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Radif (music)
''Radif'' (, ) is a collection of many old Melody type, melodic figures preserved through many generations by oral tradition. It organizes the melody, melodies in a number of different Tonality, tonal spaces called ''dastgāh''. The Persian traditional music, traditional music of Iran is based on the ''radif'', which is a collection of old melodies that have been handed down by the masters to the students through the generations. Over time, each master's own interpretation has shaped and added new melodies to this collection, which may bear the master's name. The preservation of these melodies greatly depended on each successive generation's memory and mastery, since the interpretive origin of this music was expressed only through the oral tradition. To learn and absorb the essence of the ''radif'', many years of repetition and practice are required. A master of the ''radif'' must internalize it so completely to be able to perform any part of it at any given time. The ''radi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melody Type
Melody type or type-melody is a set of melody, melodic formulas, figure (music), figures, and melodic pattern, patterns. Term and typical meanings "Melody type" is a fundamental notion for understanding a nature of Western and non-Western musical Mode (music), modes, according to Harold Powers, Harold Powers' seminal article "Mode" in the first edition of the ''New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' . Melody types are used in the musical composition, composition of an enormous variety of music, especially music of Asia, non-Western and early music, early Western music. Such music is generally composed by a process of centonization, either freely (i.e. improvised) or in a fixed pattern. "Melody type" as used by the ethnomusicologist Mark Slobin, Mark is defined as a "group of melodies that are related, in that they all contain similar modal procedures and characteristic rhythmic and melodic contours or patterns". Most cultures which compose music in this way organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali-Akbar Shahnazi
Ali-Akbar Shahnazi (; 12 May 1897 – 17 March 1985) was an Iranian musician and a master player of the tar instrument. Biography Ali Akbar Shahnazi was born in Tehran, Qajar Iran The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic peoples, Turkic origin,Cyrus G ..., on 12 May 1897. His father, Mirza Hossein-Qoli, another master of the tar, named him Ali-Akbar according to a very old tradition: the grandson should be named as his grandfather. His younger brother Abdolhossein Shahnazi was also a master of the tar. He recorded many pieces with noted vocalists of his time such as Abolhassan Eghbal-Azar and Hossein-Ali Nakisa. He collaborated with other masters of his time such as Reza Mahjubi (violinist) and Hossein Tehrāni (the father of modern tonbak). He not only taught his students his father's '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, Western society, or simply the West, refers to the Cultural heritage, internally diverse culture of the Western world. The term "Western" encompasses the social norms, ethical values, Tradition, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, Cultural artifact, artifacts and technology, technologies primarily rooted in History of Europe, European and History of the Mediterranean region, Mediterranean histories. A broad concept, "Western culture" does not relate to a region with fixed members or geographical confines. It generally refers to the classical era cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome that expanded across the Mediterranean basin and Europe, and later circulated around the world predominantly through colonization and globalization. Historically, scholars have closely associated the idea of Western culture with the classical era of Greco-Roman antiquity. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Music Of Turkey
The roots of traditional music in Turkey span across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks migrated to Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences. Much of its modern popular music can trace its roots to the emergence in the early 1930s drive for Westernization. Ashik, Âşık, Aytysh, atışma, singing culture, wedding dance continued way of having fun with family and friends as before. Due to industry music and music in daily life aren't same. Turkish people including new generations have nostalgia music culture., pp 396-410. With the assimilation of immigrants from various regions the diversity of musical genres and musical instrumentation also expanded. Turkey has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of Music of Greece, Greek, Music of Armenia, Armenian, Music of Albania, Albanian, Music of Poland, Polish, Music of Azerbaijan, Azeri and Jewish communities, among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Music
Ottoman music () or Turkish classical music (, or more recently ) is the tradition of classical music originating in the Ottoman Empire. Developed in the palace, major Ottoman cities, and Sufi lodges, it traditionally features a solo singer with a small to medium-sized instrumental ensemble. A tradition of music that reached its golden age around the early 18th century, Ottoman music traces its roots back to the music of the Hellenic and Persianate world, a distinctive feature of which is the usage of a modal melodic system. This system, alternatively called '' makam'', '' dastgah'' or '' echos'', is a large and varied system of melodic material, defining both scales and melodic contour. In Ottoman music alone, more than 600 makams have been used so far, and out of these, at least 120 makams are in common use and formally defined. Rhythmically, Ottoman music uses the ''zaman'' and ''usûl'' systems, which determine time signatures and accents respectively. A wide variety of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Zev Feldman
Walter may refer to: People and fictional characters * Walter (name), including a list of people and fictional and mythical characters with the given name or surname * Little Walter, American blues harmonica player Marion Walter Jacobs (1930–1968) * Gunther (wrestler), Austrian professional wrestler and trainer Walter Hahn (born 1987), who previously wrestled as "Walter" * Walter, standard author abbreviation for Thomas Walter (botanist) ( – 1789) * "Agent Walter", an early codename of Josip Broz Tito * Walter, pseudonym of the anonymous writer of '' My Secret Life'' * Walter Plinge, British theatre pseudonym used when the original actor's name is unknown or not wished to be included * John Walter (businessman), Canadian business entrepreneur Companies * American Chocolate, later called Walter, an American automobile manufactured from 1902 to 1906 * Walter Energy, a metallurgical coal producer for the global steel industry * Walter Aircraft Engines, Czech manufacturer of aero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hormoz Farhat
Hormoz Farhat (; 9 August 1928 – 16 August 2021) was a Persian-American composer and ethnomusicologist who spent much of his career in Dublin, Ireland. An emeritus professor of music, he was a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Described by the ''Irish Times'' as a "gifted and distinctive composer of contemporary classical music," his compositions include orchestral, concertante, piano and choral music, as well string quartets and chamber works. He also wrote numerous film scores, including that of Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film '' The Cow''. However, his musicological research dominates his legacy; his writings on the music of Iran—a country which he insisted be called 'Persia'—were pivotal in ethnomusicology, particularly his acclaimed 1990 study ''The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music''. Life and career Hormoz Farhat was born on 9 August 1928, in Tehran, the capital city of what was then Imperial State of Persia, but renamed in 1935 as Iran. His father Ebrahim Farat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruno Nettl
Bruno Nettl (March 14, 1930 – January 15, 2020) was an American ethnomusicologist and academic of Czech birth. A central figure of ethnomusicology, he was among the discipline's most influential scholars. Nettl's research interests varied widely; he wrote on music of the Blackfoot people, Iran, Southern India and particularly the scope and methods of ethnomusicology as a discipline. His lengthy teaching-career centered on the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where his many students included Stephen Blum and Philip V. Bohlman. Early life and education Bruno Nettl was born on March 14, 1930 in Prague, then in Czechoslovakia, to a musical family. His father was (1889–1972), a well-known musicologist who researched Mozart as well as the connections between Czech, German and Jewish musical traditions. Among the elder Nettl's work was the ''Handbuch der Musikgeschichte'' (1930) with Guido Adler, and the ''Beethoven Encyclopedia'' (1956). His mother, Gertrude (née Hut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphael Kiesewetter
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. His father Giovanni Santi was court painter to the ruler of the small but highly cultured city of Urbino. He died when Raphael was eleven, and Raphael seems to have played a role in managing the family workshop from this point. He probably trained in the workshop of Pietro Perugino, and was described as a fully trained "master" by 1500. He worked in or for several cities in north Italy until in 1508 he moved to Rome at the invitation of Pope Julius II, to work on the Apostolic Palace at the Vatican. He was given a series of important commissions there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurid Empire
The Timurid Empire was a late medieval, culturally Persianate, Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, and Turkey. The empire was culturally hybrid, combining Turkic, Mongolic, and Persian influences, with the last members of the dynasty being regarded as "ideal Perso-Islamic rulers". The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis's heir, and associated closely with the Borjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations with Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like Ma Huan and Chen Cheng regularly traveling west to Samarkand to buy and sell goods. The empire led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majid Kiani
Majid Kiani is a Master of the Persian Santur. He was the best student of Manoochehr Sadeghi, among others. He teaches traditional Iranian music and his masterpiece is the book named: "Seven Dastgah(s) of Iranian Music". He is a leading figure in the Iranian musical establishment, and known for his controlled expositions. Recordings Sources: * 1979 Masters Of Traditional Music Vol. 1, Dariush Tala'i (tar and setar), Mohammad Musavi ( ney), Majid Kiani (santur)(Recording information: Téhéran, Iran 1979) This disc is made up of individual solo renditions by the three performers (Mohammad Musavi is accompanied by Jamshid Mohebbi (zarb)), and makes a fine introduction to Iranian classical music. The modes are: Avaz Bayat-e Esfahan (Tala'i), Dastgah Chahargah (Tala'i), Dastgah Homayun (Musavi), Avaz Bayat-e Kord (Kiani). This is the best place to start for an introduction to Iranian classical instruments. * 1992 Musique Iranienne: Iranian Music For Zarb & Santur: Including an im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dastgāh
''Dastgāh'' (; , , ) is the standard musical system in Persian traditional music, Persian art music, standardised in the 19th century following the transition of Persian music from the Persian maqam, Maqam modal system. A consists of a collection of musical Melody, melodies, . In a song played in a given , a musician starts with an introductory , and then meanders through various different , evoking different Easy listening, moods. Many in a given are related to an equivalent Mode (music), musical mode in Western culture#Music, Western music. For example, most in Dastgāh-e Māhur correspond to the Ionian mode in the Major scale, whilst most in Dastgāh-e Šur, Dastgāh-e Shur correspond to the Phrygian mode. In spite of 50 or more Ancient literature, extant , 12 are most commonly played, with Dastgāh-e Šur and Dastgāh-e Māhur being referred to as the mothers of all . Summary Each consists of seven basic Musical note, notes, plus several variable notes used fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
