|
Palaeacanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala ("ancient thornheads") is a class within the phylum Acanthocephala. The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish, aquatic birds and mammals. This order is characterized by the presence of lateral longitudinal lacunar canals and a double-walled proboscis receptacle. The nuclei of the hypodermis (outer layer of skin) are fragmented and the males have two to seven cement glands, unlike their relatives the Archiacanthocephala, which always have eight. There are three orders in the class Palaeacanthocephala: * Echinorhynchida Southwell and Macfie, 1925 * Heteramorphida Amin and Ha, 2008 * Polymorphida Polymorphida are an order of thorny-headed worms (phylum Acanthocephala). The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish and aquatic birds. This order contains 5 families:Huston, D. C., Cribb, T. H., & Smales, L. R. (2020). Molecu ... Petrochenko, 1956 References Acanthocephalans {{Acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthocephala
Acanthocephala ( Greek , ' 'thorn' + , ' 'head') is a group of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. About 1,420 species have been described. The Acanthocephala were long thought to be a discrete phylum. Recent genome analysis has shown that they are descended from, and should be considered as, highly modified rotifers. This unified taxon is sometimes known as Syndermata, or simply as Rotifera, with the acanthocephalans described as a subclass of a rotifer class Hemirotatoria. History The earliest recognisable description of Acanthocephala – a worm with a proboscis armed with hooks – was made by Italian author Francesco Redi (1684). In 1771 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteramorphida
''Pyrirhynchus'' is a genus of thorny-headed worms. It is the only genus in the order Heteramorphida and family Pyrirhynchidae. It contains a single species ''Pyrirhynchus heterospinus''.Amin, O. M., & Van Ha, N. (2008). On a new acanthocephalan family and a new order, from birds in Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology, 94(6), 1305-1311. It was found in the common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende .... The proboscis contains 17 to 20 rows of 17 to 19 hooks each, with anterior 9-11 hooks rooted and posterior 6-10 spines without roots. References Palaeacanthocephala Acanthocephala genera Monotypic protostome genera {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinorhynchida
Echinorhynchida is an Order (biology), order of parasitic worms in the phylum Acanthocephala. It contains 13 known families: *Arhythmacanthidae Yamaguti, 1935 *Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932 *Diplosentidae Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1937 *Echinorhynchidae Cobbold, 1876 *Fessisentidae Van Cleave, 1931 *Gymnorhadinorhynchidae Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque and Timi, 2014 *Heteracanthocephalidae Petrochenko, 1956 *Illiosentidae Golvan, 1960 *Isthmosacanthidae Smales, 2012 *Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939 *Rhadinorhynchidae Lühe, 1912 *Sauracanthorhynchidae Bursey, Goldberg and Kraus, 2007 *Transvenidae Pichelin and Cribb, 2001 References Echinorhynchida, Palaeacanthocephala {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymorphida
Polymorphida are an order of thorny-headed worms (phylum Acanthocephala). The adults of these parasitic platyzoans feed mainly on fish and aquatic birds. This order contains 5 families:Huston, D. C., Cribb, T. H., & Smales, L. R. (2020). Molecular characterisation of acanthocephalans from Australian marine teleosts: proposal of a new family, synonymy of another and transfer of taxa between orders. Systematic Parasitology, 1-23. *Centrorhynchidae Centrorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms. Three species of these thorny-headed worms in the genus Centrorhynchus were found to parasitize birds of prey and owls Slovakia. These hosts include '' Buteo buteo'', '' Buteo rufinus'', '' Falco t ... Van Cleave, 1916 * Isthomosacanthidae Smales, 2012 * Plagiorhynchidae Meyer, 1931 * Pyriprobosicidae * Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 References Palaeacanthocephala {{acanthocephalan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name – and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'' – was first introduced by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in the classification of plants that appeared in his '' Eléments de botanique'' of 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construction, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below Kingdom (biology), kingdom and above Class (biology), class. Traditionally, in botany the term division (taxonomy), division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhadinorhynchus
''Rhadinorhynchus'' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Rhadinorhynchidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Rhadinorhynchus africanus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus atheri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus bicircumspinus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus biformis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus cadenati'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus camerounensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus capensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus carangis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus chongmingensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus chongmingnensis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus circumspinus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus cololabis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus decapteri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus decapteri'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus ditrematis'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dollfusi'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dorsoventrospinosus'' *'' Rhadinorhynchus dujardini'' *''Rhadinorhynchus echeneisi ''Rhadinorhynchus'' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Rhadinorhynchidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *''Rhadinorhynchus africanus'' *''Rhadinorhynchus atheri'' *''Rhadinor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites' way of feeding as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endopar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal (phylogenetics), basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all extant taxon, living cartilaginous fish, cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. In a break to the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single Class (biology), class (Pisces), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group. Most fish are ectotherm, cold-blooded, their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large nekton, active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Many fish can communication in aquatic animals#Acoustic, communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays. The stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight Bird skeleton, skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species and they are split into 44 Order (biology), orders. More than half are passerine or "perching" birds. Birds have Bird wing, wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the Flightless bird, loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemism, endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
