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Presidents Of Sudan
This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan, currently under the title President of the Republic of the Sudan. Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As such, executive power was vested in a dyarchy consisting of both countries' heads of state – at the time of independence, the Queen of the United Kingdom (Elizabeth II) and the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council (headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser). Immediately following independence, the role of head of state was filled by a five-member Sovereignty Council, with rival nationalist factions unable to agree on a single candidate. In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d'état, assuming the role of head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emblem Of Sudan
The Emblem of Sudan was adopted in 1985. Design Because this national symbol follows the rules of heraldry it could be considered a national coat of arms instead of a national emblem. It shows a secretary bird bearing a Escutcheon (heraldry), shield (escutcheon) from the time of Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi who History of Mahdist Sudan, briefly ruled Sudan in the 19th century. Two scrolls are placed on the arms; the upper one displays the national motto, ''An-nasr lanā'' النصر لنا ("Victory is ours"), and the lower one displays the title of the state, جمهورية السودان ''Jumhūriyat as-Sūdān'' ("Republic of the Sudan"). The coat of arms is also the Presidential seal and is found in gold on the flag of the president of Sudan and on the vehicles carrying the president and at his residence. The secretary bird was chosen as a distinctively Sudanese and indigenous variant of the "Eagle of Saladin (heraldry)#Arab heraldry, Eagle of Saladin" and " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy Of The United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers Constitutional monarchy, regulated by the British constitution. The term may also refer to the role of the British royal family, royal family within the Politics of the United Kingdom, UK's broader political structure. The monarch since 8 September 2022 is King Charles III, who ascended the throne on Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, the death of Queen Elizabeth II, his mother. The monarch and British royal family, their immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties. Although formally the monarch has authority over the Government of the United Kingdom, governmentwhich is known as "His Majesty's Government (term), His/Her Majesty's Government"this power may only be used according to laws enacted in Parliament of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudanese Socialist Union
The Sudanese Socialist Union (Abbreviation, abbr. SSU; ''Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtiraki As-Sudaniy'') was a political party in Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Sudan. The SSU was the country's One-party state, sole legal party from 1971 until 1985, when the History of Sudan (1969-85), regime of List of heads of state of Sudan, President Gaafar Nimeiry was overthrown in a 1985 Sudanese coup d'état, military coup. Today the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union, the successor party to the SSU, exists as a registered political party in Sudan. Until 2018, it was led by Professor Dr. Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, who was Sudan's first female minister during the presidency of Gaafar Nimeiry as well as a former member of the National Congress Party (Sudan), National Congress Party. Professor Dr. Fatima Abdel Mahmoud was the first woman to contest the presidency of Sudan in the 2010 Sudanese general election, 2010 general election. Electoral history Presidential elections National Assembly el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaafar Nimeiry
Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise spelled in English as Gaafar Nimeiry, Jaafar Nimeiry, or Ja'far Muhammad Numayri; ; 1 January 193030 May 2009) was a Sudanese military officer and politician who served as the fourth head of state of Sudan from 1969 to 1985, first as Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council and then as President. A military officer, he came to power after a military coup in 1969. Establishing a one-party state, with his Sudanese Socialist Union as the sole legal political entity in the country, Nimeiry pursued socialist and Pan-Arabist policies and close collaboration with Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Muammar Gaddafi of Libya. In 1971 Nimeiry survived a pro-Soviet coup attempt, after which he forged an alliance with Mao Zedong of China, and, eventually, with the United States as well. In 1972 he signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, ending the First Sudanese Civil War. In his last years in power he also adopted aspects of Islamism, and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Revolutionary Command Council (Sudan)
The Revolutionary Command Council was the body that ruled Sudan after the coup d'état in May 1969. It was disbanded in October 1971. Initially Babiker Awadalla, a lawyer, served as Premier, but was then moved by Maj-Gen Gaafar Nimeiry to become deputy chair of the council on 26 November 1969. Joseph Garang, a southerner, was also on the council in its initial days. Members (in 1970) The other members (1970) were as follows:The Europa World Year Book 1970 * Farouk Hamadallah (Purged in 1970) * Khalid Hassan Abbas * Mamoun Awad * Abul Kassem Hashem * Muhammad Ahmed Abd al-Qadir * Abu el-Qassim Mohamad Ibrahim * Abu Bakr al-Nur (Purged in 1970) * Hashem al Atta (Purged in 1970) See also * Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council *Libyan Revolutionary Command Council The Revolutionary Command Council () was a twelve-member governing body that ruled the Libyan Arab Republic after the 1969 Libyan coup d'état by the Free Officers Movement (Libya), Free Officers Movement, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1969 Sudanese Coup D'état
The 1969 Sudanese coup d'état was a successful coup, led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, against the government of President Ismail al-Azhari. The coup signaled the end of Sudan's second democratic era, and saw the beginning of Nimeiry's 16 year rule. Nimeiry's government would pursue a radical Arab nationalist and leftist program, bringing in a socialist program for social and economic development, including widespread nationalization of private property. His government would also push for an end to the First Sudanese Civil War, which by 1969 had been ongoing for nearly 14 years. In pursuing peace, the new government pushed for amnesty, and would declare regional autonomy for southern Sudan on 9 June 1969. Background Following independence on 1 January 1956, Ismail al-Azhari of the National Unionist Party (NUP) became Prime Minister leading the government with the Sudanese Sovereignty Council. However, political instability led to a vote of censure, replacing Azhari with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)
The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP; ), also referred to by itself as the Original Democratic Unionist Party, is a political party in Sudan, closely tied to the Khatmiyya Sufi order. Established in 1952 as the National Unionist Party (NUP), it is one of two political parties predating Sudan's independence, along with the Umma Party. Founded by Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani II's Khatmiyya order and Ismail al-Azhari's urban nationalist Ashigga Party (est. 1943), it is often considered Sudan's oldest political party. Having won a clear majority in Sudan's first parliamentary election, al-Azhari became Sudan's first prime minister, who in 1955 declared independence from colonial rule. The party broke apart in 1956, with the Khatmiyya order founding the new People's Democratic Party (PDP), but reunited in 1967, resulting in the current name. In 1986, DUP leader Ahmed al-Mirghani became President of Sudan until ousted by Omar al-Bashir's military coup in 1989. While the party's of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Al-Azhari
Ismail al-Azhari (; October 20, 1900 – August 26, 1969) was a Sudanese nationalist and political figure. He served as the first Prime Minister of Sudan between 1954 and 1956, and as List of heads of state of Sudan, Head of State of Sudan from 1965 until he was overthrown by Gaafar Nimeiry in 1969. He was president of the National Unionist Party (now the Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan), Democratic Unionist Party) when the unionist parties united under his leadership. In 1954 he was elected prime minister from within the parliament and under the influence of the growing sense of the need for independence of Sudan and before the union discussion with Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt. With the support of the independent movement, he submitted the proposal to declare independence to parliament. He assumed the post of president of the Council of Sovereignty after the revolution of October 1964 during the second period of democracy. He was arrested during the 1969 Sudanese coup d'état, May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa Al-Hassan (; 1 January 1919 – 18 February 2006) was a Sudanese politician, ambassador and an elite educator, who served as the 4th Prime Minister of Sudan. He was famous for his great legacy in education and founding prints for Ministry of Education in Sudan, and as the executive Prime Minister in the October Regime. Al-Khalifa had a socialist orientation and was therefore sympathetic to the Simba, who had embraced communism. Early life and education Al-Khalifa was born in Ed Dueim to Al-Khalifa Hassan Ahmed and Nafisa Al-Fakki Alabead. Descending from the Al Jalain tribe, his father migrated from Shendi to Ed Dueim and was appointed as khalifa of the Khatmiyya Sufi order. In the early 1920s he attained his primary education at Ed Dueim Rural School and Berber Intermediate School. In 1937 he graduated from Gordon Memorial College studying Teachers Education. Al-Khalifa became a teacher at Bakht Arrida in 1938 and worked there until 1944 when he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1958 Sudanese Coup D'état
The 1958 Sudanese coup d'état was a bloodless military coup which took place in Sudan on 17 November 1958. The coup was effectively a self-coup, orchestrated by Prime Minister Abdallah Khalil (in office since 1956), against the civilian government formed following the 1958 parliamentary election. The government was a coalition between Khalil's National Umma Party (NUP) and the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Khalil simultaneously served as Minister of Defence in the government. The United States and the United Kingdom were aware of the plot. The coup occurred on the day parliament was to convene. Khalil, himself a retired army general, planned the coup in conjunction with leading NUP members and the army's two senior generals, Ibrahim Abboud and Ahmad Abd al-Wahab, who became leaders of the new military regime. Khalil was not allowed to participate in the new government and was retired on a pension. See also * History of Sudan#Independent Sudan (1956 to present) Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Abboud
Ibrahim Abboud (; 26 October 1900 – 8 September 1983) was a Sudanese military officer and political figure who served as the head of state of Sudan between 1958 and 1964 and as President of Sudan in 1964; however, he soon resigned, ending Sudan's first period of military rule. A career soldier, Abboud served in World War II in Egypt and Iraq. In 1949, Abboud became the deputy Commander in Chief of the Sudanese military. Upon independence, Abboud became the Commander in Chief of the Military of Sudan. Early life and early career Ibrahim Abboud was born 26 October 1900 in Mohammed-Gol, near the old port city of Suakin on the Red Sea. He trained as an engineer at the Gordon Memorial College and at the Military College in Khartoum. He received a commission in the Egyptian Army in 1918 and transferred to the Sudan Defence Force in 1925, after its creation separate from the Egyptian army. During World War II he served in Eritrea, in Ethiopia, with the Sudan Defence Force, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its sovereignty ( self-governance) over its perceived homeland to create a nation-state. It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history, and to promote national unity or solidarity. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
