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Planctomycetota
The Planctomycetota are a phylum of widely distributed bacteria, occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. They play a considerable role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, with many species of this phylum capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox. Many Planctomycetota occur in relatively high abundance as biofilms, often associating with other organisms such as macroalgae and marine sponges. Planctomycetota are included in the PVC superphylum along with Verrucomicrobiota, Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Kiritimatiellaeota, and ''Candidatus'' ''Omnitrophica''. The phylum Planctomycetota is composed of the classes Planctomycetia and Phycisphaerae. First described in 1924, members of the Planctomycetota were identified as eukaryotes and were only later described as bacteria in 1972. Early examination of members of the Planctomycetota suggested a cell plan differing considerably from other bacteria, although they are now confirmed as Gram-negative ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemmata Obscuriglobus
''Gemmata obscuriglobus'' is a species of Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetota. ''G. obscuriglobus'' occur in freshwater habitats and was first described in 1984, and is the only described species in its genus. ''G. obscuriglobus'' is exceptional for its unusual morphology and for the unusual features in its genome, often considered to represent large differences in internal organization compared with most prokaryotes Structure and Morphology Cell shape and appendages ''G. obscuriglobus'' is a large, roughly spherical bacterium with a cell diameter of 1–2μm. It is motile and possesses multiple flagella per cell. Internal cell composition Dense, compact DNA and a deeply invaginated membrane are characteristics of the species. Membrane structure Among the most notable features of ''G. obscuriglobus'' is its highly complex and morphologically distinctive cell membrane system, including deep invaginations of its membrane that histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PVC Superphylum
The PVC is a superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota. Cavalier-Smith postulated that the PVC bacteria probably lost or reduced their peptidoglycan cell wall twice. It has been hypothesised that a member of the PVC clade might have been the host cell in the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the first proto-eukaryotic cell. Cavalier-Smith calls the same group Planctobacteria and considers it a phylum. However, this is not followed by the larger scientific community. In the Cavalier-Smith bacterial megaclassification, it is within the bacterial Gracilicutes infra-kingdom and comprises the phyla Chlamydiota, Lentisphaerota, Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota. Molecular signatures Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Chlamydiota in the traditional molecular phylogeny view are considered as phyla and also cluster together in the PVC superphylum, along with the candidate phyla Omnitrophica (prev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anammox
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. In the anammox reaction, nitrite and ammonium ions are converted directly into diatomic nitrogen and water. The bacteria that perform the anammox process are genera that belong to the bacterial phylum Planctomycetota. The anammox bacteria all possess one anammoxosome, a lipid bilayer membrane-bound compartment inside the cytoplasm in which the anammox process takes place. The anammoxosome membranes are rich in ladderane lipids; the presence of these lipids is so far unique in biology. "Anammox" is also the trademarked name for an anammox-based ammonium removal technology developedJetten Michael Silvester Maria, Van Loosdrecht Marinus Corneli; Technische Universiteit Delftpatent WO9807664/ref> b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brocadiae
"''Candidatus'' Brocadia" is a ''candidatus'' genus of bacteria, meaning that while it is well-characterized, it has not been grown as a pure culture yet. Due to this, much of what is known about ''Candidatus'' species (including Brocadia) has been discovered using culture-independent techniques such as metagenomic sequence analysis. Some notable species within this genus include the type species, ''Candidatus'' Brocadia anammoxidans, along with ''Candidatus'' Brocadia sinica and ''Candidatus'' Brocadia fulgida. Many of the species in this genus, including those already listed, are capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox, an important part of the global nitrogen cycle. Anammox works by converting fixed nitrogen back into N2 gas in the atmosphere. Anammox bacteria have a unique, membrane-bound organelle where this anammox process takes place—it is called the anammoxosome. Phylogeny Phylogeny based on GTDB 09-RS220 by Genome Taxonomy Database Stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydiota
The Chlamydiota (synonym Chlamydiae) are a bacterial phylum and class whose members are remarkably diverse, including pathogens of humans and animals, symbionts of ubiquitous protozoa, and marine sediment forms not yet well understood. All of the Chlamydiota that humans have known about for many decades are obligate intracellular bacteria; in 2020 many additional Chlamydiota were discovered in ocean-floor environments, and it is not yet known whether they all have hosts. Of various Chlamydiota that cause human disease, the two most important species are '' Chlamydia pneumoniae'', which causes a type of pneumonia, and ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', which causes chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States, and 2.86 million chlamydia infections are reported annually. Biology Ecology and life cycle Among the Chlamydiota, all of the ones long known to science grow only by infecting eukaryotic host cells. They are as sma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phycisphaerae
Phycisphaerae is a class of aquatic bacteria. They reproduce by budding and are found in samples of algae in marine water. Organisms in this group are spherical and have a holdfast, at the tip of a thin cylindrical extension from the cell body called the stalk, at the nonreproductive end that helps them to attach to each other during budding. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) See also * List of bacteria genera * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16 ... References Environmental microbiology Planctomycetota Bacteria classes {{bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planctomycetia
Planctomycetia is a class of aquatic bacteria. Phylogeny See also * List of bacteria genera * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16 ... References Planctomycetota Bacteria classes {{bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-positive Bacteria
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall. The Gram stain is used by microbiologists to place bacteria into two main categories, gram-positive (+) and gram-negative (−). Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan within the cell wall, and gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain used in the test, resulting in a purple color when observed through an optical microscope. The thick layer of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it has been fixed in place by iodine. During the decolorization step, the decolorizer removes crystal violet from all other cells. Conversely, gram-negative bacteria cannot retain the violet stain after the decolorization step; alcohol used in this stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative Bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the Crystal violet, crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan gram-negative cell wall, cell wall sandwiched between an inner (Cytoplasm, cytoplasmic) Cell membrane, membrane and an Bacterial outer membrane, outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth. Within this category, notable species include the model organism ''Escherichia coli'', along with various pathogenic bacteria, such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', and ''Yersinia pestis''. They pose significant challenges in the medical field due to their outer membrane, which acts as a protective barrier against numerous Antibiotic, antibiotics (including penicillin), Detergent, detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Prokaryotic Names With Standing In Nomenclature
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. The database was curated from 1997 to June 2013 by Jean P. Euzéby. From July 2013 to January 2020, LPSN was curated by Aidan C. Parte. In February 2020, a new version of LPSN was published as a service of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, thereby also integrating the Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date service and since 2022 LPSN is interconnected with the Type (Strain) Genome Server (TYGS), DSMZ's high-throughput platform for accurate genome-based taxonomy. See also * Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data References External links List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
