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Pakihi
Pakihi or pākihi is a vegetation association unique to the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, characterised by flat boggy land with infertile, waterlogged soil on which only rushes, ferns, moss, and mānuka grow. Name The Māori word can mean "open country" or "barren land", or alternatively "a clearing in forest" or "place where fern root was dug up". Both these ideas are encompassed by the use of pakihi in New Zealand English to refer to open country, mainly on the West Coast of the South Island, from which forest was once cleared but which no longer allows tree growth. Extent Pakihi habitat ranges over of the west of the South Island, from Golden Bay in the north to Awarua Bay in the south, being particularly common in the central West Coast between Westport and Hokitika, usually near the coast but sometimes extending some inland. Pakihi can be both natural or induced. Some pakihi has existed for thousands of years, even back to glacial times—for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakihi Walk MRD 08
Pakihi or pākihi is a vegetation association unique to the West Coast, New Zealand, West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, characterised by flat boggy land with infertile, waterlogged soil on which only Rushes (plants), rushes, ferns, moss, and Leptospermum scoparium, mānuka grow. Name The Māori language, Māori word can mean "open country" or "barren land", or alternatively "a clearing in forest" or "place where fern root was dug up". Both these ideas are encompassed by the use of pakihi in New Zealand English to refer to open country, mainly on the West Coast, New Zealand, West Coast of the South Island, from which forest was once cleared but which no longer allows tree growth. Extent Pakihi habitat ranges over of the west of the South Island, from Golden Bay / Mohua, Golden Bay in the north to Big Bay (New Zealand), Awarua Bay in the south, being particularly common in the central West Coast between Westport, New Zealand, Westport and Hokitika, usually near ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphagnum
''Sphagnum'' is a genus of approximately 380 accepted species of mosses, commonly known as sphagnum moss, also bog moss and quacker moss (although that term is also sometimes used for peat). Accumulations of ''Sphagnum'' can store water, since both living and dead plants can hold large quantities of water inside their cells; plants may hold 16 to 26 times as much water as their dry weight, depending on the species.Bold, H. C. 1967. Morphology of Plants. second ed. Harper and Row, New York. p. 225–229. The empty cells help retain water in drier conditions. As ''Sphagnum'' moss grows, it can slowly spread into drier conditions, forming larger mires, both raised bogs and blanket bogs. Thus, ''Sphagnum'' can influence the composition of such habitats, with some describing ''Sphagnum'' as 'habitat manipulators' or 'autogenic ecosystem engineers'. These peat accumulations then provide habitat for a wide array of peatland plants, including sedges and Calcifuge, ericaceous shrubs, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empodisma Minus
''Empodisma minus'', commonly known as (lesser) wire rush or spreading rope-rush, is a perennial evergreen belonging to the southern-hemisphere family of monocotyledonous plants Restionaceae. The Latin name ''Empodisma minus'' translates to “tangle-foot” “small”. ''E. minus'' is found from Queensland to South Australia, Tasmania and throughout New Zealand south of 38 ° latitude, or the central north island. Its current conservation status is “Least concern”. In 2012, the new species '' Empodisma robustum'' was described in New Zealand, with what was previously described as ''E. minus'' from the lowland raised bogs of Waikato and Northland now being re-classified as ''E. robustum''. ''E. minus'' remains an important peatformer in the south of New Zealand and in high altitude peatlands. Description The stems are 15–200 cm long, numerously branched, semi-terete and dark green to dark brown in colour. The stem keeps upright when short, yet becomes procumbent when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleichenia Microphylla
''Gleichenia microphylla'' is a small fern growing in Australia and New Zealand. Some of the other common names include: scrambling coral fern, umbrella fern, parasol fern, carrier tangle, matua-rarauhe, matuku, tapuwae kotuku, waewae kaka, waewae kotuku and waewae matuku. A common plant, often seen growing under waterfalls, in swamps, under cliffs and in tall open forest. It prefers high humidity and good levels of sunshine and moisture. It can form large colonies. In 1810 it appeared in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, authored by R.Br., Robert Brown. Description ''Gleichenia microphyllas rachis on major branches has conspicuous and numerous bundles of bristles that are shiny, short, and amber to dark brown in colour. It also has less numerous and scattered fringed scales. It has 2 to 6 cm long linear ultimate branches with close-set Leaflet (botany), pinnules. The undersurface of pinna-rachis has no hairs or scales. The uncoiling tips and young rachises are covered i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleichenia Dicarpa
''Gleichenia dicarpa'', commonly known as pouched coral fern or tangle fern, is a small fern of the family Gleicheniaceae found in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. It forms tangled thickets in wet places such as swamps and riverbanks. Taxonomy Collected by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander in November 1769 at Mercury Bay in New Zealand, ''G. dicarpa'' appeared in the 1810 work ''Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae'', authored by prolific botanist Robert Brown. Its genus name honours the German botanist W.F. von Gleichen, and its species name is Ancient Greek for "two fruit". Common names in New Zealand include tangle fern, Spider fern, and swamp umbrella fern. Australian common names include pouched coral fern, and wiry coral fern. The taxonomy of ''G. dicarpa'' is more complicated than previously thought; a genetic study of the DNA of Gleicheniaceae from New Zealand and Tasmania indicate that a smaller shorter-branched "upland" form from New Zealand is in fact mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dracophyllum Longifolium
''Dracophyllum longifolium'', commonly called inaka (from Māori), is an upright shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. ''Dracophyllum longifolium'' grows mostly in the South Island but is found throughout New Zealand from sea level up to . Inaka occurs in open forests where it can grow as high as 12 metres and in sub-alpine areas it generally reaches . Description ''Dracophyllum longifolium'' has thin branches that become marked with rings as old leaves die. The needle-like long leaves are wide and up to long with a pointed tip and are often softly coloured from green through to orange and brown. Inaka is a long-lived plant and can survive for up to 220 years. File:Dracophyllum longifolium in Aoraki Mount Cook NP 05.jpg, Inflorescence File:Dracophyllum longifolium in Aoraki Mount Cook NP 02.jpg, Adult leaves Taxonomy Varieties This species has the following varieties: * ''Dracophyllum longifolium'' var. ''longifolium'' * ''Drac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podzol
Podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia. In Western Europe, podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning. In some British moorlands with podzolic soils, cambisols are preserved under Bronze Age barrows. Term Podzol means "under-ash" and is derived from the Russian () + ('); the full form is ('), meaning "under-ashed soil". The term was first given in mid-1875 by Vasily Dokuchaev, and over time adopted by soil science. It refers to the common experience of Russian peasants of plowing up an apparent under-layer of ash (leached or E horizon) during first plowing of a virgin soil of that type. Characteristics Podzols can occur on almost any parent material but generally derive from either quartz-rich sands and sandstone or sedimentary debris from magmatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionochloa Rubra
''Chionochloa rubra'', known commonly as red tussock grass, is a species of tussock grass in the grass family, endemic to New Zealand. Description New Zealand has 22 endemic species of '' Chionochloa'', including ''C. rubra'', which has a distinctive appearance from other members in the genus. ''C. rubra'' has a long life span, meaning there is rarely dead foliage surrounding the plant — giving the species a clean, sleek and vertical look. The plant will grow up to 1–1.2m high in rich moist ground, with seed heads reaching even taller. The leaf blade themselves grow up to 1m long and 1.2mm in diameter, and the plant width itself is 50 cm in diameter (with little rhizomatous spread). There are usually long hairs next to the base of the leaf and prickle-teeth towards the apex that help distinguish it from other ''Chionochloa'' species. There are also rows of short hairs at the base of the leaf. In dry habitat conditions such as dry clay soil the plant struggles to grow a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidosperma Australe
''Lepidosperma'' is a genus of flowering plant of the family Cyperaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Australia, with others native to southern China, southeast Asia, New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Lepidosperma'': Abbreviations in capital letters after the names represent states in Australia. *'' Lepidosperma amantiferrum'' R.L.Barrett - WA *'' Lepidosperma angustatum'' R.Br. - WA *'' Lepidosperma angustifolium'' Hook.f. - TAS *'' Lepidosperma apricola'' R.L.Barrett - WA *'' Lepidosperma asperatum'' (Kük.) R.L.Barrett -WA *'' Lepidosperma australe'' (A.Rich.) Hook.f - New Zealand incl Chatham Island *'' Lepidosperma avium'' K.L.Wilson - NT, SA *'' Lepidosperma benthamianum'' C.B.Clarke - WA *'' Lepidosperma bungalbin'' R.L.Barrett - WA *'' Lepidosperma calcicola'' R.L.Barrett & K.L.Wilson - WA *'' Lepidosperma canescens'' Boeck. - SA, VIC *'' Lepidosperma carphoides'' F.Muell. ex Benth. Black Rapier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juncus Gregiflorus
''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superficially resemble grasses or sedges. They have historically received little attention from botanists; in his 1819 monograph, James Ebenezer Bicheno described the genus as "obscure and uninviting". The form of the flower differentiates rushes from grasses or sedges. The flowers of ''Juncus'' comprise five whorls of floral parts: three sepals, three petals (or, taken together, six tepals), two to six stamens (in two whorls) and a stigma with three lobes. The stems are round in cross-section, unlike those of sedges, which are typically somewhat triangular in cross-section. In ''Juncus'' section ''Juncotypus'' (formerly called ''Juncus'' subg. ''Genuini''), which contains some of the most widespread and familiar species, the leaves are reduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juncus Edgariae
''Juncus edgariae'' is a species of rush, commonly called Edgar's rush or wīwī, that is endemic to New Zealand. The species was described in 2001 by Lawrie Johnson and Karen Wilson. It had previously been confused with '' Juncus gregiflorus'', which is now considered endemic to Australia. The species name ''edgariae'' is in honour of New Zealand botanist Elizabeth Edgar. ''Juncus edgariae'' is the most abundant rush species in New Zealand, and is widespread throughout, including the Kermadec and Chatham Islands The Chatham Islands ( ; Moriori language, Moriori: , 'Misty Sun'; ) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island, administered as part of New Zealand, and consisting of about 10 islands within an approxima .... Found commonly from between the coast to the hills, it is usually located in open shrubland, seasonally wet places or around the edges of wetlands. It has been introduced to Britain. References edgariae Ende ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baumea Teretifolia
''Baumea'' is a genus of the sedge family, which includes around 30 species native to Madagascar and the Pacific Islands The Pacific islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of several ..., with 15 species in Australia. All are perennial rhizomatous herbs, with leaves and stems very similar in appearance. The inflorescence is terminal, with the flowers tightly clustered or loosely arranged. The fruits are small nuts. It is closely related to the genus '' Machaerina'', and is sometimes included in that genus. Habitat and cultivation Most species occur in open moist habitats; many are found in swamps or seasonally inundated areas. ''Baumea'' is propagated from transplants, divisions, or from seeds, which germinate readily if sown on damp organic mix and kept moist until shoots appear. Selected spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
