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Normed Spaces
The Ateliers et Chantiers de France (ACF, Workshops and Shipyards of France) was a major shipyard that was established in Dunkirk, France, in 1898. The shipyard boomed in the period before World War I (1914–18), but struggled in the inter-war period. It was badly damaged during World War II (1939–45). In the first thirty years after the war the shipyard again experienced a boom and employed up to 3,000 workers making oil tankers, and then liquid natural gas tankers. Demand dropped off in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972 the shipyard became Chantiers de France-Dunkerque, and in 1983 merged with others yards to become part of Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, or Normed. The shipyard closed in 1987. Foundation (1898–99) The Ateliers et Chantiers de France (ACF) company was officially founded on 6 July 1898 by a consortium of six shipping brokers, the Dunkirk chamber of commerce and the state. The state asked that the shipyard be able to build steamships and also four-masted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slipway
A slipway, also known as boat ramp or launch or boat deployer, is a ramp on the shore by which ships or boats can be moved to and from the water. They are used for building and repairing ships and boats, and for launching and retrieving small boats on trailers towed by automobiles and flying boats on their undercarriage. The nautical terms ways and skids are alternative names for slipway. A ship undergoing construction in a shipyard is said to be ''on the ways''. If a ship is scrapped there, she is said to be ''broken up in the ways''. As the word "slip" implies, the ships or boats are moved over the ramp, by way of crane or fork lift. Prior to the move the vessel's hull is coated with grease, which then allows the ship or boat to "slip" off the ramp and progress safely into the water. Slipways are used to launch (newly built) large ships, but can only dry-dock or repair smaller ships. Pulling large ships against the greased ramp would require too much force. Therefo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Athos
SS ''Athos'' was a French cargo-passenger ship of the Messageries Maritimes, launched in 1914, that was sunk in the Mediterranean by the German submarine during World War I. Ship history Construction of the ship started on 25 July 1914 in Dunkirk, but was halted when the city was bombed during the First Battle of Ypres. The ship was towed to Saint Nazaire, where it was completed as a troopship and not, as intended, as a passenger ship. Measuring 12,644 gross register tons, the ship was long, with a beam of . Her speed was . Her first voyage was to China, leaving on 28 November 1915. Her second was between 29 October and 26 December 1916 from Marseille to Yokohama and back. At 12:27 on 17 February 1917, during her third voyage, ''Athos'' was torpedoed by the German submarine commanded by Hermann von Fischel, while east by south of Malta. Aboard ''Athos'' were 1,950 people, including the crew, Chinese Labour Corps, a large continent of Senegalese Tirailleurs The Sen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Winnipeg
SS ''Winnipeg'' was a French steamer notable for arriving at Valparaíso, Chile, on 3 September 1939, with 2,200 Spanish immigrants aboard. The refugees were fleeing Spain after Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). The Chilean President Pedro Aguirre Cerda had named the poet Pablo Neruda Special Consul in Paris for Immigration, and he was charged with what he called "the noblest mission I have ever undertaken": shipping the Spanish refugees, who had been housed by the French government in internment camps, to Chile. History After the end of the Spanish Civil War, Pablo Neruda noticed that many Spanish Republicans had fled in exile to France where they were detained in squalid camps in miserable conditions. The poet, who was then living in Chile, decided to organize their travel to Chile. He first worked as Chilean consul in Spain, before being named consul in Paris. The ship was an old French cargo ship which ordinarily could not take more than 250 person ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Ducato-class Vehicle Cargo Ship
The ''Cape Ducato'' class are five roll-on/roll-off vehicle cargo ships of the United States Navy used to rapidly transport US military unit equipment such as tanks, helicopters, wheeled vehicles and other heavy equipment, to support deployed forces worldwide. Built by Eriksbergs MV AB of Sweden and the Ateliers et Chantiers de France between 1971 and 1973, the ships served commercially before being purchased by the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) in late 1985 from the Barber Steamship Company. All five ships are currently berthed at Charleston, South Carolina as part of the Ready Reserve Force (RRF) in Reduced Operational Status "ROS-5", which allows for a transition to full operating status within five days under the Military Sealift Command. Ships * . Laid down in 1972, as MV ''Barranduna'' by Eriksbergs MV, Sweden. Acquired by MARAD, 18 November 1985. * . Laid down, c. 1972–1973, as MV ''Lalandia'' by Eriksbergs, Sweden. Purchased from Barber Steamship Co. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seafrance Nord Pas De Calais
SeaFrance was a ferry company based in France, wholly owned by the French railways, SNCF, which operated ferry services between Calais, France, and Dover, England. The company employed a total of 1,850 staff, including 1,300 seagoing personnel, and was the largest employer in the town of Calais. Its sister company, SeaFrance Limited, employed 200 in England. On 9 January 2012 the Commercial Court (France), Commercial Court in Paris announced their decision to liquidate SeaFrance. From then on the company was prohibited from trading, with the loss of 1,850 jobs. History SeaFrance began operations between Dover and Calais in 1996 after the termination of a pooling agreement with Sealink (by then known as Stena Line, Stena Sealink Line) in 1995. The service initially began with the former Sealink vessels ''Fiesta'' and ''Côte d'Azur'' which became ''SeaFrance Cézanne'' and ''SeaFrance Renoir'' respectively after extensive refurbishments to create a distinctive French atmosphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS Nord Pas-de-Calais
MS ''Al Andalus Express'' (formerly ''Nord Pas-de-Calais'') is a freight ferry owned by Eurotunnel and operated by Naviera Armas. She was built in 1987 by Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee, Dunkirk (Yard No 325) for ''Societe Nationale des Chemin de Fer Francais'' (SNCF) as a multi-purpose passenger and roll-on roll-off ferry for lorries and railway vehicles. After the introduction of Eurotunnel there was no need for a train ferry, so SNCF was losing money running her. She was acquired by SNAT and Stena Sealink in 1989, which operated the ''Nord Pas-de-Calais'' until 31 December 1995. From 1 January 1996 SNAT operated as SeaFrance. The vessel was renamed ''SeaFrance Nord Pas-de-Calais''. SeaFrance operated until November 2011, and was liquidated on 9 January 2012. Eurotunnel won the bid for the three of the former SeaFrance vessels the original name of the vessel was restored, dropping the ''SeaFrance'' prefix. MyFerryLink started running on 20 August 2012, although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stena Line
Stena Line is a Swedish Shipping line, shipping line company and one of the world's largest ferry operators. It services Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland and Sweden. Stena Line is a major unit of Stena AB, itself a part of the Stena Sphere. It is a sister company to Stena Bulk, one of largest tanker companies in the world. History Formation Stena Line was founded in 1962 by Sten Allan Olsson, Sten A. Olsson in Gothenburg, Sweden, which still serves as the company's headquarters, when he acquired Skagenlinjen between Gothenburg and Frederikshavn, Denmark. In 1972, Stena Line was one of the first ferry operators in Europe to introduce a computer-based reservation system for the travel business area. In 1978, the freight business area also started operating a computer-based reservation system. Freight The first freight-focused route started between Gothenburg, Sweden, and Kiel, Germany. The ship was the MS ''Stena T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNG Carrier
An LNG carrier is a tank ship designed for transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG). Overview The first oceangoing liquified natural gas tanker in the world was '' Methane Pioneer'', which entered service in 1959 with a carrying capacity of 5,500 cubic metres (190,000 cu ft). LNG carriers of increasing size have been built since then, leading to the fleet of today, where giant Q-Max LNG ships sail worldwide that can each carry up to . A boom in U.S. natural gas production was enabled by hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"), creating large growth in natural gas production from 2010. The first U.S. LNG export facility was completed in 2016, with more following. The increasing supply of natural gas in the U.S. and export facilities expanded the demand for LNG carriers, to transport LNG around the world. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine dramatically increased the demand for LNG shipping worldwide. U.S. shipments to Europe more than doubled in 2022, to 2.7 trillion cubic fee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure. LNG is odorless, Transparency and translucency, colorless, toxicity, non-toxic and Corrosive substance, non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and asphyxia. The Liquefaction of gases, liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then condensation, condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately ; maximum transport pressure is set at around (gauge pressure), which is about 0.25 times atmospheric pressure at sea level. The gas extracted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schneider Group
Empain-Schneider was a Franco-Belgian industrial group formed in the 1960s from the merger of Belgium's Empain group and France's Schneider & Cie. In 1980, it was renamed Schneider SA. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the group was comprehensively restructured and sold most of its historic activities while acquiring operations linked to electrical equipment, leading up to its renaming in 1999 as Schneider Electric. History In 1963, the Empain group acquired control of Schneider & Cie from the Schneider family, following the untimely death in 1960 of Charles Schneider. Despite economic-nationalistic misgivings from France's president Charles de Gaulle, the two groups gradually integrated their operations and structures in the following decade: * Electrical and mechanical engineering: in 1964, Empain's (est. 1898) and Schneider's (est. 1929), merged to form Jeumont-Schneider; * Banking: in 1967, Empain's and Schneider's (UEIF, est. 1920), merged to form the (BUE), headqua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
