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Pearic Languages
The Pearic languages (alternatively called the Chongic languages) are a group of endangered languages of the Eastern Mon–Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, spoken by Pear people (the ''Por'', the ''Samré'', the ''Samray'', the ''Suoy'', and the ''Chong'') living in western Cambodia and eastern Thailand. Pearic languages are remnants of the aboriginal languages of much of Cambodia, but have dwindled in numbers due to assimilation. "Pear" is a pejorative term meaning 'slave' or 'caste'. Classification Paul Sidwell proposed the following classification of the Pearic languages in Sidwell (2009:137), synthesizing analyses from Headley (1985), Choosri (2002), Martin (1974), and Peiros (2004)Sidwell, Paul (2009)"Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art" ''LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics'', 76. Munich: Lincom Europa. He divides Pearic into two primary branches (''Pear'' and ''Chong''), with ''Chong'' being further divided into four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indochina
Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam as well as Peninsular Malaysia. The term ''Indochina'' (originally ''Indo-China'') was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the historical cultural influence of Indian and Chinese civilizations on the region. The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). Today, the term "Mainland Southeast Asia" is more commonly used, in contrast to Maritime Southeast Asia for the island groups off the coast of the peninsula. Terminology In Indian sources, the earliest name connected with Southeast Asia is . Another possible early name of ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prey Nob District
Prey Nob ( ) is one of four district (''srok'') of Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodia. According to the 2008 census of Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ..., it had a population of 89,238. See page 11. Notes Districts of Sihanoukville province {{Cambodia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexical Innovation
In linguistics, specifically the sub-field of lexical semantics, the concept of lexical innovation includes the use of neologism or new meanings (so-called semantic augmentation) in order to introduce new terms into a language's lexicon. Most commonly, this is found in technical disciplines where new concepts require names, which often takes the form of jargon. For example, in the subjects of sociology or philosophy, there is an increased technicalization in terminology in the English language for different concepts over time. Many novel terms or meanings in a language are created as a result of translation from a source language, in which certain concepts were first introduced (e.g. from Plato's Ancient Greek into Latin or from Kant's German into English). Lexical innovation via neologism A straightforward method of introducing new terms in a language is to create a neologism, i.e. a completely new lexical item in the lexicon. For example, in the philosopher Heidegger's nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siem Reap
Siem Reap (, ) is the second-largest city of Cambodia, as well as the capital and largest city of Siem Reap Province in northwestern Cambodia. Siem Reap possesses French-colonial and Chinese-style architecture in the Old French Quarter and around the Old Market. The city is a major hub for tourism in Cambodia due to its close proximity to the ancient temples of Angkor constructed during the Khmer Empire. In and around the city there are museums, traditional Apsara dance performances, a Cambodian cultural village, souvenir and handicraft shops, silk farms, rice paddies in the countryside, fishing villages and a bird sanctuary near Tonlé Sap, and a cosmopolitan drinking and dining scene. Siem Reap was named the ASEAN City of Culture for the period 2021–2022 at the 9th Meeting of the ASEAN Ministers Responsible for Culture and Arts (AMCA) organized on Oct 22, 2020. History The name "Siem Reap" can be translated to mean 'defeat of Siam' (''siem'' in Khmer) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battambang
Battambang (, Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN, UNGEGN: ) is the capital of Battambang province and the List of cities and towns in Cambodia, third largest city in Cambodia. The city is situated on the Sangkae River, which winds its way through the province. Battambang was founded in the 11th century by the Khmer Empire. It later became a major commercial hub and the capital of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932), Siamese province of Inner Cambodia. It was reintegrated into Cambodia during French protectorate of Cambodia, French colonisation. During the 20th century, Battambang was Cambodia's second largest city, but it was later overtaken by the growth of Siem Reap. It was impacted by conflict and Cambodian genocide, genocide in the 20th century, with the city forcibly evacuated during the Democratic Kampuchea period. It was also the site of fighting during the Khmer Rouge insurgency until the 1990s. Benefitting from the fertile and productive land surrounding it, Battambang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somray Language
Somray, or Northern Chong, is a Pearic language of Cambodia. Geographical distribution Somray is spoken in the following areas of Cambodia. * Battambang province: Phumi Chhak Rokar area (Baradat ms.) * Koh Kong province: far north * Pursat province: 2 areas, north, east, and west of Phum Tasanh, and Tanyong river around Phum Pra Moi The extinct Somre of Siem Reap Siem Reap (, ) is the second-largest city of Cambodia, as well as the capital and largest city of Siem Reap Province in northwestern Cambodia. Siem Reap possesses French-colonial and Chinese-style architecture in the Old French Quarter ... (Moura 1883) was a dialect of the same language. Phonology Consonants * An initial mainly exists from Khmer word-borrowings. * The voiced stops in word-initial position are heard as glottalized . *- only in a few cases in final position. Vowels * Vowels may also occur as glottalized . * Vowels can be heard as either back or central . * can also be hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kasong Language
Kasong, also previously known as "Chong of Trat", is an endangered Pearic language of the Austroasiatic family spoken in Bo Rai District, Trat Province of Thailand. On the basis of lexical similarity determined with a relatively short word list, Kasong has been classified as a dialect of Central Chong. However, further study and longer word lists point to Kasong being a separate language closely related to Chong and Samre. Kasong is nearly extinct; there are no monolinguals and all speakers use Thai as their primary language. Of the vocabulary tested, a study found 55.38 percent of the language to consist of Thai loanwords. These loanwords are grouped into two subtypes: direct from Thai or a Thai word added to an existing Kasong word. This high percentage is indicative of the language's route to potential extinction as Thai displaces it. More than 50 years ago, all Kasong people were forbidden to use the Kasong language in their families and with others as a result of govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samre Language Of Pursat
Samre (), is a nearly extinct Pearic language of Thailand and, formerly, Cambodia. The language is evidently extinct in Cambodia, but a 1998 survey found 20–30 speakers in Nonsi Subdistrict, Bo Rai District, Trat Province, Thailand and estimated the total number of people able to speak the language to be 200.Pornsawan Ploykaew. 2001,The phonology of Samre, in ''Mon-Khmer Studies'', vol. 31, pp. 15-27 Phonology The phonemic inventory is typical of modern Mon-Khmer languages and, along with the other Pearic languages, shows some phonological influences from the late Middle Khmer of the 17th century. Samre also shows influence from Thai in that it has a developing tonal system. Like many other Austroasiatic languages in general, and the Pearic languages in particular, Samre vowels may differ in voice quality, a system known as "register", or "phonation". However, the breathy voice versus clear voice distinction is no longer contrastive and is secondary to a word's tone. Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Chong Language
Chong (, also spelled ''Chawng, Shong, Xong'') is an endangered language spoken in eastern Thailand and formerly in Cambodia by the Chong. It is a Western Pearic language in the Mon–Khmer language family. Chong is currently the focus of a language revitalization project in Thailand. The Chong language is marked by its unusual four-way contrast in register. Its grammar has not been extensively studied, but it is unrelated to the Thai language which is in the Tai–Kadai language family. Chong had no written form until 2000, when researchers at Mahidol University used a simplified version of standard Thai characters to create a Chong writing system, after which the first teaching materials in the language appeared. Chong is currently considered to be at stage 7 in Joshua Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), where stage 8 is the closest to extinction. Chong is actually two languages, Western Chong, and Central Chong or Samre. The Western Chong community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Chong Language
Chong (, also spelled ''Chawng, Shong, Xong'') is an endangered language spoken in eastern Thailand and formerly in Cambodia by the Chong. It is a Western Pearic language in the Mon–Khmer language family. Chong is currently the focus of a language revitalization project in Thailand. The Chong language is marked by its unusual four-way contrast in register. Its grammar has not been extensively studied, but it is unrelated to the Thai language which is in the Tai–Kadai language family. Chong had no written form until 2000, when researchers at Mahidol University used a simplified version of standard Thai characters to create a Chong writing system, after which the first teaching materials in the language appeared. Chong is currently considered to be at stage 7 in Joshua Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), where stage 8 is the closest to extinction. Chong is actually two languages, Western Chong, and Central Chong or Samre. The Western Chong community ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanchanaburi
Kanchanaburi (, ) is a town municipality ('' thesaban mueang'') in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The town of lies to the southeast of Erawan National Park within Kanchanaburi Province, approximately 120km west of Bangkok. In 2006 it had a population of 31,327. That number was reduced to 25,651 in 2017. The town covers ''tambons'' Ban Nuea and Ban Tai and parts of Pak Phraek and Tha Makham, all of Mueang Kanchanaburi District, and parts of ''tambon'' Tha Lo of Tha Muang District. History In the late 18th century, Kanchanaburi was established by King Rama I as a defensive outpost against possible Burmese attacks in what is now Lat Ya Sub-district. In 1833, the town was moved about 16 km to the southeast along the river to its present site during the reign of King Rama III. From the Ayutthaya period to the Thonburi and Rattanakosin periods, Kanchanaburi was an important outpost to defend against Burmese invasions. The old town was located at Tambon Lat Ya (Khao Chon K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
