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Rotaliida
The Rotaliida are an order of Foraminifera, characterized by multilocular tests (shells) composed of bilamellar perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that may be optically radial or granular. In form, rotaliid tests are typically enrolled, but may be reduced to biserial or uniserial, or may be encrusting with proliferated chambers. Chambers may be simple or subdivided by secondary partitions; the surface is smooth, papillate, costate, striate, or cancellate; the aperture is simple or with an internal toothplate, entosolenian tube, or hemicylindrical structure; it may have an internal canal or stolen systems. Rotaliids are primarily oceanic benthos, although some are common in shallower estuarine waters. They also include many important fossils, such as the nummulitids. Taxonomy The Rotaliida are now divided into the following superfamilies: [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foraminifera
Foraminifera ( ; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are unicellular organism, single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class (biology), class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular Ectoplasm (cell biology), ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "Test (biology), test") of diverse forms and materials. Tests of chitin (found in some simple genera, and ''Textularia'' in particular) are believed to be the most primitive type. Most foraminifera are marine, the majority of which live on or within the seafloor sediment (i.e., are benthos, benthic, with different sized species playing a role within the macrobenthos, meiobenthos, and Benthos, microbenthos), while a smaller number float in the water column at various depths (i.e., are planktonic), which belong to the suborder Globigerinina. Fewer are known from freshwater or brackish conditions, and some very few (nonaquatic) soil species have been id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acervulinacea
Acervulinacea is a superfamily in the Foraminifera order Rotaliida. The Acervulinacea may be free, or able to move about, or their tests may be attached to some substrate. The early growth stage is spiral, followed by irregular chambers that form an irregular mass, disc, or branching structure. The test wall is of hyaline (glassy) optically radial calcite and is coarsely perforate. Apertures are present only as mural pores. The Acervulinacea contains two families with living genera, the Acervulinidae of Schultze, 1854 and the Homotrematidae of Loeblich and Tappan, 1964. The Acervulinidae are characterized by a free or attached test with an early spiral stage followed by spreading chambers in one or more layers. The range is from Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilostomellacea
Chilostomelloidea is a superfamily of foraminifera in the order Rotaliida. They are found in sediments of Early Cretaceous (Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...) to the present. The test, or shell, may be trochospiral to planispiral throughout, or just in the early part with the later part uncoiled. Chambers may be somewhat enveloping, and attached forms may uncoil in the adult. In coiled forms, the aperture is interiomarginal, or terminal in uncoiled forms. The test wall is made of optically granular perforate hyaline (glassy) oblique calcite. Subtaxa The superfamily Chilostomelloidea consists of the following families: References Foraminifera superfamilies Rotaliida {{Foraminifera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asterigerinacea
The Asterigerinacea (or Asterigerinoidea) is a superfamily of Foraminifera included in the order Rotaliida, proposed by Loeblich and Tappan in 1988.Loeblick A.R. and Tappan H,1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification. (e-book) GSI The Asterigerinacea unites three families, the Episomariidae and Asterigerinidae which had been included in the Discorbacea and the Amphisteginidae which was included in the Orbiotoidacea in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C.Loeblick A.R. and Tappan H.1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' published from 1953–2007 by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, then 2009–present by the University of Kansas Paleontological Institute, is a definitive multi-authore ..., part C Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. Asterigerinacea are characterized by a trochospir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discorbacea
Discorbacea, Discorboidea in recent taxonomies, is a superfamily of foraminifera, Loeblich and Tappan,1988Forminiferal Genera and their Classification (testate protists), with a range extending from the Middle Triassic to the present, characterized by chambers arranged in a low trochospiral; an umbilical or interiomarginal aperture, with or without supplementary apertures; and a wall structure that is optically radial.Loeblick and Tappan,1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,'' published from 1953–2007 by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, then 2009–present by the University of Kansas Paleontological Institute, is a definitive multi-authore ..., part C Protista 2Sen Gupta, 2002. Modern Foraminifer Pub Springer Eight families are currently recognized, further characterized here in. * Discorbidae – Discorbacea in which each chamber is part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globigerinina
The Globigerinina is a suborder of foraminiferans that are found as marine plankton. They produce hyaline calcareous Test (biology), tests, and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant. One of the most important genera is ''Globigerina''; vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with ''Globigerina'' Pelagic sediments, ooze (named by Murray and Renard in 1873), dominated by the shells of planktonic forms. Description Globigerinids are characterized by distinctly perforate planispiral or trochospiral tests composed of lamellar radial hyaline (glassy) calcite, with typically globular chambers and single interiomarginal aperture. Some however have multiple or auxiliary apertures, and in some the aperture is areal or terminal in location. Some, also, have keels, reinforcing thickenings along exterior angles. An adaptation to the planktonic habit is the development o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nummulite
A nummulite is a large lenticular fossil, characterised by its numerous coils, subdivided by septa into chambers. They are the shells of the fossil and present-day marine protozoan ''Nummulites'', a type of foraminiferan. Nummulites commonly vary in diameter from 1.3 cm (0.5 inches) to 5 cm (2 inches) and are common in Eocene to Miocene marine rocks, particularly around southwest Asia and the Mediterranean in the area that once constituted the Tethys Ocean, such as Eocene limestones from Egypt or from Pakistan. Fossils up to six inches wide are found in the Middle Eocene rocks of Turkey. They are valuable as index fossils. The ancient Egyptians used nummulite shells as coins and the pyramids were constructed using limestone that contained nummulites.Kaplan, Sarah, Brilliance without a brain'', Speaking of Science, The Washington Post, March 7, 2018 It is not surprising then that the name ''Nummulites'' is a diminutive form of the Latin '' nummulus'' 'little coin', a refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
