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Pipidae
The Pipidae are a family (biology), family of primitive, tongueless frogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical South America (genus ''Pipa'') and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera). Description Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a lateral line system is present in adults. In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from in body length. Taxonomy Morphological data suggest that ''Xenopus'' is the sister-group of all other pipids, whereas molecular data consistently suggest that ''Pipa (frog), Pipa'' is the sister-group of other pipids. Family Pipidae * ''Hymenochirus'' - dwarf clawed frogs (4 species) * ''Pipa (frog), Pipa'' - Surinam toads (7 species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipa (frog)
Suriname toads are members of the frog genus ''Pipa'', within the family Pipidae. They are native to northern South America and extreme southern Central America (Panama). Like other pipids, these frogs are almost exclusively aquatic. Species There are seven recognized species: * ''Pipa arrabali'' Izecksohn, 1976 – Arrabal's Surinam toad * ''Pipa aspera'' Müller, 1924 – Albina Surinam toad * ''Pipa carvalhoi'' (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) – Carvalho's Surinam toad * ''Pipa myersi'' Trueb, 1984 – Myers' Surinam toad * ''Pipa parva'' Ruthven and Gaige, 1923 – Sabana Surinam toad * ''Pipa pipa'' (Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758) – Surinam toad * ''Pipa snethlageae'' Müller, 1914 – Utinga Surinam toad In addition, ''Pipa verrucosa'' Wiegmann, 1832 is included here ''incertae sedis''. Ecology and behavior Life cycle During reproduction the female Pipa frog will rise to the surface of the water with the male and after a series of movements the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough skin texture due to wart-like parotoid glands tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal and purely cosmetic, not from taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest and associated wetlands. They account for around 88% of extant amphibian species, and are one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar (250Myr, million years ago), but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their divergent evolution, divergence from other amphibians may exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudhymenochirus
Merlin's dwarf gray frog (''Pseudhymenochirus merlini''), or Merlin's clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Pseudhymenochirus''. It is found in southern Guinea-Bissau, western Guinea, and southern Sierra Leone. Taxonomy and evolution Genus ''Pseudhymenochirus'' has also been placed as a subgenus in ''Hymenochirus'' ( African dwarf frogs), although it is geographically widely separated from that genus. At any rate, these two genera are probably sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...s. In most species in the family Pipidae, sound production occurs without externally visible movements of the flanks or throat and is based on a different mechanism than in anurans in general. This is interpreted as an adaptat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipimorpha
Pipoidea are a clade of frogs, that contains the most recent common ancestor of living Pipidae and Rhinophrynidae as well as all its descendants. It is broadly equivalent to Xenoanura. Description The synapomorphies that define Pipoidea are the absence of mentomeckelian bones, absence of lateral alae of the parasphenoid, fusion of the frontoparietals into an azygous element, greatly enlarged otic capsules, and a tadpole with paired spiracles and which lacks beaks and denticles. Later genetic work has supported Pipoidea as a monophyletic group. Taxonomy In 1993 Pipoidea was defined by Ford and Cannatella as a node-based taxon. It has variously been defined as a suborder (original definition), superfamily, or an unranked clade. There is no single, authoritative higher-level classification of frogs, and Vitt and Caldwell (2014) use name Xenoanura for a similar clade, skipping Pipoidea altogether, as did Frost ''et al.'' (2006). The oldest record of the group is '' Rha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurana
''Silurana'' is a subgenus of frogs in the family Pipidae. They are closely related the clawed frog subgenus, ''Xenopus ''Xenopus'' () (Gk., ξενος, ''xenos'' = strange, πους, ''pous'' = foot, commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently described with ...''. Species * Cameroon clawed frog (''S. epitropicalis'') * Tropical clawed frog (''S. tropicalis'') External links Pipidae Amphibian genera Taxa named by John Edward Gray Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Pipidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltenia
''Saltenia'' is an extinct genus of frogs. It was assigned to the family Pipidae by R. L. Carroll in 1988 and again in 2005 by A. M. Báez and T. Harrison. The single described species, ''Saltenia ibanezi'', is thought to have lived in South America in the Late Cretaceous. Its closest living relative are the frogs in the genus ''Silurana''. Fossils of ''Saltenia'' have been found in the Campanian Las Curtiembres Formation of Argentina.''Saltenia'' at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
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Singidella
''Singidella'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frog from the Eocene of Tanzania. There is currently only one described species, ''S. latecostata''. Its generic name is derived from Singida, the city near which the only known specimens were found, and the specific name translates as "wide ribs" from Latin. It is a member of the family Pipidae The Pipidae are a family (biology), family of primitive, tongueless frogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical South America (genus ''Pipa'') and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera). Description Pipid frogs are highly ... and is closely related to the extant African dwarf frogs (''Hymenochirus'') and Merlin's dwarf gray frog (''Pseudohymenochirus'') and the Cretaceous frog '' Pachycentrata'' of Niger. Adult individuals were estimated at 41-45 mm in length from snout to vent. It inhabited a maar lake deposited in what is now the Mahenge Formation. References See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycentrata
''Pachycentrata'' is an extinct genus of frogs. ''Pachycentrata'' fossils have been found in the In Beceten Formation located in Tahoua, Niger. A. M. Báez and J.-C. Rage. 1998. Pipid frogs from the Upper Cretaceous of In Beceten, Niger. Palaeontology 41(4):669-691 The fossils have been dated to the late/upper Coniacian to Santonian periods. It is estimated to have snout-vent length about . The original phylogenetic analysis suggested that it was more closely related to ''Pipa'' than to ''Xenopus ''Xenopus'' () (Gk., ξενος, ''xenos'' = strange, πους, ''pous'' = foot, commonly known as the clawed frog) is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently described with ...'', and a recent phylogenetic supports this conclusion in an unconstrained phylogenetic analysis, but constraining for the topology obtained by molecular studies yields less resolved results that place ''Pachycentrata'' in an unresolved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llankibatrachus
''Llankibatrachus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs in the family Pipidae. They are known from the Ypresian ( Casamayoran) Huitrera Formation of Argentina. Description The type species and the only known species, ''Llankibatrachus truebae'', is named after Linda Trueb, a herpetologist from the University of Kansas. The species is known from two deposits near the Nahuel Huapi Lake in north-western Patagonia, Argentina. The finds include nearly complete specimens with impressions of skin, and individuals of different developmental stages, including tadpole A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the Larva, larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully Aquatic animal, aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial animal, ...s. See also * Prehistoric amphibian * List of prehistoric amphibians References † Paleogene amphibians Eocene animals of South America Casamayoran Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelania
''Shelania'' is an extinct genus of frogs that lived in South America during the Eocene. Its type species is ''Shelania pascuali''. Fossils of ''Shelania'' have been found in the Mustersan Vaca Mahuida and Laguna del Hunco Formations of Argentina. ''Shelania'' is the type taxon of the Shelaniinae, which was erected for an unranked clade (defined in the context of phylogenetic nomenclature, although not in conformity with the PhyloCode, which was implemented later) that also includes the early anurans ''Saltenia'', ''Kuruleufenia'', and ''Patagopipa''. A more recent phylogenetic analysis further suggested that ''Shelania'' is more closely related to Pipidae The Pipidae are a family (biology), family of primitive, tongueless frogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical South America (genus ''Pipa'') and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera). Description Pipid frogs are highly ... than to Palaeobatrachus, and that the second species previously attribute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Beceten Formation
The In Beceten Formation, also Beceten or Ibecten is a Coniacian to Santonian geologic formation in the Iullemmeden Basin of Niger. It has yielded a diverse fauna and some angiosperms. Among others, it has yielded polypterifoms, urodeles, anurans, and turtles. Dinosaur remains are among the other fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607. The lithology primarily consists of clays, fine limestones and sandy clays. Fossil content The following fossils have been reported from the formation: at .org ;Fish: * '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongue
The tongue is a Muscle, muscular organ (anatomy), organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for chewing and swallowing as part of the digestive system, digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste buds housed in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva and is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. The tongue also serves as a natural means of cleaning the teeth. A major function of the tongue is to enable speech in humans and animal communication, vocalization in other animals. The human tongue is divided into two parts, an oral cavity, oral part at the front and a pharynx, pharyngeal part at the back. The left and right sides are also separated along most of its length by a vertical section of connective tissue, fibrous tissue (the lingual septum) that results in a groove, the median sulcus, on the tongue's surface. There are two groups of glossal muscles. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
