Chemie''. See also * Science and technology in Germany Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of Economy of Germany, the coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck & Co
Merck & Co., Inc. is an American Multinational corporation, multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Rahway, New Jersey. The company does business as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the United States and Canada. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, generally ranking in the global top five by revenue. Merck & Co. was originally established as the American affiliate of Merck Group in 1891. Merck develops and produces medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products. It has several blockbuster products, including cancer immunotherapy, anti-diabetic medications, and vaccines for HPV and chickenpox, each generating significant revenue as of 2020. The company is ranked 71st on the 2022 Fortune 500, ''Fortune'' 500 and 87th on the 2022 Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000, both based on 2021 revenues. In 2023, the company’s seat in the ''Forbes'' Global 2000 was 73. Products The company develops medicines, vaccines, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analgesic
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management. Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects. Analgesic choice is also determined by the type of pain: For neuropathic pain, recent research has suggested that classes of drugs that are not normally considered analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants may be considered as an alternative. Various analgesics, such as many NSAIDs, are available over the counter in most countries, whereas various others are prescription drugs owing to the substantial risks and high chances of overdose, misuse, and addiction in the absence of medical supervision. Etymology The word ''analgesic'' derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxycodone
Oxycodone, sold under the brand name Roxicodone and OxyContin (which is the extended-release form) among others, is a semi-synthetic opioid used medically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is highly addictive and is a commonly drug abuse, abused drug. It is usually taken oral administration, by mouth, and is available in immediate release, immediate-release and controlled release, controlled-release formulations. Onset of pain relief typically begins within fifteen minutes and lasts for up to six hours with the immediate-release formulation. In the United Kingdom, it is available by Injection (medicine), injection. Combination drug, Combination products are also available with oxycodone/paracetamol, paracetamol (acetaminophen), oxycodone/ibuprofen, ibuprofen, oxycodone/naloxone, naloxone, naltrexone, and oxycodone/aspirin, aspirin. Common side effects include euphoria, constipation, nausea, vomiting, Anorexia (symptom), loss of appetite, Somnolence, drowsiness, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Speyer
Jakob Edmund Speyer (11 November 1878 – 5 May 1942) was a high-ranking German university lecturer and chemist of Jewish descent. He was persecuted during the National Socialist era, losing his profession and his livelihood. He was deported to the Lodz ghetto, where he died in 1942. Life Speyer was born in Frankfurt am Main as the son of the Frankfurt merchant M. Speyer. After graduating from high school in Frankfurt in 1896, he began to study chemistry at Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. Here he was awarded a doctorate by Emil Knoevenagel in July 1901 with a thesis ''Zur Kenntnis der Additionsfähigkeit ungesättigter Verbindungen''. Speyer then went back to Frankfurt, where he first worked as a research assistant at the University of Frankfurt. In 1915 he received his habilitation with ''Contributions to the Knowledge of Thebaine and its Derivatives''. With Martin Freund, who was head of the Chemical Institute at the Physikalischer Verein, he first synthesised the opioi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Freund
Martin Freund (August 13, 1863 in Nysa, Kingdom of Prussia – March 13, 1920 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German chemist and professor at the Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Life Freund was born the son of a Jewish merchant. After graduating from the Realgymnasium at the Zwinger in Breslau, he started to study chemistry at the University of Breslau and the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1881. He received his doctorate in 1884. (contribution to the knowledge of malonic acid). During his studies he became a member of the ''Akademischer Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein zu Breslau'' in 1881. He was assistant to Hermann Wichelhaus and lecture assistant to August Wilhelm von Hofmann. In 1888 he habilitated in Berlin and in 1895 joined the Physikalischer Verein in Frankfurt am Main as a lecturer, where he headed its chemical laboratory. From 1905 he was a lecturer at the Akademie für Sozial- und Handelswissenschaften (Academy for Social and Commercial Sciences). In 1914 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
