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Proceratiinae
Proceratiinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group, with three extant genera, of which most are tropical or subtropical, although overall distribution is worldwide. Identification The ants are relatively small to medium in size, with colonies generally containing less than 100 individuals. They are similar to Ponerinae, except the promesonotal suture is fused and the frontal lobes are elevated (rather than transverse) and frequently reduced. In addition, the antennal sockets are exposed in a full-face (frontal) view of the head, and in most species, abdominal tergite 4 is much enlarged and vaulted, with abdominal sternite 4 being correspondingly reduced in size. Systematics The subfamily was created in 2003 when Barry Bolton divided the Ponerinae Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Subfamilies
Ants (family (biology), family Formicidae in the Order (biology), order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description. Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamily, subfamilies, of which 17 contain Extant taxon, extant Taxon, taxa, while four are exclusively fossil. Ants have come to occupy virtually all major terrestrial habitats, with the exception of tundra and cold ever-wet forests. They display a wide range of social behaviors, foraging habits and associations with other organisms, which has generated scientific and public interest. Clades Beginning in the 1990s, molecular (DNA sequence) data have come to play a central role in attempts to reconstruct the ant "Tree of life (biology), tree of life". Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on multiple nuclear genes have yielded robust results that reinforce some preexisting views but overturn others – and sugges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bradoponera
''Bradoponera'' is an extinct genus of ant in the Formicidae subfamily Proceratiinae, and is one of four genera of the subfamily. The genus contains four described species ''Bradoponera electrina'', ''Bradoponera meieri'', ''Bradoponera similis'', and ''Bradoponera wunderlichi''. The species are known from several Middle Eocene amber fossils which were found in Europe. History and classification Individuals of ''Bradoponera'' species have been found as inclusions in two different Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene amber deposits in Europe. The species ''B. electrina'' and ''B. wunderlichi'' are known from Baltic amber, while ''B. similis'' is known from Bitterfield amber only. The type species ''B. meieri'' is the most wide spread of the four species, with individuals identified from Baltic, Bitterfeld and Rovno ambers. Baltic amber is approximately 46 million years old, having been deposited during the Lutetian stage of the Middle Eocene. There is debate on what plant family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discothyrea
''Discothyrea'' is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. The genus is distributed in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world, where they usually nest in rotten wood, in the leaf litter, or under stones. Little is known about their biology, but ants in this genus are thought to be specialist predators of arthropod eggs and have been observed storing eggs in their nests (probably spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ... eggs). Species *'' Discothyrea antarctica'' Emery, 1895 *'' Discothyrea banna'' Xu, Burwell & Nakamura, 2014 *'' Discothyrea berlita'' Fisher, 2005 *'' Discothyrea bidens'' Clark, 1928 *'' Discothyrea bryanti'' (Wheeler, 1917) *'' Discothyrea clavicornis'' Emery, 1897 *'' Discothyrea crassicornis'' Clark, 1926 *'' Discothyrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratium
''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant '' Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus '' Bradoponera''. Distribution The genus is rare, but widespread throughout the northern temperate and tropical zones. In the Old World, it is distributed from Spain to Japan, in sub-Saharan Africa, Mauritius, the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Queensland (Australia) and Fiji. In the New World, it is known from Canada to Brazil (and some Caribbean islands). Biology '' P. eocenicum'' male Colonies are relatively small, usually containing less than 200 individuals. They nest in soil, in rotten wood, under stones, or on tree branches. Similar to its sister genus '' Discothyrea'', some species are specialist predators of arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Probolomyrmex
''Probolomyrmex'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. The genus is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. The ants are very rare, and are rarely collected in the field, but they appear to be nesting in the leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituen ... or in rotten wood. Little is known about their biology. Species *'' Probolomyrmex aliundus'' Shattuck, Gunawardene & Heterick, 2012 *'' Probolomyrmex bidens'' Brown, 1975 *'' Probolomyrmex boliviensis'' Mann, 1923 *'' Probolomyrmex brevirostris'' (Forel, 1910) *'' Probolomyrmex brujitae'' Agosti, 1995 *'' Probolomyrmex curculiformis'' Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2014 *'' Probolomyrmex dammermani'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Probolomyrmex filiformis'' Mayr, 1901 *'' Probolomyrmex greavesi'' Taylor, 1965 *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratium Google
''Proceratium google'', also known as the Google ant, was discovered in Madagascar by Brian L. Fisher, Associate Curator of Entomology at the California Academy of Sciences. The ant has an oddly shaped abdomen, adapted for hunting its exclusive meal of spider eggs. Fisher named the ant after the search engine company Google Inc., as a tribute to the usefulness of Google Earth in his research.Fisher, B. L. 2005. A new species of ''Discothyrea'' Roger from Mauritius and a new species of ''Proceratium'' Roger from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences'' (4)56:657-667. [2005-12-30PDF131285 He wrote: References * Antweb (2005) Species: Proceratium google Retrieved September 30, 2005. * California Academy of Sciences (2005) Retrieved September 30, 2005. Proceratiinae Insects described in 2005 Hymenoptera of Africa Insects of Madagascar Google {{Ant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poneromorph Subfamilies
In ants, the traditional subfamily Ponerinae has been subdivided into several Poneromorph subfamilies, with several former tribes now elevated to subfamily rank. According to this analysis, some ponerine groups may be more closely related to other subfamilies than to each other. The subfamilies of "poneromorph" Formicidae include: *Amblyoponinae *Ectatomminae (apparently related to the widely distributed and highly diverse Myrmicinae) *Heteroponerinae *Paraponerinae *Ponerinae (in a much more restricted sense) *Proceratiinae. Long considered primitive on the basis of retention of a typical hymenopteran sting and pupae in cocoons, some groups among the poneromorphs exhibit considerable specialization in predatory habits and mandibular form. These two evolutionary developments are often, but not necessarily, seen in association: elongated mandibles with modified teeth for handling large and potentially toxic prey in '' Amblyopone'' and '' Thaumatomyrmex'', and strongly modified "s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's axial tilt; the width of the tropics (in latitude) is twice the tilt. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). Due to the overhead sun, the tropics receive the most solar energy over the course of the year, and consequently have the highest temperatures on the planet. Even when not directly overhead, the sun is still close to overhead throughout the year, therefore the tropics also have the lowest seasonal variation on the planet; "winter" and "summer" lose their temperature contrast. Instead, seasons are more commonly divided by precipitation variations than by temperature variations. The tropics maintain wide diversity of local climates, such as rain forests, monsoons, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical zone#Temperate zones, temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° to 40° north and south. The horse latitudes lie within this range. Subtropical climates are often characterized by hot summers and mild winters with infrequent frost. Most subtropical climates fall into two basic types: humid subtropical climate, humid subtropical (Köppen climate classification: Cfa/Cwa), where rainfall is often concentrated in the warmest months, for example list of regions of China, Southeast China and the Southeastern United States, and Mediterranean climate, dry summer or Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa/Csb), where seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the cooler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Colony
An ant colony is a population of ants, typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females. In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests. Etymology The term "ant colony" refers to a population of workers, reproductive individuals, and brood that live together, cooperate, and treat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponerinae
Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections. Description and identification Ponerinae are most easily identified from other subfamilies by possessing a single-segmented petiole and the gaster usually being constricted between the first and second segments. ''Odontomachus'' lack this constriction, but these can be identified from their elongate, straight mandibles attached close together along the front margin of the head and with teeth only at the mandible tips. They are rare examples of stinging ants. Females have 12-segmented antennae, whereas males have 13-segmented antennae. Behavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
