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Numagen Languages
The Numugen (Numagen) languages are a small language family, family of closely related languages in the Madang languages, Madang branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG) phylum of New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Numagen River. The languages are: :Usan language, Usan (Wanuma), Karian language, Karian (Bilakura), Yaben language, Yaben, Yarawata language, Yarawata, Parawen language, Parawen, Ukuriguma language, Ukuriguma Proto-language For a list of Proto-Numugen reconstructions, see Pick (2020). Footnotes References * Numagen languages, Languages of Papua New Guinea Amaimon–Numagen languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numagen River
The Numagen River or Numugen River is a river in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.[ Numugen River] at [ Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-06-05; database downloaded 2015-06-22 Numagen languages are spoken in the area. See also *List of rivers of Papua New Guinea References Rivers of Papua New Guinea {{PapuaNewGuinea-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf, and were united during episodes of low sea level in the Pleistocene glaciations as the combined landmass of Sahul. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The island's name was given by Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez during his maritime expedition of 1545 due to the perceived resemblance of the indigenous peoples of the island to those in the Guinea (region), African region of Guinea. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans–New Guinea Languages
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive Language family, family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands, a region corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as Western New Guinea, parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is perhaps the List of language families#By number of languages, third-largest language family in the world by number of languages. The core of the family is considered to be established, but its boundaries and overall membership are uncertain. The languages are spoken by around 3 million people. There have been several main proposals as to its internal classification. History of the proposal Although Papuan languages for the most part are poorly documented, several of the branches of Trans–New Guinea have been recognized for some time. The Eleman languages were first proposed by S. Ray in 1907, parts of Marind languages, Marind were recognized by Ray and JHP Murray in 1918, and the Rai Coast languages in 1919, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madang Languages
The Madang or Madang–Adelbert Range languages are a language family of Papua New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm, followed by Malcolm Ross. William A. Foley concurs that it is "highly likely" that the Madang languages are part of TNG, although the pronouns, the usual basis for classification in TNG, have been "replaced" in Madang. Timothy Usher finds that Madang is closest to the Upper Yuat River languages and other families to its west, but does not for now address whether this larger group forms part of the TNG family. The family is named after Madang Province and the Adelbert Range. History Sidney Herbert Ray identified the Rai Coast family in 1919. In 1951 these were linked with the Mabuso languages by Arthur Capell to create his Madang family. John Z'graggen (1971, 1975) expanded Madang to languages of the Adelbert Range and renamed the family Madang–Adelbert Range, and Stephen Wurm (1975) adopted this as a bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Adelbert Languages
The Northern Adelbert or Pihom–Isumrud languages are a family of twenty languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea. The occupy the coastal northern Adelbert Range Adelbert Range is a mountain range in Madang Province, north-central Papua New Guinea. The highest point of the mountains is at . The Northern Adelbert languages and Southern Adelbert languages are spoken in the region. Fauna and flora As with ... of mountains directly opposite Karkar Island, as opposed to the Southern Adelbert languages, another branch of Madang. Malcolm Ross posited a " linkage" connecting the Northern Adelbert languages with the Mabuso languages, and named this group Croisilles , as the two families bracket Cape Croisilles (Northern Adelbert to the north, Mabuso to the south). However, Ross never claimed Croisilles was an actual language family, and other researchers have rejected the connection. Languages There are approximately 20 Northern Adelbert languages. Below is a comparison o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family. The term ''family'' is a metaphor borrowed from biology, with the tree model used in historical linguistics analogous to a family tree, or to phylogenetic trees of taxa used in evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists thus describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. The divergence of a proto-language into daughter languages typically occurs through geographical separation, with different regional dialects of the proto-language undergoing different language changes and thus becoming distinct languages over time. One well-known example of a language family is the Romance languages, including Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, and many others, all of which are descended from Vulgar Latin.Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.)''Ethnologue: Languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usan Language
Usan, or Wanuma, is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References Numagen languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karian Language
Karian (Karen), also called Bilakura, is a nearly extinct Papuan language of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... It is spoken in Boia and Barto villages. Some speakers also live in Malas, a Manep-speaking village. References Numagen languages Languages of Madang Province Endangered Papuan languages Critically endangered languages {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yarawata Language
Yarawata is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References Numagen languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parawen Language
Parawen is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Phonology Parawen has a small phonemic inventory of nine consonants and three vowels. An epenthetic vowel, generally /ɑ/ but /u/ if the preceding vowel is also /u/, which is usually inserted following a word-final consonant. /b/ is devoiced to word-finally, even when an epenthetic vowel follows. /t/ is realised as adjacent to /i/, and /d/ is post-vocalically. References Numagen languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukuriguma Language
Ukuriguma is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References External links Ukuriguma Swadesh List Numagen languages Languages of Madang Province {{Madang-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
