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Pacifism In Germany
The existence of pacifism in Germany has changed over time, with the consistent feature of having diverse groups with a shared belief in an opposition to participating in war. These movements both individually and collectively, have historically been small in their numbers and have not been well organised. With a culture of war in the early history of Germany, pacifism was not a culturally significant group. This was driven by the government as they attempted to use the media in order to promote the expansion of Germany as a growing empire. The exception to this is during the Cold War with the Bonn demonstration with a large turnout of around 300,000 people. Christian peace groups have been the most consistent groups within the classification of pacifists as an opposition to violence is a key part of their faith. The size, whilst remaining small varies over the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. The reception from the public regarding pacifists also changes depending on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annexation Of Crimea By The Russian Federation
In February and March 2014, Russia invaded the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and then annexed it. This took place in the relative power vacuum immediately following the Revolution of Dignity. It marked the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The Revolution of Dignity, events in Kyiv that Revolution of Dignity#Removal of Yanukovych, ousted Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych on 22 February 2014 sparked both pro-Russian and anti-separatism Timeline of the 2014 Crimean crisis#February 23, demonstrations in Crimea. At the same time, Russian president Vladimir Putin told his security chiefs to begin work on "returning Crimea to Russia". On 27 February, Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War), Russian special forces without insignia seized strategic sites across Crimea. Russia at first denied involvement, but Putin later admitted that they were Russian troops. As the armed men Capture of the Crimean Parliament, occupied Crimea's parliament, it dismissed the Council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soldiers Are Murderers
"Soldiers are murderers" () is a quote from an opinion piece written in 1931 by Kurt Tucholsky and published under his pseudonym Ignaz Wrobel in the weekly German magazine ''Die Weltbühne''. Starting with a lawsuit against the magazine's editor Carl von Ossietzky for "defamation of the ''Reichswehr''" in 1932, Tucholsky's widely quoted assertion led to numerous judicial proceedings in Germany, also after World War II and until the late 20th century. In several cases in the 1990s, last in 1995, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that using the quote as a means to express pacifist views is protected by the constitution of Germany. Origin Journalist, writer, and satirist Kurt Tucholsky was conscripted as a soldier in World War I, and in 1919 co-founded the Friedensbund der Kriegsteilnehmer, a pacifist and anti-militarist organization of war veterans. The 4 August 1931 issue of ''Die Weltbühne'' had pacifism as its main subject matter, containing a translation of Pope Ben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graswurzelrevolution
''Graswurzelrevolution'' (English: ''Grassroots Revolution'') is an anarcho-pacifist magazine founded in 1972 by Wolfgang Hertle in West Germany. It focuses on social equality, anti-militarism and ecology. The magazine is considered the most influential and long-lived anarchist publication of the German post-war period. It is classified by the Verfassungsschutz as left-wing extremist. According to social scientist Ralf Vandamme, ''Graswurzelrevolution'' is "the main voice of the grassroots democratic activists." "The group that has most consistently tried to build a social rhizome and comes closest to anarchist ethics is the so-called Non-violent Action. It is not by coincidence that this group's newspaper, a magazine with a relatively wide distribution, is called ''graswurzelrevolution''." — Horst Stowasser The zero issue of ''Graswurzelrevolution'' (GWR) 'Grassroots Revolution''was published in the summer of 1972 in Augsburg, Bavaria. The "monthly magazine for a non- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Resistance To Nazism
The German resistance to Nazism () included unarmed and armed opposition and disobedience to the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime by various movements, groups and individuals by various means, from assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler, attempts to assassinate Adolf Hitler or to overthrow his regime, defection to the enemies of the Third Reich and sabotage against the German Army and the apparatus of repression and attempts to organize armed struggle, to open protests, rescue of persecuted persons, dissidence and "everyday resistance". German resistance was not recognized as a united resistance movement during the height of Nazi Germany, unlike the more organised efforts in other countries, such as Italian Resistance, Italy, Danish resistance movement, Denmark, the Soviet partisans, Soviet Union, Polish Underground State, Poland, Greek Resistance, Greece, Yugoslav Partisans, Yugoslavia, French Resistance, France, Dutch resistance, the Netherlands, Resistance in the Protectorate of Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Catholics' Peace Association
The German Catholics' Peace Association (Friedensbund Deutscher Katholiken) was a Catholic peace association founded in Weimar Germany in 1919 by Blessed Max Josef Metzger, a Roman Catholic priest. Metzger had served as military chaplain, in the German Imperial Army during World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to .... Metzger became convinced that “future wars have lost their meaning, since they no longer give anybody the prospect of winning more than he loses.” At war's end, Metzger established the German Catholics’ Peace Association. He sought links to the international pacifist movement, strongly advocated the ecumenical idea of peace, and soon became known as a leading German pacifist. Metzger was targeted by the Nazi authorities and arrested on several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedensbund Der Kriegsteilnehmer
The Friedensbund der Kriegsteilnehmer (commonly translated as "Association of War Veterans for Peace") was a nonparty, pacifist, and anti-military organisation in the Weimar Republic. It was instituted by former soldiers who had fought in World War I and existed from 1919 to 1927. At its peak, around 1921, the organization had about 30,000 members. Initiators and founding members included the authors Carl von Ossietzky und Kurt Tucholsky, and the scientists Emil Julius Gumbel und Georg Friedrich Nicolai Georg Friedrich Nicolai (born Lewinstein; 6 February 1874 – 8 October 1964) was a German physiologist. Biography He was born in 1874 in Berlin. He studied at the University of Berlin, and later practiced medicine at the Charité in Berlin. He .... References * * * {{Germany-hist-stub Weimar Republic Anti-militarism in Europe German veterans' organisations Pacifism in Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Das Andere Deutschland
''Das Andere Deutschland'' (German, "The Other Germany") was a weekly newspaper established in Germany in 1925 to advocate republican and pacifist causes until its forced closing by the Nazi-led government. History The newspaper stemmed from the monthly review the ''Pazifist'', created in 1921. Both publications were administered by Fritz Küster. ''Das Andere Deutschland'' was the publication organ of the German Peace Society. During the Weimar Republic, Kurt Tucholsky, Erich Kästner, Heinrich Ströbel, Berthold Jacob, Carl Mertens, and Friedrich William Foerster, among others, wrote for the newspaper. The newspaper was shut down on March 11, 1933, less than two weeks after Paul von Hindenburg approved the Reichstag Fire Decree written by the Adolf Hitler government. Although it was initially supposed to be banned for three months, the Nazis' subsequent abrogation of remaining civil liberties kept it shuttered for the rest of the Nazi era. Küster was arrested and held in con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Peace Society
The German Peace Society ( (DFG)) was founded in 1892 in Berlin. In 1900 it moved its headquarters to Stuttgart. It still exists and is known as the ''Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft - Vereinigte KriegsdienstgegnerInnen'' (DFG-VK; German Peace Society - United War Resisters). It's an organisation consisting of political pacifists and war resisters. About four to six times a year, the DFG-VK is publishing its magazine Zivilcourage. The DFG-VK is participating in a variety of pacifist and antimilitarist alliances on a national as well as international level and is the biggest member organisation of War Resisters’ International. History On 21 December 1892, the German Peace Society was founded, claiming to be the first organisation of pacifists that represents the whole German empire. Responsible for the procedure were Alfred Hermann Fried and Bertha von Suttner, one of the most known German women of that time. The German Peace Society was a key part of the German peace movement an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War ( / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. Following several earlier violent incidents, the war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992 when the newly independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was internationally recognized. It ended on 21 November 1995 when the Dayton accords, Dayton Accords were initialed. The main belligerents were the forces of the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and those of the breakaway proto-states of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republika Srpska (1992–1995), Republika Srpska which were led and supplied by Croatia and Republic of Serbia (1992–2006), Serbia, respectively. The war was part of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Great Lakes Twa, Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Constitution of Rwanda, Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died, mostly men. The genocide was marked by extreme violence, with victims often murdered by neighbors, and widespread sexual violence, with between 250,000 and 500,000 women raped. The genocide was rooted in long-standing ethnic tensions, exacerbated by the Rwandan Civil War, which began in 1990 when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a predominantly Tutsi rebel group, invaded Rwanda from Uganda. The war reached a tentative peace with the Arusha Accords (Rwanda), Arusha Accords in 1993. However, the Assassina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
