|
New Islands
Below is a list of new islands created since the beginning of the 20th century by volcanism, erosion, glacial retreat, or other mechanisms. One of the most famous new volcanic islands is the small island of Surtsey, located in the Atlantic Ocean south of Iceland. It first emerged from the ocean surface in 1963. Two years later, Surtsey was declared a nature reserve for the study of ecological succession; plants, insects, birds, seals, and other forms of life have since established themselves on the island. Another noted new island is Anak Krakatau (the so-called "child of Krakatoa", which formed in the flooded caldera of that notorious volcano in Indonesia), which emerged only in 1930. Ample rainforests have grown there, although they are often destroyed by frequent eruptions. A population of many wild animals, including insects, birds, humanborne rats, and even monitor lizards, have also settled there. Didicas Volcano off the northern coast of Luzon Island in the Philippines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface. Causes For volcanism to occur, the temperature of the mantle must have risen to about half its melting point. At this point, the mantle's viscosity will have dropped to about 1021 Pascal-seconds. When large scale melting occurs, the viscosity rapidly falls to 103 Pascal-seconds or even less, increasing the heat transport rate a million-fold. The occurrence of volcanism is partially due to the fact that melted materi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenland are full Danish nationality law, citizens of Denmark and European Union citizenship, of the European Union. Greenland is one of the Special territories of members of the European Economic Area#Overseas countries and territories, Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union and is part of the Council of Europe. It is the List of islands by area, world's largest island, and lies between the Arctic Ocean, Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Arctic Archipelago, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the location of the northernmost point of land in the world; Kaffeklubben Island off the northern coast is the world's Northernmost point of land, northernmost undisputed point of land—Cape Morris Jesup on the mainland was thought to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Volcanoes
Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth.Martin R. Speight, Peter A. Henderson, "Marine Ecology: Concepts and Applications", John Wiley & Sons, 2013. . Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years. Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes. Effect of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iwo Jima
is one of the Japanese Volcano Islands, which lie south of the Bonin Islands and together with them make up the Ogasawara Subprefecture, Ogasawara Archipelago. Together with the Izu Islands, they make up Japan's Nanpō Islands. Although south of Tokyo on Honshu, Iwo Jima is administered as part of the Ogasawara Subprefecture of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Only in size, the island is still volcanic island, volcanic and emits sulfurous gases. The highest point of Iwo Jima is Mount Suribachi at high. Although likely passed by Micronesians who made their way to the Bonins to the north, Iwo Jima was largely ignored by the Spanish Empire, Spanish, Dutch Empire, Dutch, British Empire, British, and Empire of Japan, Japanese until a relatively late date after its 1543 rediscovery. The Japanese eventually colonized the island, administering it as the Iojima, Tokyo, Ioto or Iojima Village under Tokyo's jurisdiction until all civilians were forcibly evacuated to Honshu in July 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island#Tropical islands, tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total area of but only two of the islands are permanently inhabited, Chichijima and Hahajima. Together, their population was 2,560 as of 2021. Administratively, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture also includes the settlements on the Volcano Islands and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Self-Defense Force post on Iwo Jima. The seat of government is Chichijima. Because of the Bonins' isolation, many of their animals and plants have undergone unique evolutionary processes. It has been called "the Galápagos Islands, Galápagos of the Orient" and was named a natural World Heritage Site in 2011. When first reached during the early modern period, the islands were entirely uninhabited. Subsequent research has found ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)
is a volcano, volcanic island located around south-southeast of Tokyo that is part of the Volcano Islands arc. Nishinoshima is located about 130km to the west of the nearest inhabited Bonin Islands, Ogasawara islands, Chichijima, Chichijima Island, hence the name; the other Ogasawara island groups are aligned more to the north–south. The nearest of the other Volcano Islands is over 270km away, but Nishinoshima is on the alignment of the Volcano Islands. It was formed by ash from an underwater volcanic eruption. Originally the above-water part of the ridge of an underwater caldera, Nishinoshima was enlarged in 1974 after eruptions created a new section of the island. Another eruption that began in November 2013 further enlarged the island and attracted worldwide attention and also made people concerned. A volcanic cone soon formed, rising to an estimated height of by July 2016. The eruptions ceased by November 2015, though emissions of volcanic gases continued for several mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 Balochistan Earthquakes
The 2013 Balochistan earthquakes were the deadliest to affect Pakistan since 2005. The mainshock, occurring on 24 September, had a Moment magnitude scale, moment magnitude of 7.8 and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). It had an epicenter located in Awaran District, northwest of Bela, Pakistan, Bela. The mainshock killed over 820 people, injured hundreds of others, and left 100,000 people homeless. The Awaran District was among the worst affected with 80 percent of its housing stock damaged or destroyed. On 28 September, the region was affected by a 6.8 aftershock, killing an additional 15 people. Rescue and recovery efforts were severely hampered by insurgents who attacked military troops sent to distribute aid. These attacks also prompted the Pakistan government to close its doors to international aid. Tectonic setting On a broad scale, the tectonics of southern and central Pakistan reflect a complex Tectonic plate, plate bounda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwadar
Gwadar (, ) is a Port, port city on the southwestern coast of the Administrative units of Pakistan, Pakistani province of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan. The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, opposite Oman and has a population of over 90,000, according to the 2017 Pakistani Census, 2017 census. It was an overseas possession of Oman from 1783 to Gwadar Purchase, 1958. It is about southwest of Turbat. The sister port city of Chabahar in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan province, Sistan and Baluchestan province is about to the west of Gwadar. On 2 April 2021, it was declared the winter capital of Balochistan. The main industrial concern is a fish-processing factory. Gwadar became part of the sultanate of Muscat and Oman in 1797, and it was not until 1958 that the town and adjoining hinterland were exchanged from Oman to Pakistan. Gwadar came in the focus of attention after the Kargil War when Pakistan felt the need of having a military naval port and the Karachi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalzala Koh
Zalzala Koh (, ''Earthquake Mountain'') or Zalzala Jazeera (, ''Earthquake Island'') was a small island off the coast of the port city of Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan which appeared on 24 September 2013 just hours after a powerful earthquake in Blochistan on that day. As predicted by many geologists, the island soon started to submerge, with satellite images indicating the island had sunk into the sea one month after its initial appearance. By the end of 2016, the island had disappeared. Formation Zalzala Koh may have been a mud volcano,"Pakistan earthquake creates new island, 'mud volcano to blame'" NBC News. located in the |
