Podostemaceae

	Podostemaceae Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Distribution and habitat They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Many species are found in a very small geographic area, often even just a single river or waterfall. Because of their small range, many species are seriously threatened, especially from habitat loss (for example, due to dams flooding their habitat). Riverweeds adhere to hard surfaces (generally rock) in rapids and waterfalls of rivers. They are submerged when water levels are high, but during the dry season they live a terrestrial existence, flowering at this time. Their root anatomy is specialized for the purpose of clinging to rocks, and in fact details of the root structure are one of the ways of classifying riverweeds. Ecology In many rivers, Podostemaceae are an important food source for a wide range of animals. For example, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Malpighiales The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest Order (biology), orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, Viola (plant), violets, aspens and Populus, poplars, Euphorbia pulcherrima, poinsettia, Rafflesia arnoldii, corpse flower, Coca, coca plant, Manihot esculenta, cassava, Linum usitatissimum, flaxseed, Ricinus communis, castor bean, Hypericum perforatum, Saint John's wort, Passiflora edulis, passionfruit, Garcinia mangostana, mangosteen, and Hippomane mancinella, manchineel tree. The order is not part of any of the Systematics, classification systems based only on plant morphology and the relationships of its diverse members can be hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (mya (unit), Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya. The Malpighiales contain about 36 families and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Castelnavia ''Castelnavia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Podostemaceae. Its native range is Brazil. Species: ''Castelnavia cuneifolia'' ''Castelnavia fimbriata'' ''Castelnavia fluitans'' ''Castelnavia lindmaniana'' ''Castelnavia monandra'' ''Castelnavia multipartita'' ''Castelnavia noveloi'' ''Castelnavia orthocarpa'' ''Castelnavia pendulosa'' ''Castelnavia princeps'' ''Castelnavia pusillina'' ''Castelnavia serpens'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q9703658 Podostemaceae Podostemaceae genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Apinagia ''Apinagia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Podostemaceae. Its native range is Southern Tropical America. Species: ''Apinagia aripecuruensis'' ''Apinagia arminensis'' ''Apinagia batrachiifolia'' ''Apinagia brejoagrestinensis'' ''Apinagia brevicaulis'' ''Apinagia crispa'' ''Apinagia digitata'' ''Apinagia dissecta'' ''Apinagia divaricata'' ''Apinagia flexuosa'' ''Apinagia fluitans'' ''Apinagia fucoides'' ''Apinagia gardneriana'' ''Apinagia glaziovii'' ''Apinagia goejei'' ''Apinagia guairaensis'' ''Apinagia guyanensis'' ''Apinagia hulkiana'' ''Apinagia itanensis'' ''Apinagia kochii'' ''Apinagia latifolia'' ''Apinagia leptophylla'' ''Apinagia longifolia'' ''Apinagia marowynensis'' ''Apinagia membranacea'' ''Apinagia multibranchiata'' ''Apinagia petiolata'' ''Apinagia platystigma'' ''Apinagia pusilla'' ''Apinagia richardiana'' ''Apinagia ruppioides'' ''Apinagia spruceana'' ''Apinagia staheliana' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Angolaea ''Angolaea fluitans'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Podostemaceae. It is the sole species in genus ''Angolaea''. It is an aquatic plant (helophyte) native to Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ... and the Central African Republic. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16480672, from2=Q15387665 Podostemaceae Podostemaceae genera Monotypic Malpighiales genera Flora of Angola Flora of the Central African Republic Plants described in 1873 Taxa named by Hugh Algernon Weddell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tometes ''Tometes'' is a genus of fish in the family Serrasalmidae found in fast-flowing rivers in northern South America. Adults of all seven species in this genus are phytophagous, feeding primarily on aquatic plants in the family Podostemaceae. The genus name ''Tometes'' was coined in 1850 by Valenciennes in reference to the incisiform teeth. When the type species of the genus, ''T. trilobatus'', was described in 1850, it was placed in synonym with ''Myleus setiger'', the type species of the genus '' Myleus'', which is why ''Tometes'' and ''Myleus'' were considered to be the same genus for a long time. It was just later that the two genera were revalitated and other specimen could be categorized in the genus ''Tometes''. Taxonomy Even today the taxonomic classification of the Serrasalmidae is not an easy task. Many names are placed in synonymy due to a lack of information and insufficient data bases. It was not long ago when it was discovered that ''Tometes'' and '' Myleus'' are tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Autana (plant) ''Autana andersonii'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Podostemaceae. It is the sole species in genus ''Autana''. It is an aquatic subshrub endemic to Venezuela.''Autana andersonii'' C.T.Philbrick '' Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ... ''. Retrieved 17 April 2024. References {{taxonbar, from=Q20643949, from2=Q18119816 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Serrasalmid The Serrasalmidae (serrasalmids) are a family of characiform fishes native to freshwater habitats of South America. They include more than 90 species. The name means "serrated salmon family", which refers to the serrated keel running along the belly of these fish. Fish classified as Serrasalmidae are also known by these common names: pacu, piranha, and silver dollar. These common names generally designate differing dental characteristics and feeding habits. Description Serrasalmids are medium- to large-sized characiform bony fishes that reach about long, generally characterized by a deep, laterally compressed body with a series of midventral abdominal spines or scutes, and a long dorsal fin (over 16 rays). Most species also possess an anteriorly directed spine just before the dorsal fin extending from a supraneural bone; exceptions include members of the genera '' Colossoma'', '' Piaractus'', and '' Mylossoma''. Most serrasalmids have about 60 chromosomes, ranging fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsule (fruit), capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits). According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales. One feature which is sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g., Malpighiaceae), is providing pollinators with "pollination rewards" other than pollen or nectar; specifically, some species offer resin, which certain bees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward). Taxonomic history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Utiaritichthys ''Utiaritichthys'' is a genus of serrasalmid fish found in the Amazon Basin, Amazon and Orinoco basins in tropical South America. The adults are typically found in rapidly flowing water where they feed on aquatic plants in the family Podostemaceae and filamentous algae. They reach up to in Fish measurement, standard length. The monophyly and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic position of the genus is not fully resolved. The only clear difference from ''Myloplus'' is the comparatively longer body of ''Utiaritichthys''. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * ''Utiaritichthys esguiceroi'' Thiago N. A. Pereira, Pereira & Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro, R. M. C. Castro, 2014 * ''Utiaritichthys longidorsalis'' Michel Jégu, Jégu, Luis Tito de Morais, Tito de Morais & Geraldo Mendes dos Santos, dos Santos, 1992 * ''Utiaritichthys sennaebragai'' Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro, A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937 References Serrasalmidae Characiformes genera Freshw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ossubtus ''Ossubtus'' is a genus of fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It contains a single species, ''Ossubtus xinguense'', the parrot pacu or eaglebeak pacu, The species is endemic to rapids in the Xingu River basin in the Brazilian Amazon. This vulnerable species is primarily a herbivore. Description The body of ''Ossubtus xinguense'' is ovoid in shape. The profile of the snout is blunt. In young fish, the mouth is terminal (pointing forward); however, as the fish grows, the mouth turns downward and becomes strictly ventral in individuals longer than . This gives the mouth a beak-like appearance. It reaches up to in total length and about in weight. Range and habitat ''Ossubtus xinguense'' is restricted to rapids in the Xingu River basin in the Brazilian Amazon. It has been confirmed from Volta Grande do Xingu in the lower Xingu River and lower Iriri River near its confluence with Xingu, but possibly also occurs further upstream on these rivers (perhaps as far as São Félix do X ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mylesinus ''Mylesinus'' is a genus of serrasalmids from South America, where found in the eastern Amazon, Essequibo and Orinoco basins. They are rheophilic, typically found at rapids and mainly feed on Podostemaceae plants. Because of their habitat preference, they are threatened by the building of dams. They reach up to in standard length, and the adult males have a double-lobed anal fin and several filamentous extensions on the dorsal fin. Species There are three recognized species: * '' Mylesinus paraschomburgkii'' Jégu, dos Santos & E. J. G. Ferreira, 1989 * '' Mylesinus paucisquamatus'' Jégu & dos Santos, 1988 * '' Mylesinus schomburgkii'' Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ..., 1850 References Serrasalmidae Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Habitat Destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease in biodiversity and species numbers. Habitat destruction is in fact the leading cause of biodiversity loss and species extinction worldwide. Humans contribute to habitat destruction through the use of natural resources, agriculture, industrial production and urbanization (urban sprawl). Other activities include mining, logging and trawling. Environmental factors can contribute to habitat destruction more indirectly. Geological processes, climate change, introduction of invasive species, ecosystem nutrient depletion, water and noise pollution are some examples. Loss of habitat can be preceded by an initial habitat fragmentation. Fragmentation and loss of habitat have become one of the most important topics of research in ecology as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

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