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Native American Literature
Native American literature encompasses both oral literature, oral and written works produced by Native Americans in the United States (distinct from Indigenous First Nations writers in Canada), from pre-Columbian times through to today. Famous authors include N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Simon Ortiz, Louise Erdrich, Gerald Vizenor, Joy Harjo, Sherman Alexie, D'Arcy McNickle, James Welch (writer), James Welch, Charles Eastman, Mourning Dove (author), Mourning Dove, Zitkala-Sa, John Rollin Ridge, Lynn Riggs, Hanay Geiogamah, William Apess, Samson Occom, and Stephen Graham Jones. Importantly, it is not "a" literature, but a set of literatures, since every tribe has its own unique cultural traditions. Since the 1960s, it has also become a significant field of Literary criticism, literary studies, with academic journals, departments, and conferences devoted to the subject. Oral traditions Native American literature arises from a rich set of Oral literature, oral traditions p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Literature
Oral literature, orature, or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung in contrast to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used varying descriptions for oral literature or folk literature. A broad conceptualization refers to it as literature characterized by oral transmission and the absence of any fixed form. It includes the stories, legends, and history passed through generations in a spoken form. Background Pre-literate societies, by definition, have no written literature, but may possess rich and varied oral traditions—such as folk epics, folk narratives (including fairy tales and fables), folk drama, proverbs and folksongs—that effectively constitute an oral literature. Even when these are collected and published by scholars such as folklorists and paremiographers, the result is still often referred to as "oral literature". The different genr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samson Occom
Samson Occom (1723 – July 14, 1792; also misspelled as Occum and Alcom) was a member of the Mohegan nation, from near New London, Connecticut, who became a Presbyterian cleric. Occom was the second Native American to publish his writings in English (after son-in-law Joseph Johnson (Mohegan/Brothertown) whose letter to Moses Paul, published April 1772, preceded Occom's by 6 months), the first Native American to write down his autobiography, and also helped found several settlements, including what ultimately became known as the Brothertown Indians. Together with the missionary John Eliot, Occom became one of the foremost missionaries who cross-fertilised Native American communities with Christianized European culture. Early life and education Born to Joshua Tomacham and his wife Sarah, Occom is believed to be a descendant of Uncas, the notable Mohegan chief. According to his autobiography, at the age of 16 or 17, Occom heard the teachings of Christian evangelical preachers in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Joseph Mathews
John Joseph Mathews (November 16, 1894 – June 16, 1979) became one of the Osage Nation's most important spokespeople and writers of the mid-20th century, and served on the Osage Tribal Council from 1934 to 1942. Mathews was born into an influential Osage family, the son of William Shirley Mathews an Osage Nation tribal councilor. He studied at the University of Oklahoma, Oxford University, and the University of Geneva and served as a pilot during World War I. Mathews' first book was a history, ''Wah'kon-tah: The Osage and The White Man's Road'' (1929), which was selected by the Book-of-the-Month Club as their first by an academic press, became a bestseller. His second book, '' Sundown'' (1934) is his most well known, an exploration of the disruption of the people and their society at the time of the oil boom, which also attracted criminal activities by leading whites in the county and state, including murder of Osage. His third book, ''Talking to the Moon'' (1945), has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surrounded
''The Surrounded'', D'Arcy McNickle, D’Arcy McNickle's first book, was first published in 1936 by Harcourt (publisher), Harcourt, Brace and Company then republished in 1964 and again in 1978 by the University of New Mexico Press. McNickle was a Cree Métis author enrolled as Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Salish-Kootenai on the Flathead Indian Reservation. ''The Surrounded'' takes place in the Sniél-emen Valley, which translates to “Mountains of the surrounded,” on the Flathead Reservation in Montana at the ranch of Max Leon, Archilde's father. The story begins with Archilde Leon, who is half Salish and half Spaniards, Spaniard, returning from Portland, Oregon, Portland where he worked in white society. Upon his return he feels separated from his homeland and culture. The story follows Archilde's internal struggle between European Americans, Euro-American and Native Americans in the United States, American Indian culture, as he attempts to reconcile with his fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cogewea
''Co=ge=we=a, The Half-Blood: A Depiction of the Great Montana Cattle Range'' is a 1927 Western romance novel by Mourning Dove, also known as ''Hum-Ishu-Ma'', or Christine Quintasket ( Okanogan and Arrow Lakes). It is one of the earliest novels written by an indigenous woman from the Plateau region. The novel includes the first example of Native American literary criticism. Cogewea, the eponymous protagonist, is a woman of mixed-race ancestry, both Indigenous and Euro-American, who feels caught between her two worlds. She works on the ranch of her sister and white brother-in-law in Montana, where she is respected for her talents and skills. A European American from the East, Alfred Densmore, joins the ranch as an inexperienced ranch-hand. Cogewea is torn between the world of her white father and that of her Okanagan (spelled "Okanogan" in the novel) grandmother, Stemteema. Her work was supported by editor Lucullus Virgil McWhorter, an American anthropologist and activist for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquin Murrieta
Joaquin Murrieta Carrillo (sometimes misspelled Murieta or Murietta) (c. 1829 – July 25, 1853), also called the Robin Hood of the West or the Robin Hood of El Dorado, was a Mexicans, Mexican figure of disputed historicity. The novel ''The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta: The Celebrated California Bandit'' (1854) by John Rollin Ridge is ostensibly his story. Legends subsequently arose about a notorious outlaw in California during the California Gold Rush of the 1850s, but evidence for a historical Murrieta is scarce. Contemporary documents record testimony in 1852 concerning a minor horse thief of that name. Newspapers reported a '' bandido'' named Joaquin, who robbed and killed several people during the same time. A California Rangers, California Ranger named Harry Love (lawman), Harry Love was assigned to track down Murrieta and was said to have brought his head in for the bounty. The popular legend of Joaquin Murrieta was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Life And Adventures Of Joaquín Murieta
''The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta: The Celebrated California Bandit'' (1854) was published by John Rollin Ridge, writing as "Yellow Bird". It is considered to be one of the first novels written in California and the first novel to be published by a Native American., p. 33 The novel describes the life of a legendary bandit named Joaquín Murrieta who was once a dignified citizen of Mexico. The protagonist becomes corrupt after traveling to California during the California gold rush. Published as a fictional biography, the book was taken as truth by many historians of the time. The novel received mass attention and was translated to various European languages, including French and Spanish. The novel was also highly plagiarized and Ridge never received the economic gain he hoped for. Author biography John Rollin Ridge was born in the Cherokee Nation in New Echota in 1827 (now Georgia). He was given the Cherokee name ''Chees-quat-a-law-ny,'' or Yellow Bird. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life Among The Piutes
''Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims'' is a book that was written by Sarah Winnemucca in 1883. It is both an autobiographic memoir and a history of the Paiute people during their first forty years of contact with European Americans. It is considered the "first known autobiography written by a Native American woman."''Voices from the Gaps:'' "Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins" University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, T ...
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Sarah Winnemucca
Sarah (née Winnemucca) Hopkins ( – October 17, 1891) was a Northern Paiute writer, activist, lecturer, teacher, and school organizer. Her Northern Paiute name was Thocmentony, also spelled Tocmetone, which translates as " Shell Flower." Sarah Winnemucca was born near Humboldt Lake, Nevada, into an influential Northern Paiute family who led their community in pursuing friendly relations with the arriving groups of Anglo-American settlers. She was the daughter of Chief Winnemucca of the Paiute nation and the granddaughter of Chief Truckee. At 16, Sarah studied at a Catholic school in San Jose, California. When the Paiute War erupted between the Pyramid Lake Paiute and the settlers, including some who were friends of the Winnemucca family, Sarah and some of her family traveled to San Francisco and Virginia City to escape the fighting. They made a living performing onstage as "A Paiute Royal Family." In 1865, while the Winnemucca family was away, their band was attacked by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metacomet
Metacomet (c. 1638 in Massachusetts – August 12, 1676), also known as Pometacom, Metacom, and by his adopted English name King Philip,Lepore, Jill. ''The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity'' New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. Note: King Philip "was also known as Metacom, or Metacomet. King Philip may well have been a name that he adopted, as it was common for Natives to take other names. King Philip had on several occasions signed as such and has been referred to by other natives by that name." was sachem (elected Tribal chief, chief from 1662–1676) to the Wampanoag people and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. Metacomet became sachem after Massasoit's death. Metacomet was killed on August 12, 1676 near Mount Hope (Rhode I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Short Narrative Of My Life
''A Short Narrative of My Life'' is an autobiographical account by Rev. Samson Occom (1723–1792) and is one of the earliest English-language writings by a Native American. It was written in 1768. Original Documentation The original document, specifically the second draft of Samson Occom’s ''A Short Narrative of My Life'', is kept in the Dartmouth Libraries. This version includes handwritten annotations, likely added by a 19th-century editor, which reflect efforts to interpret Occom’s original handwriting. Synopsis This autobiographical narrative recounts the religious experiences and life journey of Samson Occom, beginning at age 16 when he experienced a profound spiritual awakening during a Christian minister’s preaching to his community. Inspired by the message of the minister, he decided to pursue his spiritual and academic career. He began to teach himself to read, before seeking formal instruction under the guidance of Reverend Eleazar Wheelock. Despite Occom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, society, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. The term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological anthropology, Biological (or physical) anthropology studies the biology and evolution of Human evolution, humans and their close primate relatives. Archaeology, often referred to as the "anthropology of the past," explores human activity by examining physical remains. In North America and Asia, it is generally regarded as a branch of anthropology, whereas in Europe, it is considered either an independent discipline or classified under related fields like history and palaeontology. Etymology The abstract noun ''wikt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
