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Persian-language Poets
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivative of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alpha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Iranian Languages
The Western Iranian languages or Western Iranic languages are a branch of the Iranian languages, attested from the time of Old Persian (6th century BC) and Median. Languages The traditional Northwestern branch is a convention for non-Southwestern languages, rather than a genetic group. The languages are as follows:Erik Anonby, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali & Amos Hayes (2019) ''The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI)''. Iranian Studies 52A Working Classification/ref> Old Iranian period * Northwest: Median†, etc. * Southwest: Old Persian†, etc. Middle Iranian period * Northwest: Parthian†, etc. * Southwest: Middle Persian†, etc Modern period (Neo-Iranian) * Northwestern Iranian ** Caspian *** Gorgani† *** Daylami† *** Gilaki (incl. Rudbari) *** Mazandarani (incl. Tabari, Shahmirzadi, Ilikaei, katuli) ** Semnani *** Semnani *** Sangisari *** Lasgerdi- Sorkhei (incl. Aftari) ** Adharic (Azaric) *** Old Adhari† **** Tatic ***** Talysh (north-central) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armeno-Tats
Armeno-Tats ( – ''hay-tater'') are a distinct group of Christian Tat-speaking Armenians that historically populated eastern parts of the South Caucasus, in what constitutes the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. Most scholars researching the Tat language, such as Boris Miller and Igrar Aliyev, agree that Armeno-Tats are ethnic Armenians who underwent a language shift and adopted Tat as their first language. This is explained on one hand by the self-identification of Armeno-Tats who stated during Miller's research that they consider themselves Armenian as well as by some linguistic features of their dialect.Boris Miller. ''Tats: Their Settlement and Dialects''. Azerbaijan Research and Study Society. Baku, 1929. The Armeno-Tats formerly lived in Madrasa and Kilvar in Azerbaijan, but have almost entirely moved to Armenia and Russia. History Adam Olearius travelled through the historical region of Shirvan (present-day central Azerbaijan) in 1637 and mentioned the existence of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judeo-Tat
Judeo-Tat or Juhuri (, , ) is a Judeo-Persian dialect and the traditional language spoken by the Mountain Jews in the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan, parts of Russia and today in Israel. It belongs to the southwestern group of the Iranian division of the Indo-European languages, albeit with heavy influence from Hebrew. The words ''Juhuri'' and ''Juhuro'' translate as "Jewish" and "Jews". The Iranic Tat language is spoken by the Muslim Tats of Azerbaijan, a group to which the Mountain Jews were mistakenly considered to belong during the era of Soviet historiography though the languages probably originated in the same region of the Persian Empire. Judeo-Tat features Semitic elements in all linguistic levels of the language. Uniquely, Judeo-Tat retains the voiced pharyngeal approximant, also known as ayin (ع/ע), a phoneme whose presence is considered to be a hallmark of Semitic languages such as Arabic and no longer found in Modern Hebrew; no neighb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehwari Language
Dehwari (, Dehwārī) is a southwestern Persian language spoken by 19,000 Dehwar people in Balochistan, Pakistan as of 2018. Most of the Dehwari speakers are concentrated in Mastung, Khuzdar, Nushk, Kharan, Sarlath District, Dalbandin, and Kalat. Influence on Brahui Dehwari was introduced to the Brahui in the seventeenth century and the modern-day language uses many Dehwari loanwords in its vocabulary. Brahui influence In turn, Brahui has heavily influenced the language, which has made Dehwari a Persian dialect containing heavy Brahui ( Dravidian) adstratum. This has made Dehwari speakers bilingual in both Dehwari and Brahui, and some in Balochi, Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ..., and even English. Drop in Speakers The drop of speakers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judeo-Persian
Judeo-Persian refers to both a group of Jewish dialects spoken by Jews and Judeo-Persian texts (written in Hebrew alphabet). As a collective term, Judeo-Persian refers to a number of Judeo-Iranian languages spoken by Jewish communities throughout the formerly extensive Persian Empire, including Iranian Jews, Mountain Jews, Afghan Jews, and Bukharan Jews. The speakers refer to their language as ''Fārsi''. Some non-Jews refer to it as "dzhidi" (also written as "zidi", "judi" or "jidi"), which means "Jewish" in a derogatory sense. Literature There is an extensive Judeo-Persian poetic religious literature, closely modeled on classical Persian poetry. The most famous poet was Shahin Shirazi, Mowlānā Shāhin-i Shirāzi (14th century CE), who composed epic versifications of parts of the Bible, such as the ''Musā-nāmah'' (an epic poem recounting the story of Moses); later poets composed lyric poetry in style of Persian mysticism. Much of this literature was collected around the beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimaq Dialect
Aimaq or Aimaqi () is the dominant eastern Persian language, Persian ethnolect spoken by the Aimaq people in central northwest Afghanistan (west of the Hazarajat) and eastern Iran. It is close to the Dari varieties of Persian. The Aimaq people are thought to have a 5–15% literacy rate. Dialects Subdialects of Aimaq dialect include: * Changezi * Firozkohi * Jamshidi * Maliki * Mizmast * Taimani * Timuri * Zainal * Zohri (also known as Zuri) Phonology Phonetically, as one of the eastern Persian dialects, the Aimaq dialect resembles a formal or classical form of Persian language, Persian. Vowels: * The "majhul" vowels ''ē'' / ''ī'' and ''ō'' / ''ū'' are still kept separate, whereas in western Persian they are merged as ''ī'' and ''ū'' respectively. For instance, the identically written words شیر 'lion' and 'milk' are in western Persian both pronounced [šīr], but in Aimaq [šēr] for 'lion' and [šīr] for 'milk'. The long vowel in زود 'quick' and زور 'strong' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazaragi Dialect
Hazaragi (; ) is an eastern dialect and variety of the Persian language that is spoken by the Hazara people. Classification Hazaragi is a member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is an eastern variety of Persian and closely related to Dari, one of the two official Languages of Afghanistan. The primary differences between Dari and Hazaragi are the accents Schurmann, Franz (1962) ''The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan'' Mouton, The Hague, Netherlands, page 17OCLC 401634/ref> and Hazaragi's greater array of many Turkic and Mongolic words and loanwords Despite these differences, the two dialects are mutually intelligible. In Daykundi (former Uruzgan), Hazaragi has a significant admixture of Turkic influence in the language via Karluk. Najib Mayel Heravi about Hazaragi dialect: "The Hazaragi variety of Persian possesses some of the most ancient and authentic features of the Persian langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahlavani Language
Pahlavani is an extinct variety of Persian that was spoken in Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde .... References Eastern Persian dialects in Afghanistan {{ie-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukharian (Judeo-Persian Dialect)
Bukharian, also known as Judeo-Bukharic and Judeo-Tajik (autonym: Bukhori, , , ', ), is a Judeo-Persian dialect historically spoken by the Bukharan Jews of Central Asia. It is a Jewish dialect derived from—and largely mutually intelligible with—the Eastern Persian varieties of Tajiki and Dari. History Historically, Bukharian was spoken by Jews in Central Asia.Birnbaum, Salomo A. 2011. ''Ein Leben für die Wissenschaft.'' Germany: De Gruyter. The language classification of Bukharian is as follows: Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > West Iranian > Southwest Iranian > Persian > Tajik > Bukharian. Bukhori is based on Classical Persian, with a large number of Hebrew and Aramaic loanwords. Over time, a small number of loanwords from other surrounding languages including Uzbek, Russian, and Arabic were added to the language. In 1987, the total number of speakers was 85,000. In the USSR, there were 45,000 speakers; in Israel, there were 32,000; and in all other count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Persian
Iranian Persian (), Western Persian or Western Farsi, natively simply known as Persian (), refers to the Variety (linguistics), varieties of the New Persian, Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by Iranian diaspora, Iranian communities throughout the world. These are intelligible with other varieties of Persian language, Persian, including Afghanistan's Dari and Tajikistan's Tajik language, Tajik. Persian or Farsi serves as the predominant and official spoken language in Iran, with 61.5 million mother tongue speakers in 2023 and 17.2 million second language speakers in 2021. Name Iran's national language has been called, apart from ''Persian'' or ''Farsi'', by names such as ''Iranian Persian'', ''Western Persian'' and ''Western Farsi'', exclusively. Officially, the national language of Iran is designated simply as ''Persian'' (, ).Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Chapter II, Article 15: "The official language and script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Persian
New Persian (), also known as Modern Persian () is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into three stages: Early New Persian (8th/9th centuries), Classical Persian (10th–18th centuries), and Contemporary Persian (19th century to present). Dari is a name given to the New Persian language since the 10th century, widely used in Arabic (see Istakhri, al-Maqdisi and ibn Hawqal) and Persian texts. Since 1964, Dari has been the official name in Afghanistan for the Persian spoken there. Classification New Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
