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Phoridae
The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by their escape habit of running rapidly across a surface rather than taking flight. This behaviour is a source of one of their alternate names, scuttle fly. Another vernacular name, coffin fly, refers to '' Conicera tibialis''. About 4,000 species are known in 230 genera. The most well-known species is cosmopolitan '' Megaselia scalaris''. At 0.4 mm in length, the world's smallest fly is the phorid '' Euryplatea nanaknihali''. Description Phorid flies are minute or small – 0.5–6 mm (– in) in length. When viewed from the side, a pronounced hump to the thorax is seen. Their colours range from usually black or brown to more rarely yellow, orange, pale grey, and pale white. The head is usually rounded and in some species narrowed towards the vertex. The vertex is flat. In some species, the ocellar callus is swollen and highly raised above the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metopininae
The Metopininae are a subfamily of flies in the family Phoridae. Taxonomy Tribe: Beckerinini *'' Beckerina'' Malloch, 1910 Tribe: Metopinini Peterson 1987 *'' Acanthophorides'' Borgmeier, 1924 *'' Acontistoptera'' Brues, 1902 *'' Apocephalus'' Coquillett, 1901 *'' Auxanommatidia'' Borgmeier, 1924 *'' Cataclinusa'' Schmitz, 1927 *'' Chonocephalus'' Wandolleck, 1898 *'' Commoptera'' Brues, 1901 *'' Cremersia'' Schmitz, 1924 *'' Dacnophora'' Borgmeier, 1961 *'' Diocophora'' Borgmeier, 1959 *'' Ecitomyia'' Brues, 1901 *'' Ecitoptera'' Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1923 *'' Gymnophora'' Macquart, 1835 *'' Kerophora'' Brown, 1988 *'' Lecanocerus'' Borgmeier, 1962 *'' Megaselia'' Rondani, 1856 *'' Melaloncha'' Brues, 1903 *'' Menozziola'' Schmitz, 1927 *'' Metopina'' Macquart, 1835 *'' Microselia'' Schmitz, 1934 *'' Myrmosicarius'' Borgmeier, 1928 *'' Neodohrniphora'' Malloch, 1914 *'' Pericyclocera'' Schmitz, 1927 *'' Phalacrotophora'' Enderlein, 1912 *'' Phymatopterella'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megaselia Scalaris
The fly ''Megaselia scalaris'' is a member of the order Diptera and the family Phoridae, and it is widely distributed in warm regions of the world. The family members are commonly known as the "humpbacked fly", the "coffin fly", and the "scuttle fly". The name "scuttle fly" derives from the jerky, short bursts of running, characteristic to the adult fly. The name "coffin fly" is due to their being found in coffins, digging six feet deep in order to reach buried corpses. It is one of the more common species found within the family Phoridae; more than 370 species have been identified within North America. Taxonomy ''Megaselia scalaris'' was described by the German entomologist Hermann Loew in 1866. Description Adults of this species are about 2 mm long and yellowish with dark markings. The labellum and labrum have trichoid and conical sensilla, and the labellum's ventral surface has five pairs of sharp teeth. The hind femur has hairs below its basal half and these are shorter t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megaselia Halterata
The mushroom phorid fly ''(Megaselia halterata)'' is a species of scuttle fly or hump-backed flies in the family Phoridae. "The mushroom phorid" is also used to refer to ''M. halterata''. ''Megaselia halterata'' is a common pest of mushroom cultivation, attracted by the aroma of developing fungal mycelium. The larvae damage both the mushroom mycelium and gill tissues. ''Megaslia halterata'' can be found worldwide. ''Megaselia halterata'' is an important pest of mushroom cultivation, capable of severely limiting mushroom yield. ''Megaselia'' are naturally infected by '' Howardula'' nematodes, however entomopathogenic nematodes do not readily control ''M. halterata.'' Physical appearance Adult mushroom phorid flies are 2-3mm in length with a blackish-brown color. Their antennae are short, with only three segments. Belonging to the "Hump-backed flies" (Phoridae The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudacteon
''Pseudacteon'' is a genus of flies in the family Phoridae. There are over 70 described species of ''Pseudacteon'' fly. They are also known as ant-decapitating flies due to their parasitic larval stage. An egg is injected by the female fly into the shoulder joint of an ant worker. Soon after, the egg undergoes rapid inflation as it appears to absorb ant hemolymph. This first instar larva migrates into the ant head and consumes the jaw muscle and other tissues, leaving the mandibles hanging and preparing a future exit space. After about two weeks, the ant worker is termed a "zombie" because the fly larva has effectively taken control. The worker leaves the nest and dies in the leaf litter or in a crack in the soil. As it dies, the ant's head falls off, apparently because the fly larva releases an enzyme that dissolves the membrane attaching the ant's head to its body. The fly pupates in the detached head capsule, requiring a further two weeks before emerging through the ant's mouth. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euryplatea Nanaknihali
''Euryplatea nanaknihali'' is the world's smallest fly, measuring in size. Due to its small size, the viscosity of air is problematic for the insect, and even the smallest air currents are a large impediment. Scientists expressed amazement that such a tiny animal could still have all the organs of a normal insect. They are believed to lay their eggs in the heads of small ''Crematogaster'' ants. The larva consumes the interior of the ant's head, within whose exoskeleton it pupates, before emerging as an adult. The species has been found in a number of national parks in Thailand. It is named after Nanak Nihal Weiss, a boy interested in insects who frequented the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the ecosphere or the universe as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the laws, elements and phenomena of the physical world, including life. Although humans are par ... with his father. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phorinae
Phorinae is a subfamily of flies in the family Phoridae. There are at least 90 described species in Phorinae. Genera *'' Abaristophora'' Schmitz, 1927 *'' Anevrina'' Lioy, 1864 *'' Borophaga'' Enderlein, 1924 *'' Chaetopleurophora'' Schmitz, 1922 *'' Conicera'' Meigen, 1830 *'' Coniceromyia'' Borgmeier, 1923 *'' Diplonevra'' Lioy, 1864 *'' Dohrniphora'' Dahl, 1898 *'' Hypocera'' Lioy, 1864 *'' Hypocerides'' Schmitz, 1915 *''Phora Marco Anthony Archer (born October 11, 1994), better known by his stage name Phora, is an American rapper and former tattoo artist from Anaheim, California. In 2011, he founded his own record label, Yours Truly. His debut studio album, '' Yours T ...'' Latreille, 1796 *'' Spiniphora'' Malloch, 1909 *'' Stichillus'' Enderlein, 1924 *'' Triphleba'' Rondani, 1856 References Further reading Diptera.infoNCBI Taxonomy Browser, Phorinae* Phoridae Brachycera subfamilies {{Platypezoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forensic Entomology
Forensic entomology is a branch of applied entomology that uses insects and other arthropods as a basis for legal evidence. Insects may be found on cadavers or elsewhere around crime scenes in the interest of forensic science. Forensic entomology is also used in cases of neglect and abuse of a property, as well as subjects of a toxicology analysis to detect drugs and incidents of food contamination. Therefore, forensic entomology is divided into three subfields: medico-legal/medico-criminal entomology, urban, and stored-product. The field revolves around studying the types of insects commonly found in and on the place of interest (such as cadavers), their life cycles, their presence in different environments, and how insect assemblages change with the progression of decomposition (the process of "succession"). Insect assemblages can help approximate a body's primary location, as some insects are unique to specific areas. In medico-criminal cases, the primary goal is ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, a paraphyletic group which Apocrita (wasps, bees and ants) evolved from), and flies (Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When consuming ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dead Body
A cadaver, often known as a corpse, is a dead human body. Cadavers are used by medical students, physicians and other scientists to study anatomy, identify disease sites, determine causes of death, and provide tissue to repair a defect in a living human being. Students in medical school study and dissect cadavers as a part of their education. Others who study cadavers include archaeologists and arts students. In addition, a cadaver may be used in the development and evaluation of surgical instruments. The term ''cadaver'' is used in courts of law (and, to a lesser extent, also by media outlets such as newspapers) to refer to a dead body, as well as by recovery teams searching for bodies in natural disasters. The word comes from the Latin word ''cadere'' ("to fall"). Related terms include ''cadaverous'' (resembling a cadaver) and ''cadaveric spasm'' (a muscle spasm causing a dead body to twitch or jerk). A cadaver graft (also called “postmortem graft”) is the grafting of tis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilization, fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to egg incubation, incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods, vertebrates (excluding live-bearing mammals), and Mollusca, mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions, do not. Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water and are surrounded by a protective eggshell, shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e., breaks out of the egg's shell. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth they use to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering. The largest recorded egg is from a whale shark and was in size. Whale shark eggs typically hatch within the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verticillium Dry Bubble
Verticillium dry bubble, recently named ''Lecanicillium fungicola'', is a mycoparasite that attacks white button mushrooms (''Agaricus bisporus''), among other hosts, during its generative period. ''L. fungicola'' infects the casing layer on the cap structure of several edible mushrooms. This fungal pathogen does not typically infect wild mushrooms, but more commonly cultivated mushrooms are infected such as ''A. bisporus'', which are typically grown in large quantities. Severity of disease depends on several factors, including timing of infection and environmental conditions. Dry bubble follows the typical verticillium life cycle, although insect vectors play a large role in the spread of this disease. Control for ''L. fungicola'' is limited, and strict measures must be taken to prevent the spread of infection. ''L. fungicola'' is a devastating pathogen in the mushroom industry and causes significant losses in the commercial production of its main host ''A. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
