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Plyscraper
A plyscraper, or timber tower is a skyscraper made (at least partly) of wood. They may alternatively be known as mass timber buildings. Materials There are four main types of engineered wood used for mass timber including cross-laminated timber (CLT), glued laminated timber (glulam), laminated strand lumber (LSL), and laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Of these three wood systems, CLT is the most commonly used. When other materials, such as concrete or steel, are used in conjunction with engineered wood, these plyscrapers are called “hybrids”. For hybrid buildings, there are some approaches to how different materials can be used including the “Cree’s System” which was developed by Cree Buildings, and the “Finding the Forest Through the Trees" (FFTT) construction model” developed by Michael Green. Cree’s System combines the use of concrete and wood mainly in its hybrid flooring systems. In some instances, concrete can also be used as a core or for the foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mass Timber
Engineered wood, also called mass timber, composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite material. The panels vary in size but can range upwards of and in the case of cross-laminated timber (CLT) can be of any thickness from a few inches to or more. These products are engineered to precise design specifications, which are tested to meet national or international standards and provide uniformity and predictability in their structural performance. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Engineered Wood
Engineered wood, also called mass timber, composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite material. The panels vary in size but can range upwards of and in the case of cross-laminated timber (CLT) can be of any thickness from a few inches to or more. These products are engineered to precise design specifications, which are tested to meet national or international standards and provide uniformity and predictability in their structural performance. Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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W350 Project
The W350 Project is a proposed wooden skyscraper in central Tokyo, Japan, announced in 2018. The skyscraper is set to reach a height of 350 meters with 70 floors, which upon its completion will make it the tallest wooden skyscraper, as well as Japan's highest, over all, skyscraper. The skyscraper is set to be a mixed-used building including residential, office and retail space. Description It is supposed to be made of 90% wood and the rest being steel, steel braces will be used to enhance resistance to wind and earthquakes due to the area's high seismic activity. Wood was chosen since timber-based structures have proven to be very resistant to earthquakes. The project requires 185,000 cubic meters of timber (or 6.5 million cubic feet), and plans to revitalize forestry and timber demand in Japan. The choice of wood, aside from its aesthetics, is part of a larger movement aiming to "change cities into forests". Wooden structures are also easier to rebuild or replace than concrete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cross-laminated Timber
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) (a sub-category of engineered wood) is a wood panel product made from gluing together at least three layers of solid-sawn lumber, i.e., lumber cut from a single log. Each layer of boards is usually oriented perpendicular to adjacent layers and glued on the wide faces of each board, usually in a symmetric way so that the outer layers have the same orientation. An odd number of layers is most common, but there are configurations with even numbers as well (which are then arranged to give a symmetric configuration). Regular timber is an anisotropic material, meaning that the physical properties change depending on the direction at which the force is applied. By gluing layers of wood at right angles, the panel is able to achieve better structural rigidity in both directions. It is similar to plywood but with distinctively thicker laminations (or lamellae). CLT is distinct from glued laminated timber (known as glulam), which is a product with all lamination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-rise buildings. Historically, the term first referred to buildings with between 10 and 20 stories when these types of buildings began to be constructed in the 1880s. Skyscrapers may host offices, hotels, residential spaces, and retail spaces. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel frame that supports curtain walls. These curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a steel frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers' walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterised by large surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Mjøstårnet
Mjøstårnet is an 18-storey mixed-use building in Brumunddal, Norway, completed in March 2019. It is officially the world's tallest timber building, at tall. Mjøstårnet translates as "the tower of lake Mjøsa". The building is named after Norway's biggest lake, which is 100km away from Oslo. Mjøstårnet has a combined floor area of around . The building offers a hotel, apartments, offices, a restaurant and common areas, as well as a swimming hall in the adjacent first-floor extension. This is about in size and also built in wood. Mjøstårnet was designed by Norwegian studio Voll Arkitekter for AB Invest. Timber structures were installed by Norwegian firm Moelven Limtre, including load-bearing structures in glued laminated timber. Cross laminated timber were used for stairwells, elevator shafts and balconies. As the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems of Mjøstårnet are constructed from timber, the building is considered an all-timb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Glued Laminated Timber
Glued laminated timber, commonly referred to as glulam, is a type of structural engineered wood product constituted by layers of dimensional lumber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives so that all of the grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis. In North America, the material providing the laminations is termed ''laminating stock'' or ''lamstock''. History The principles of glulam construction are believed to date back to the 1860s, in the assembly room of King Edward VI College, a school in Southampton, England. The first patent however emerged in 1901 when Otto Karl Freidrich Hetzer, a carpenter from Weimar, Germany, patented this method of construction. Approved in Switzerland, Hetzer’s patent explored creating a straight beam out of several laminations glued together. In 1906 he received a patent in Germany for curved sections of glulam. Other countries in Europe soon began approving patents and by 1922, glulam had been used in 14 cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Skyscraper Design And Construction
The design and construction of skyscrapers involves creating safe, habitable spaces in very high buildings. The buildings must support their weight, resist wind and earthquakes, and protect occupants from fire. Yet they must also be conveniently accessible, even on the upper floors, and provide utilities and a comfortable climate for the occupants. The problems posed in skyscraper design are considered among the most complex encountered given the balances required between economics, engineering, and construction management. Basic design considerations Good structural design is important in most building designs, but particularly for skyscrapers since even a small chance of catastrophic failure is unacceptable given the high prices of construction and potential risk to human life on a massive scale, as seen in the Surfside condominium collapse of 2021. This presents a paradox to civil engineers: the only way to assure a lack of failure is to test for all modes of failure, in bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Brumunddal
Brumunddal is a town in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located on the shores of the lake Mjøsa, about north of the town of Hamar. The town is a small, densely populated area surrounded by countryside and farms. It is situated at the mouth of river Brumunda, running from the highlands into lake Mjøsa. Brumunddal Church is located in the village. The town has a population (2021) of 11,019 and a population density of . This makes it the largest settlement in all of Ringsaker municipality. The dominant industries are agriculture, ore refining, and tourism. Tine also has a large production facility in the town. Brumunddal is the hometown of the woman behind one of Norway's most popular frozen pizza brands, Grandiosa. The local football team is Brumunddal Fotball. Mjøstårnet, the world's tallest glulam structure, an 18-storey building, is in Brumunddal. Notable people * See also *Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Skyline
A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city’s overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land. City skylines serve as a pseudo- fingerprint as no two skylines are alike. For this reason, news and sports programs, television shows, and movies often display the skyline of a city to set a location. The term ''The Sky Line of New York City'' was first introduced in 1896, when it was the title of a color lithograph by Charles Graham for the color supplement of the '' New York Journal''. Paul D. Spreiregen, FAIA, has called a ityskyline "a physical representation f a city'sfacts of life ... a potential work of art ... its collective vista." Features High-rise buildings High-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, are the fundamental feature of urban skylines. Both contours and cladding (brick or glass) make an impact on the overall appearanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ascent MKE
Ascent MKE is a mass timber hybrid high-rise apartment building in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee i .... The 284-foot (87 meter), 25-story high-rise is the world's tallest mass timber structure, edging out Norway's Mjøstårnet. It features 259 luxury apartments, retail space, an elevated pool with operable window walls, and a sky-deck. In May 2019, Ascent was named a recipient of a U.S. Department of Agriculture grant awarded through the Forest Service's Wood Innovations Grant program. The federal grant assisted with the testing needed to prove mass timber's ability to perform as well as traditional building materials like concrete and steel to meet U.S. building codes. Plans for the project were unveiled in 2018. While the initial design inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |