|
Operating Signals
Operating signals are a type of brevity code used in operational communication among radio and telegraph operators. For example: * Prosigns for Morse code * Wire signal#92 Code, 92 Code: telegraph brevity codes * Q code: initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication and adopted by other radio services * QN Signals: published by the ARRL and used in Amateur radio * R and S brevity codes: published by the British Post Office in 1908 for coastal wireless stations and ships, superseded in 1912 by Q codes * X code: used by European military services in wireless telegraphy * Z code: used in early radiotelegraph communication See also * Brevity code * SINPO code - code used to describe the quality of radio transmissions, especially in reception reports written by shortwave listeners * R-S-T system- information about the quality of a radio signal being received. Used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listeners. * Morse code abbreviations * Telegraphese External l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevity Code
Brevity is concision or brevitas, the quality of being brief or concise, or: * Brevity (comic strip), ''Brevity'' (comic strip), a comic strip created by Guy Endore-Kaiser and Rodd Perry * Brevity code, a vocal word replacement system * Operation Brevity, a World War II battle {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosigns For Morse Code
Procedural signs or prosigns are shorthand signals used in Morse code telegraphy, for the purpose of simplifying and standardizing procedural protocols for landline and radio communication. The procedural signs are distinct from conventional Morse code abbreviations, which consist mainly of brevity codes that convey messages to other parties with greater speed and accuracy. However, some codes are used ''both'' as prosigns and as single letters or punctuation marks, and for those, the distinction between a prosign and abbreviation is ambiguous, even in context. Overview In the broader sense prosigns are just standardised parts of short form radio protocol, and can include any abbreviation. Examples would be for "okay, heard you, continue" or for "message, received". In a more restricted sense, "prosign" refers to something analogous to the nonprinting control characters in teleprinter and computer character sets, such as Baudot and ASCII. Different from abbreviations, those a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wire Signal
A wire signal is a brevity code used by telegraphers to save time and cost when sending long messages. The best-known code was the 92 Code adopted by Western Union in 1859. The code was designed to reduce bandwidth consumption over telegraph lines, thus speeding transmissions by utilizing a numerical code system for frequently used phrases. 92 Code Several of the codes are taken from ''The Telegraph Instructor'' by G.M. Dodge. Dodge notes: :Other numerical signals are used by different railroads for different purposes, for instance, the signal “47” upon some railroads means “display signals”; while the signal “48” means “signals are displayed”. The numerals “9” and “12” are frequently used for “correct”. Other numerals are used for the different officials’ messages, agents’ messages, etc. Codes that are not listed in the 1901 edition of Dodge are marked with an asterisk (*). In the above list, the numbers 19 and 31 refer to train order oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Q Code
The Q-code is a standardised collection of three-letter codes that each start with the letter "Q". It is an Operating signals, operating signal initially developed for commercial radiotelegraphy, radiotelegraph communication and later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio. To distinguish the use of a Q-code transmitted as a question from the same Q-code transmitted as a statement, operators either prefixed it with the military network question marker "" () or suffixed it with the standard Morse question mark (). Although Q-codes were created when radio used Morse code exclusively, they continued to be employed after the introduction of voice transmissions. To avoid confusion, transmitter call signs are restricted; countries can be issued unused Q-Codes as their ITU prefix e.g. List of ITU letter codes, Qatar is QAT. Codes in the range QAA–QNZ are reserved for aeronautical use; QOA–QQZ for maritime use and QRA–QUZ for all services. "Q" has no official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
QN Signals
The QN Signals are Morse code operating signals that were introduced for Amateur radio net operation in 1939 on the Michigan QMN Net to lighten the burdens of net control operators. Originally created by a committee of the Detroit Amateur Radio Association led by Ralph Thetreat, W8FX. Ev Battey W1UE (W4IA-SK), then ARRL assistant communications manager, later printed them in ''QST''. The QN Signals are defined in ARRL document FSD-218 and listed in the ''ARRL Operating Manual''. Although these codes are within the Aeronautical Code signals range (QAA–QNZ) and thus conflict with official international Q signals beginning with QN, the ARRL informally queried FCC's legal branch about the conflict. The opinion then of the FCC was that "no difficulty was as long as we continued to use them only in amateur nets." ARRL QN Signals For CW Net Use :* QN-codes marked with an asterisk (*) are only for use by the Net Control Station. See also * ACP-131 * ARRL * Brevity code * Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ARRL
The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) is the largest membership association of amateur radio enthusiasts in the United States. ARRL is a non-profit organization and was co-founded on April 6, 1914, by Hiram Percy Maxim and Clarence D. Tuska of Hartford, Connecticut. The ARRL represents the interests of amateur radio operators before federal regulatory bodies, provides technical advice and assistance to amateur radio enthusiasts, supports a number of educational programs and sponsors emergency communications service throughout the country. The ARRL has approximately 161,000 members. In addition to members in the US, the organization claims over 7,000 members in other countries. The ARRL publishes many books and a monthly membership journal called ''QST''. The ARRL is the primary representative organization of amateur radio operators to the US government. It performs this function by lobbying the United States Congress, US Congress and the Federal Communications Commission. The ARR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Radio
Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency radio spectrum, spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency, emergency communications. The term ''"radio amateur"'' is used to specify ''"a duly authorized person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without wikt:pecuniary, pecuniary interest"'' (either direct monetary or other similar reward); and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (police and fire), or two-way radio professional services (maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.). The amateur radio service (''amateur service'' and ''amateur-satellite service'') is established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) through their recommended radio regulations. National governments regulate technical and operational characteristics of transmissions and issue individual station li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Z Code
Z Code (like Q Code and X Code) is a set of operating signals used in CW, TTY and RTTY radio communication. Distinct versions There are at least three sets of Z codes. : There are other sets of codes internally used by Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...'s military and other operating agencies. Examples : See also * ACP-131 References External links Ralf D. Kloth DL4TA – List of Z-codes ACP 131(F) – Communications Instructions Operating Signals {{Morse code Operating signals Encodings Morse code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevity Code
Brevity is concision or brevitas, the quality of being brief or concise, or: * Brevity (comic strip), ''Brevity'' (comic strip), a comic strip created by Guy Endore-Kaiser and Rodd Perry * Brevity code, a vocal word replacement system * Operation Brevity, a World War II battle {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SINPO Code
SINPO, an acronym for Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, and Overall, is a Signal Reporting Code used to describe the quality of broadcast and radiotelegraph transmissions. SINPFEMO, an acronym for Signal, Interference, Noise, Propagation, frequency of Fading, dEpth, Modulation, and Overall is used to describe the quality of radiotelephony transmissions. SINPFEMO code consists of the SINPO code plus the addition of three letters to describe additional features of radiotelephony transmissions. These codes are defined by ''Recommendation ITU-R Sm.1135, SINPO and SINPFEMO codes''. SINPO code is most frequently used in reception reports written by shortwave listeners. Each letter of the code stands for a specific factor of the signal, and each item is graded on a 1 to 5 scale (where 1 stands for nearly undetectable/severe/unusable and 5 for excellent/nil/extremely strong). The code originated with the CCIR (a predecessor to the ITU-R) in 1951, and was widely used by BBC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R-S-T System
The R-S-T system is used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listeners, and other radio hobbyists to exchange information about the quality of a radio signal being received. The code is a three digit number, with one digit each for conveying an assessment of the signal's readability, strength, and tone. The code was developed in 1934 by Amateur radio operator Arthur W. Braaten, W2BSR, and was similar to that codified in the ITU Radio Regulations, Cairo, 1938. Readability The R stands for "Readability". Readability is a qualitative assessment of how easy or difficult it is to correctly copy the information being sent during the transmission. In a Morse code telegraphy transmission, readability refers to how easy or difficult it is to distinguish each of the characters in the text of the message being sent; in a voice transmission, readability refers to how easy or difficult it is for each spoken word to be understood correctly. Readability is measured on a scale of 1 to 5.T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morse Code Abbreviations
Morse code abbreviations are used to speed up Morse communications by foreshortening textual words and phrases. Morse abbreviations are short forms, representing normal textual words and phrases formed from some (fewer) characters taken from the word or phrase being abbreviated. Many are typical English abbreviations, or short acronyms for often-used phrases. Distinct from prosigns and commercial codes Morse code abbreviations are not the same as prosigns. Morse abbreviations are composed of (normal) textual alpha-numeric character symbols with normal Morse code inter-character spacing; the character symbols in abbreviations, unlike the delineated character groups representing Morse code prosigns, are not "run together" or concatenated in the way most prosigns are formed. Although a few abbreviations (such as for "dollar") are carried over from former commercial telegraph codes, almost all Morse abbreviations are ''not'' commercial codes. From 1845 until well into the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
