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Osteoglossidae
Osteoglossidae is a family of large-sized freshwater fish, which includes the arowanas. They are commonly known as bonytongues. The family has been regarded as containing two extant subfamilies Arapaiminae and Osteoglossinae, with a total of five living genera, but these are regarded as valid families in '' Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' The extinct Phareodontinae are known from worldwide during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene; they are generally considered to be crown group osteoglossids that are more closely related to one of the extant osteoglossid subfamilies than the other, though their exact position varies. Evolution Osteoglossids are basal teleosts that originated during the Cretaceous, and are placed in the actinopterygian order Osteoglossiformes. The traditionally defined wider family includes several extant species from South America, one from Africa, two from Asia, and two from Australia. The earliest known osteoglossid is '' Cretophareodus'' from the mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arapaiminae
Arapaimidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the order Osteoglossiformes. It includes the South American arapaimas of the Amazon Basin, Amazon and Essequibo River, Essequibo basins and the African arowana, African arowana (''Heterotis niloticus'') from the watersheds of the Sahel, Sahelo-Sudanese region, Senegal, The Gambia, Gambia, and parts of Eastern Africa. This family is sometimes treated as the subfamily Arapaiminae. A commonly used synonym is Heterotidinae, but according to the ICZN, Arapaimidae has priority. Arapaimides, along with other osteoglossomorphs, are of Phylogenetics, phylogenetic and evolutionary interest due to their trans-oceanic distribution, excellent fossil record, and position as one of the oldest living teleost lineages. The type-species of the group, ''Arapaima gigas'', is an important South American food source and charismatic representative of the region. Both ''Arapaima'' and ''Heterotis'' are c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Arowana
The African arowana or Nile arowana (''Heterotis niloticus'') is a species of bonytongue. Despite being called an "arowana", the African arowana is more closely related to arapaimas, the only other members in the subfamily Arapaiminae, than the South American, Asian, and Australian arowanas in the subfamily Osteoglossinae (Arapaiminae is sometimes considered to be a separate family from Osteoglossidae). Compared to these, the African arowana has a more terminal mouth and is the only one that feeds extensively on plankton. Description The African arowana is a long-bodied fish with large scales, long dorsal and anal fins set far back on the body, and a rounded caudal fin. Its height is 3.5 to 5.0 times standard length. It has been reported to reach up to long and weigh up to . This fish is gray, brown, or bronze in color. Coloration is uniform in adults, but juveniles often have dark longitudinal bands. African arowanas have air-breathing organs on its branchiae, enabling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossiformes , meaning "bony tongues" in Ancient Greek, is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. In 2008, several new species of marine osteoglossiforms were described from the Danish Eocene Fur Formation, dramatically increasing the diversity of this group. This implies that the Osteoglossomorpha is not a primary freshwater fish group with the osteoglossiforms having a typical Gondwana distribution. The Gymnarchidae (the only species being '' Gymnarchus niloticus'', the African knifefish) and the Mormyridae are weakly electric fish able to sense their prey using electric fields. The mooneyes (Hiodontidae) are often classified here, but may also be placed in a separate order, Hiodontiformes. Members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretophareodus
''Cretophareodus'' is an extinct genus of bonytongue from the Campanian of the Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta. It is known from a nearly complete skeleton lacking only the tail, named in 1996 by Li Guo-qing with the type species ''C. alberticus''. It was moderately-sized, being around long, and is closely related to the Eocene genera '' Phareodus'' and '' Brychaetus''. Additional isolated bones from the Dinosaur Park Formation are also referrable to ''Crewtophareodus''. It is the oldest known crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor ... osteoglossoid, a group represented today by arowanas and arapaimas. References Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera Osteoglossidae Late Cretaceous fish of North America Campanian genera Fossils of Canada Fossil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoglossinae
Arowanas are freshwater bony fish of the subfamily Osteoglossinae, also known as bony tongues (the latter name is now often reserved for Arapaiminae). In this family of fish, the head is bony and the elongated body is covered by large, heavy scales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. The dorsal and anal fins have soft rays and are long based, while the pectoral and ventral fins are small. The name "bonytongues" is derived from a toothed bone on the floor of the mouth, the "tongue", equipped with teeth that bite against teeth on the roof of the mouth. The arowana is a facultative air breather and can obtain oxygen from air by sucking it into its swim bladder, which is lined with capillaries like lung tissue. Evolution Within Osteoglossinae, the South America ''Osteoglossum'' arowanas diverged from the Asian and Australian ''Scleropages'' arowanas about 170 Mya, during the Middle Jurassic. The Osteoglossidae are the only exclusively freshwater fish family found on both sides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chanopsis
''Chanopsis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric freshwater bonytongue relative that lived from the late Aptian to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch. It contains a single species, ''C. lombardi'' from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ''Chanopsis'' was a large fish known from both the late Aptian/early Albian Loia Formation and the overlying Albian Bokungu Formation. Initially described as a chanid (hence the genus name), later studies found it to be a osteoglossiform, most likely a stem-bonytongue. The exact placement of ''Chanopsis'' within the osteoglossoids remains uncertain as it lacks some of the key traits of the group, but as one of the earliest potential members of the osteoglossoid crown group, it would be crucial to understanding divergence estimates of the order. See also *Prehistoric fish *List of prehistoric bony fish This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arowana
Arowanas are freshwater bony fish of the subfamily Osteoglossinae, also known as bony tongues (the latter name is now often reserved for Arapaiminae). In this family of fish, the head is bony and the elongated body is covered by large, heavy scales, with a mosaic pattern of canals. The dorsal and anal fins have soft rays and are long based, while the pectoral and ventral fins are small. The name "bonytongues" is derived from a toothed bone on the floor of the mouth, the "tongue", equipped with teeth that bite against teeth on the roof of the mouth. The arowana is a facultative air breather and can obtain oxygen from air by sucking it into its swim bladder, which is lined with capillaries like lung tissue. Evolution Within Osteoglossinae, the South America ''Osteoglossum'' arowanas diverged from the Asian and Australian ''Scleropages'' arowanas about 170 Mya, during the Middle Jurassic. The Osteoglossidae are the only exclusively freshwater fish family found on both sides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brychaetus
''Brychaetus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bonytongue fish known from the Late Cretaceous to the late Eocene of Europe, North America, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Brychaetus'' contains a single valid species, ''B. muelleri'' from the Ypresian of England (London Clay) and the eastern United States (Nanjemoy Formation in Maryland and Virginia, Tuscahoma Formation of Mississippi), with specimens from elsewhere being placed only at genus level due to their fragmentary nature. A record of ''B. muelleri'' from the Paleocene of Niger was reassigned to an extinct arowana, '' Scleropages africanus''. Another species, ''B. schnarrenbergeri'' Zotz, 1928, was described from the Eocene of Alsace (France), but its assignment to ''Brychaetus'' was later found to be a misidentification. Another species, ''B. caheni'' from the Paleocene of Cabinda (Angola), was later reclassified into its own genus, '' Ridewoodichthys.'' It was the first marine bonytongue described from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenland are full Danish nationality law, citizens of Denmark and European Union citizenship, of the European Union. Greenland is one of the Special territories of members of the European Economic Area#Overseas countries and territories, Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union and is part of the Council of Europe. It is the List of islands by area, world's largest island, and lies between the Arctic Ocean, Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Arctic Archipelago, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the location of the northernmost point of land in the world; Kaffeklubben Island off the northern coast is the world's Northernmost point of land, northernmost undisputed point of land—Cape Morris Jesup on the mainland was thought to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes Middle America (Americas), Middle America (comprising the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico) and Northern America. North America covers an area of about , representing approximately 16.5% of Earth's land area and 4.8% of its total surface area. It is the third-largest continent by size after Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth-largest continent by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. , North America's population was estimated as over 592 million people in list of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is the List of African countries by area, second-largest country in Africa and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 112 million, the DR Congo is the most populous nominally List of countries and territories where French is an official language, Francophone country in the world. Belgian French, French is the official and most widely spoken language, though there are Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, over 200 indigenous languages. The national capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the economic center. The country is bordered by the Republic of the Congo, the Cabinda Province, Cabinda exclave of Angola, and the South Atlantic Ocean to the west; the Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
