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Omphalotus
''Omphalotus'' is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom, in the family Omphalotaceae, formally circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional pileus (mycology), cap and stipe (mycology), stem structure. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on the ground, adjacent to host trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)''. Species of ''Omphalotus'' have been mistaken for Cantharellus, chanterelles. All ''Omphalotus'' species are presumed poisonous mushroom, poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some ''Omphalotus'' species have bioluminescent properties. Taxonomy Victor Fayod originally erected the genus with ''Omphalotus olearius, Pleurotus olearius'' and ''Pleurotus eryngii, P. eryngii'' as its principal species in 1889, placing it in a ''tribus'' ("alliance") with the genera ''Pleurotus'' and ''Pleurotellus''. The relationships of the genus have become clearer with geneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Olearius
''Omphalotus olearius'', commonly known as the jack-o'-lantern mushroom, is a poisonous orange gilled mushroom that to an untrained eye appears similar to some chanterelles. It is notable for its bioluminescent properties. It is found in woodland areas in Europe, where it grows on decaying stumps, on buried roots or at the base of hardwood trees. A similar, but phylogenetically distinct species found in eastern North America is '' Omphalotus illudens''. Unlike chanterelles, ''Omphalotus olearius'' and other ''Omphalotus'' species contain the toxin illudin S, and are poisonous to humans. While not typically lethal, consuming this mushroom leads to very severe cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Description ''Omphalotus olearius'' is the same shade of orange internally and externally. It does not change color when bruised or sliced, a feature which helps to distinguish it from visibly similar species. Its bioluminescence, a blue-green color, can be observed in fresh specimens in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Japonicus
''Omphalotus japonicus'', commonly known as the tsukiyotake , is an orange to brown-colored gilled mushroom native to Japan and Eastern Asia. It is a member of the wikt:cosmopolitan, cosmopolitan genus ''Omphalotus'', the members of which have bioluminescence, bioluminescent fruit bodies which glow in darkness. A 2004 molecular phylogenetics, molecular study shows it to be most closely related to a clade composed of ''Omphalotus nidiformis'' of Australia, ''Omphalotus olivascens'' of Western North America and ''Omphalotus olearius'' of Europe. ''Omphalotus japonicus'' is poisonous, its consumption results in acute nausea and vomiting for several hours. It is often confused with edible fungi and mistakenly consumed in Japan. Taxonomy Inoko first described this fungus as ''Pleurotus noctilucens'' in 1889, however the name proved invalid as the binomial had already been used for another species. Given the name ''Pleurotus japonicus'' by Seiichi Kawamura in 1915, it was given the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Illudens
''Omphalotus illudens'', commonly known as the eastern jack-o'lantern mushroom, is a North American species of fungus. Description It forms a large, orange mushroom. The caps grow up to wide. The gills are decurrent and the stem is up to 15 cm long. The flesh is orange and the spore print is white to cream. Its gills often exhibit a weak green bioluminescence when fresh. This green glow has been mentioned in several journal articles, which state that the phenomenon can persist up to 40–50 hours after the mushroom has been picked. It is believed that this display serves to attract insects to the mushroom's gills at night, which can then distribute its spores across a wider area. Similar species ''Omphalotus'' ''lludens'' is replaced by ''O. subilludens'' on the Gulf Coast, and ''O. olivascens'' is found in California. ''Armillaria tabescens'' forms small, dull orange caps. ''Omphalotus illudens'' is sometimes confused with edible chanterelles, but can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus Mexicanus
''Omphalotus mexicanus'' is a gilled basidiomycete mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae. Found in Mexico, it was described as new to science in 1984. Fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ... contain the toxic compounds illudin S and illudin M. Found in the highlands of Mexico and Central America, its fruiting bodies are an unusual dark blue tinted with yellow. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q7090733 mexicanus Fungi described in 1984 Fungi of North America Taxa named by Gastón Guzmán Fungus species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisonous Mushroom
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking. Signs and symptoms Poisonous mushrooms contai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotaceae
The Omphalotaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order (biology), order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are most frequently agarics (gilled mushrooms), but occasionally corticioid (in the genus ''Brunneocorticium'') or poroid (in the genus ''Hymenoporus''). Taxonomy The family was originally described in 1985 by German mycologist Andreas Bresinsky to accommodate the genus ''Omphalotus'' (including ''Lampteromyces'') based on anatomical and morphological characters which he considered distinctive. He placed the family within the Boletales. Subsequent Molecular phylogenetics, molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicated, however, that ''Omphalotus'' belonged within the Agaricales. Moreover, the genus formed a monophyletic clade with a much larger group of fungi, many of which were formerly placed in the Marasmiaceae. The earliest name for this clade is the Omphalotaceae. See also *List of Agaricales families References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurotus
''Pleurotus'' is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, '' P. ostreatus''. Species of ''Pleurotus'' may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. ''Pleurotus'' fungi have also been used in mycoremediation of pollutants, such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Description The caps may be laterally attached (with no stipe). If there is a stipe, it is normally eccentric and the gills are decurrent along it. The term '' pleurotoid'' is used for any mushroom with this general shape. The spores are smooth and elongated (described as "cylindrical"). Where hyphae meet, they are joined by clamp connections. ''Pleurotus'' is not considered to be a bracket fungus, and most of the species are monomitic (with a soft consistency). However, remarkably, '' P. dryinus'' can sometimes be dimitic, meaning that it has additional skeletal hypha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantharellus
''Cantharellus'' is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles (), a name which can also refer to the type species, '' Cantharellus cibarius''. They are mycorrhizal fungi, meaning they form symbiotic associations with plants. Chanterelles may resemble a number of other species, some of which are poisonous. The name comes from the Greek word '' kantharos'' ('tankard, cup'). Chanterelles are one of the most recognized and harvested groups of edible mushrooms. Description Mushrooms in the genus are generally shaped like cups or trumpets. The hue is mostly yellow, with the gills sometimes pinkish. Similar species The false chanterelle ('' Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca'') has finer, more orange gills and a darker cap. It is sometimes regarded as poisonous. The very similar jack-o'-lantern mushroom ('' Omphalotus olearius'') and its sister species ('' Omphalotus olivascens'') are very poisonous, though not lethal. They have true gills (unlike chanterelles) wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Fayod
Victor Fayod (23 November 1860 – 28 April 1900) was a Swiss mycology, mycologist who created an influential novel classification of the agaric Fungus, fungi and described a number of new genera and species. Biographical overview Fayod was born on 23 November 1860 in Ollon, Salaz, a small locality close to the municipality of Bex in the Swiss canton of Vaud. He was a grandson of a famous Swiss geologist, Johann von Charpentier. After attending school in Bex and Lausanne, he studied mathematics and later silviculture at the polytechnic institute ETH Zurich. He was strongly interested in botany and mycology, but his work in those areas had to be conducted in a private capacity. Fayod worked with German botanist Heinrich Anton de Bary in Strasbourg from 1881 to 1882. He then worked as a tutor. He worked in a series of biology-related jobs in Bad Cannstatt, Normandy, Nervi, the Valli Valdesi (a region of the Cottian Alps), and Genoa. He also assisted French bacteriologist Andrà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescent
Bioluminescence is the emission of light during a chemiluminescence reaction by living organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in multifarious organisms ranging from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, dinoflagellates and terrestrial arthropods such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus '' Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In most cases, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the reaction of a substrate called luciferin and an enzyme, called luciferase. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin or cypridina luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the luciferin resulting in excited state oxyluciferin, which is the light emitter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (Stipe (mycology), stipe), a cap (Pileus (mycology), pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. Lamella (mycology), lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paxillaceae
The Paxillaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi bearing close affinity to the boletes. Collectively, the family contains nine genera and 78 species. The type genus is ''Paxillus'', containing fungi with decurrent gills, and '' Gyrodon'', which has members with decurrent pores, among others. French mycologist René Maire had erected the family in 1902, placing it between the agarics and boletes and recognizing the groups' similarities with the latter group. Maire's usage of the name was later deemed to be invalid, and the genus authority is attributed to Johannes Paulus Lotsy. Molecular research confirms the relations of ''Gyrodon'', with the decurrent-pored mushroom '' G. lividus'', ''Paragyrodon'', with the type species ''P. sphaerosporus'', and ''Paxillus'' as sister groups, together lying near the base of a phylogenetic tree from which the genus ''Boletus'' arises. The name Gyrodontaceae, published by Belgian botanist Paul Heinemann in 1951, is considered syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
