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Ramjet Engines
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around and can operate up to . Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a compact mechanism for high-speed, such as missiles. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in artillery shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel . They have been used, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors. History France Cyrano de Bergerac ''L'Autre Monde: ou les États et Empires de la Lune (Comical History of the States and Empires of the Moon)'' (1657) was the first of three satirical novels written by Cyrano de Bergerac that are considered among the first science fiction stories. Arthur C Clarke credited this book with conceiving the ramjet, and as the first fictional example of rocket-powered sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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René Lorin
René Lorin (24 March 1877 – 16 January 1933) was a French aerospace engineer and inventor of the ramjet. In 1908 Lorin patented, FR390256, the first subsonic ramjet design. He published the principles of a ramjet in articles in the journal ''L'Aérophile'' from 1908 to 1913, expressing the idea that the exhaust from internal combustion engines could be directed into nozzles to create jet propulsion. He could not test this invention since there was no way at the time for an aircraft to go fast enough for a ramjet to function properly. When René Leduc applied for a patent on a ramjet design in 1933, FR705648, he discovered Lorin's publications and tried to contact him, only to learn that he had recently died. Leduc thereafter paid homage to Lorin's work. René Lorin is a graduate of the École Centrale Paris École or Ecole may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by Secondary education in France, secondary education establishm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Bar (unit)
The bar is a metric unit of pressure defined as 100,000 Pa (100 kPa), though not part of the International System of Units (SI). A pressure of 1 bar is slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level (approximately 1.013 bar). By the barometric formula, 1 bar is roughly the atmospheric pressure on Earth at an altitude of 111 metres at 15 °C. The bar and the millibar were introduced by the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, who was a founder of the modern practice of weather forecasting, with the bar defined as one megadyne per square centimetre. The SI brochure, despite previously mentioning the bar, now omits any mention of it.. The bar has been legally recognised in countries of the European Union since 2004. British Standard BS 350:2004 ''Conversion Factors for Units''. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) deprecates its use except for "limited use in meteorology" and lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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GIRD
The Moscow-based Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (also known as the ''Group for the Investigation of Reactive Engines and Reactive Flight'' or ''Jet Propulsion Study Group''; ), abbreviated as GIRD (), was a Soviet research bureau founded in 1931 to study various aspects of rocketry. GIRD launched the first Soviet liquid propellant rocket in August 1933. In November 1933 it was incorporated into the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (, , РНИИ, RNII). History The inspiration for establishing the organisation came from Fredrich Tsander, a scientist, inventor, and romantic who dreamed of space travel. Tsander had begun to consider rocket-powered interplanetary flight as early as 1907 and was one of the founding members of the Society for the Study of Interplanetary Communication in 1924. In September 1931 Tsander formed the Moscow-based 'Group for the Study of Reactive Motion', better known by its Russian acronym “GIRD”. Initial funding was provided by Osoavia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Boris Stechkin
Boris Sergeyevich Stechkin (24 July 1891 – 2 April 1969) was a Russian and Soviet scientist, engineer and inventor. He developed a theory of heat engines and was involved in construction of many Soviet aircraft engines. He was also co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets (the first four-engine airplane and bomber, 1913) and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank (the largest armored vehicle in history, 1916–1917). He died in Moscow on 2 April 1969. See also * List of Russian inventors This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities. This list also includes those who were born in ... References Stechkin's biography at The Heroes of the Country {{DEFAULTSORT:Stechkin, Boris Sergeyevich Inventors from the Russian Empire Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences 1891 births 1969 deaths Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Academic s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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MAKS2015part7-44
MAKS or Maks may refer to: People *Maksim (Maks), a Slavic given name * Kees Maks (1876-1967) Dutch painter Places *Maks, a settlement in northern Poland Other uses *MAKS Air Show, an international airshow held near Moscow, Russia *MAKS (spacecraft), a canceled Russian air-launched orbiter project See also * * * * Macks Creek, Missouri, USA; * MAK (other) * Mak (other) * Max (other) * Macx (other) Macx or variations may refer to: * MacX, a Macintosh implementation of X/11 * Macx Davies (born 1992) Canadian biathlete * Manfred Macx, a fictional character from Charles Stross 2005 novel '' Accelerando'' * Mac OS X, Apple Macintosh computer op ... * Macs (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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American Institute Of Aeronautics And Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is s .... The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States). History The AIAA was founded in 1963 from the merger of two earlier societies: the American Rocket Society (ARS), founded in 1930 as the American Interplanetary Society (AIS), and the Institute of the Aerospace Sciences (IAS), founded in 1932 as the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences. Paul Johnston was the first executive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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International Academy Of Astronautics
The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) is a Paris-based non-government association for the field of astronautics. It was founded in Stockholm, Sweden) on August 16, 1960, by Dr. Theodore von Kármán. It was recognised by the United Nations in 1996. The stated purpose of the IAA is: * Recognize the accomplishments of their peers * Explore and discuss cutting-edge issues in space research and technology * Provide direction and guidance in the non-military uses of space and the ongoing exploration of the solar system Among the activities the academy is involved, there are: * Organizes annual conferences, symposia, and gatherings covering topics such as space sciences, space life sciences, space technology and system development, space systems operations and utilization, space policy, law, economy, space and society, culture, and education. * Publishes cosmic studies concerning space exploration, space debris, small satellites, space traffic management, natural disasters, cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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International Astronautical Federation
The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) is an international space advocacy organization based in Paris, and founded in 1951 as a non-governmental organization to establish a dialogue between scientists around the world and to lay the information for international space cooperation. It has over 390 members from 68 countries across the world. They are drawn from space agencies, companies, universities, professional associations, museums, government organizations and learned societies. The IAF organizes the annual International Astronautical Congress (IAC). Pascale Ehrenfreund has served as the president of the IAF. History After World War II, Heinz Gartmann, Gunter Loeser, and Heinz-Hermann Koelle formed the German Rocket Society. They contacted the British Interplanetary Society (BIS) and Groupement Astronautique Français. The French group's leader, Alexandre Ananoff, organized the First International Congress for Astronautics in Paris, France, in September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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International Astronautical Congress
The International Astronautical Congress (IAC) is an annual meeting of the actors in the discipline of space science. It is hosted by one of the national society members of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), with the support of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and the International Institute of Space Law (IISL). It consists of plenary sessions, lectures and meetings. The IAC is attended by the agency heads and senior executives of the world's space agencies. As the Second World War came to an end, the United States and the Soviet Union held different and competing political worldviews. As the Cold War began to take shape, communication between the two countries became less frequent. Both countries turned their focus to achieving military superiority over the other. Six years after the Iron Curtain fell, the IAF was formed by scientists from all over Europe in the field of space research in order to collaborate once more. During the years of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Austro-Hungarian Army
The Austro-Hungarian Army, also known as the Imperial and Royal Army,; was the principal ground force of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. It consisted of three organisations: the Common Army (, recruited from all parts of Austria-Hungary), the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (recruited from Cisleithania) and the Royal Hungarian Honvéd (recruited from Transleithania). In the wake of fighting between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary and the subsequent two decades of uneasy co-existence, Hungarian troops served either in ethnically mixed units or were stationed away from Hungarian regions. With the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Army was brought into being. It existed until the disestablishment of Austria-Hungary in 1918 following the end of World War I. Common Army units were generally poorly trained and had very limited access to new equipment, because the governments of the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the empire often preferred to ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Albert Fonó
Albert Fonó (born 2 July 1881 in Budapest, d. 21 November 1972 in Budapest), a Hungarian mechanical engineer who was one of the early pioneers of turbojet and ramjet propulsion and was first to patent a ramjet engine and a turbojet engine in 1928 (granted in 1932). Fonó graduated from the József Technical University in Budapest in 1903 and travelled widely, gaining experience working for German, Belgian, French and Swiss manufacturers, before attaining his Ph.D. His main specialty was energetics. He had 46 patents in 20 topics of research, including a steam boiler and an air compressor for mines. In 1915 he devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile combined with a ramjet propulsion unit. This was to make it possible to obtain a long range with low initial muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. Fonó submitted his invention to the Austro-Hungarian Army but the proposal was rej ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |