Norwegian Resistance Movement
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Norwegian Resistance Movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian language, Norwegian: ''Motstandsbevegelsen'') to the German occupation of Norway, occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms: *Asserting the Legitimacy (political science), legitimacy of the Government in exile, exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's Quisling regime, pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's Reichskommissariat Norwegen, military administration *The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture *The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western Norway, Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government *Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation *Civil disobedience and unarmed ...
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Quisling Regime
The Quisling regime, or Quisling government are common names used to refer to the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, collaboration government led by Vidkun Quisling in German occupation of Norway, German-occupied Norway during the Second World War. The official name of the regime from 1 February 1942 until its dissolution in May 1945 was the National Government (). Actual executive power was retained by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen, headed by Josef Terboven. 1940 coup Vidkun Quisling, ''Führer, Fører'' of the Nasjonal Samling party, first tried to carry out a coup against the Norwegian government on 9 April 1940, the day of the Operation Weserübung, German invasion of Norway. At 7:32 p.m., Quisling visited the studios of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and made a radio broadcast proclaiming himself Prime Minister of Norway, Prime Minister and ordering all resistance to halt immediately. He announced that he and Nasjonal Samling were taking power ...
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Western Norway
Western Norway (; ) is the Regions of Norway, region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway. It consists of the Counties of Norway, counties Rogaland, Vestland, and Møre og Romsdal. The region has no official or political-administrative function. The region has a population of approximately 1.4 million people. The largest city is Bergen and the second-largest is Stavanger. Historically the regions of Agder, Vest-Telemark, Hallingdal, Valdres, and northern parts of Gudbrandsdal have been included in Western Norway. Western Norway, as well as other parts of historical regions of Norway, shares a common history with Denmark-Norway, Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Iceland and to a lesser extent the Netherlands and Britain. For example, the Icelandic horse is a close relative of the Fjord horse and both the Faroese language, Faroese and Icelandic languages are based on the Old West Norse. In early Norsemen, Norse times, people from Western Norway became settlers at the West ...
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Elverum (town)
Elverum () is a List of towns and cities in Norway, town in Elverum Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. It is located in the western part of the municipality along the river Glomma, about east of the town of Hamar. The town is the regional centre for commerce and industry for the middle Østerdalen valley and the northern part of Solør. The old village of Elverum has grown over the years and in 1996, the Municipal council (Norway), municipal council of Elverum Municipality granted the urban village of Elverum List of towns and cities in Norway, town status. The town has a population (2024) of 15,869 and a population density of . The town is located on both sides of the river Glomma. The eastern side of the river is referred to as ''Leiret''. This is where the main commercial area is as well as Elverum Church, Elverum Hospital, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, the municipal hall, and other governmenta ...
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Hamar
Hamar is a List of cities in Norway, town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet Counties of Norway, county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the Districts of Norway, traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county. The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of the municipality, and the urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker and Stange municipalities. The town has a population (2021) of 28,535 and a population density of . About and 2,109 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another and 305 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality. General information Name The municipality (originally the town) is named after the old farm (). The Middle Ages, medieval market ...
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Storting
The Storting ( ; ) is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. It is located in Oslo. The Unicameralism, unicameral parliament has 169 members and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation in nineteen Voting systems#Multiple-winner methods, multi-seat constituencies. A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a ''stortingsrepresentant'', literally "Storting representative". The assembly is led by a president and, since 2009, five vice presidents: the presidium. The members are allocated to twelve standing committees as well as four procedural committees. Three ombudsmen are directly subordinate to parliament: the Norwegian Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee, Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight Committee and the Office of the Auditor General of Norway, Office of the Auditor General. Parliamentary system, Parliamentarianism was established in 1884, with the Storting operating a form ...
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Curt Bräuer
Curt Bräuer (24 February 1889 – 8 September 1969) was a German career diplomat. Born in Breslau, in what is modern-day Poland, Bräuer entered service in the German foreign ministry in 1920. From 1928 to 1930, he was a member of the German Democratic Party. On 1 August 1935, he joined the Nazi Party. At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Bräuer was posted at the German embassy in Paris. Later that year, Bräuer was named as envoy to Norway, and served in Oslo beginning on 14 November 1939. Bräuer was Germany's representative in Norway at the time of the invasion of Norway in April 1940. Until the invasion, the official German foreign policy was to respect Norwegian neutrality, a line which Bräuer is said to have agreed with and worked toward. However, on the evening of 8 April 1940, the envoy received orders from Berlin — he was to be Hitler's representative and deliver a German ultimatum for the occupation of Norway to the Norwegian government the n ...
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Birger Ljungberg
Birger Ljungberg (7 June 1884 – 20 April 1967) was a Norwegian military officer and politician from the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Defence from 1939–1942. Ljungberg was criticized for his actions at the beginning of the Norwegian campaign, the German invasion of Norway, when he did not ensure the rest of the cabinet knew that an ordered partial mobilization Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war. The word ''mobilization'' was first used in a military context in the 1850s to describe the preparation of the ... would go out in secret, without a public declaration, and slowly by post. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ljungberg, Birger 1884 births 1967 deaths Norwegian Army World War II generals Ministers of defence of Norway ...
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Halvdan Koht
Halvdan Koht (7 July 1873 – 12 December 1965) was a Norwegian historian and politician representing the Labour Party. Born in the north of Norway to a fairly distinguished family, he soon became interested in politics and history. Starting his political career in the Liberal Party, he switched to the Labour Party around the turn of the 20th century. He represented that party in the Bærum municipal council for parts of the interwar period. He was never elected a member of Parliament, but served nonetheless as Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1935 to 1940, as part of the government-in-exile following Germany's invasion of Norway. In the latter capacity he sought to preserve Norway's neutrality in the Second World War, a decision that garnered him political infamy. Growing discontentment with Koht's political decisions ultimately led to his exit from the cabinet. After the war, however, he returned to his academic career track and wrote major works in the 195 ...
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Johan Nygaardsvold
Johan Nygaardsvold (; 6 September 1879 – 13 March 1952) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party who served as the prime minister of Norway from 1935 to 1945. From June 1940 until May 1945, he oversaw the Norwegian Government-in-exile from London as head of the Nygaardsvold cabinet during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. Background Nygaardsvold was born in Hommelvik, the administrative centre of Malvik Municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. His parents were Anders Nygaardsvold (1839–1897) and Andrea Ratvold (1845–1929). His father was a tenant farmer and a founding member of the first labour union in the area. Johan took his first job as a lumber mill worker when he was 12 years old. On 6 June 1901, he married Albine Regine Brandslet (1878–1961). Nygaardsvold and his wife emigrated to Canada in 1902 where he took jobs in British Columbia, and in the US in Kalispell, Montana, and Spokane, Washington. He and his wife returned to Norway i ...
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Unarmed Resistance
Nonviolent resistance, or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group. Mahatma Gandhi is the most popular figure related to this type of protest; United Nations celebrates Gandhi's birthday, October 2, as the International Day of Non-Violence. Other prominent advocates include Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Henry David Thoreau, Etienne de la Boétie, Charles Stewart Parnell, Te Whiti o Rongomai, Tohu Kākahi, Leo Tolstoy, Alice Paul, Martin Luther King Jr., Daniel Berrigan, Philip Berrigan, James Bevel, Václav Havel, Andrei Sakharov, Lech Wałęsa, Gene ...
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Civil Disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active and professed refusal of a citizenship, citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders, or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be called "civil". Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. Henry David Thoreau's essay ''Resistance to Civil Government'', first published in 1849 and then published posthumously in 1866 as ''Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), Civil Disobedience'', popularized the term in the US, although the concept itself was practiced long before this work. Various forms of civil disobedience have been used by prominent activists, such as Women's suffrage in the United States, American women's suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony in the late 19th century, Egyptian nationalist Saad Zaghloul during the 1910s, and Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi in 1920s British Raj, British India as part of his leadership of the ...
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Commando
A commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines. Originally, "a commando" was a type of combat unit, as opposed to an individual in that unit. In other languages, ''commando'' and ''kommando'' denote a "Command (military formation), command", including the sense of a military or an elite special operations unit. In the militaries and governments of most countries, commandos are distinctive in that they specialize in unconventional assault on high-value targets. In English, to distinguish between an individual commando and a commando unit, the unit is occasionally capitalized. In China, the term "commando unit" (突击队) does not necessarily refer to a commando unit, but refers to special forces and Police tactical unit, police tactical units in general. Such use includes the Special Operations Brigade (PLA Navy Marine Corps), Jiaolong Command ...
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