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National Symbols Of Iran
Official symbols Flag Emblem * * * * * * Anthem * '' Salām-e Shāh'' * Imperial Anthem of Iran * '' Ey Iran'' * '' Payandeh Bada Iran'' Unofficial symbols Cultural heritage Musical instruments * Santur'' *Setar *Tar *Kamancheh * Ney-anban * Chang * Daf Holidays *Nowruz * 13 Be-Dar * Tirgan *Mehregan * Yalda *Sadeh *Sepandārmazgān * Chaharshanbe Suri Literature *''Avesta'' *''One Thousand and One Nights'' *''Shahnameh'' *''Masnavi'' *''Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam'' *'' Divan of Hafez'' *'' Gulistan'' *'' Bustan'' *'' Mantiq-ut-Ṭayr'' *'' Panj gang'' Mythical people *Keyumars * Mashya and Mashyana *Jamshid * Arash Kamangir *Rostam *Zahhak *Fereydun * Esfandiar * Zal * Siyavash Mythical creatures * Homa * Simorgh * Ghoghnos * Chamrosh * Shirdal Games *Chess (Shatranj) *Backgammon ( Nard) * Hokm * Shelem Sports *Wrestling * Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals *Polo Arts *Persian calligraphy *Persian carpet *Persian literature *Persian miniature * Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang (instrument)
The chang (; ; ; ''al-ǧank'' or صَنْج ''ṣanǧ''; Georgia (country), Georgian: :ka:ჩანგი, ჩანგი ''changi'') is a Persian traditional music, Persian musical instrument, a vertical angular harp. It was very popular and used widely during the times of ancient Persia, especially during the Sasanian Dynasty where it was often played in the Shah, shahs' court. It was also played until the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire but has since disappeared from Turkish folk music. History The chang first appears in paintings and wall art in Persia in about 4000 BCE. In these paintings and mosaics, the chang went from the original arched harp to an angular harp in the early 1900s BCE, with vertical or horizontal sound boxes. From the Hellenistic period (~300 BCE) and through beginning of Common Era (~1 CE), the chang changed shape to be less of a handheld instrument and more of a large, standing harp, and subsequently gained in popularity. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam
''Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám'' is the title that Edward FitzGerald (poet), Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from Persian language, Persian to English of a selection of quatrains (') attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of Persia". Although commercially unsuccessful at first, FitzGerald's work was popularised from 1861 onward by Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar), Whitley Stokes, and the work came to be greatly admired by the Pre-Raphaelites in England. FitzGerald had a third edition printed in 1872, which increased interest in the work in the United States. By the 1880s, the book was extremely popular throughout the English-speaking world, to the extent that numerous "Omar Khayyam clubs" were formed and there was a " cult of the Rubaiyat". FitzGerald's work has been published in several hundred editions and has inspired similar translation efforts in English, Hindi and in many other languages. Sources The authenticity of the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masnavi
The ''Masnavi'', or ''Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi'' (, DIN 31635, DMG: ''Mas̲navī-e maʻnavī''), also written ''Mathnawi'', or ''Mathnavi'', is an extensive poem written in Persian language, Persian by Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, also known as Rumi. It is a series of six books of poetry that together amount to around 25,000 verses or 50,000 lines.Allamah Mohamad Taghi Jafari, ''Tafsir Masnavi''Karim Zamani, ''Tafsir Masnavi Ma'navi'' The ''Masnavi'' is one of the most influential works of Sufism, ascribed to be like a "Quran in Persian". Some Muslims regard the ''Masnavi'' as one of the most important works of Islamic literature, falling behind only the Quran. It has been viewed by many commentators as the greatest mystical poem in world literature. It is a spiritual text that teaches Sufis how to reach their goal of being truly in love with God. General description The title ''Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi'' () means "The Spiritual Masnavi (poetic form), Couplets". The ''Masnavi'' is a poet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnameh
The ''Shahnameh'' (, ), also transliterated ''Shahnama'', is a long epic poem written by the Persian literature, Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the ''Shahnameh'' is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the Persian mythology, mythical and to some extent the historical past of the Persian Empire from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater Greater Iran, region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia (country), Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic. The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Thousand And One Nights
''One Thousand and One Nights'' (, ), is a collection of Middle Eastern folktales compiled in the Arabic language during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as ''The Arabian Nights'', from the first English-language edition (), which rendered the title as ''The Arabian Nights' Entertainments''. The work was collected over many centuries by various authors, translators, and scholars across West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa. Some tales trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic, Persian, and Mesopotamian literature. Most tales, however, were originally folk stories from the Abbasid and Mamluk eras, while others, especially the frame story, are probably drawn from the Pahlavi Persian work (, ), which in turn may be translations of older Indian texts. Common to all the editions of the ''Nights'' is the framing device of the story of the ruler Shahryar being narrated the tales by his wife Scheherazade, with one tale told ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avesta
The Avesta (, Book Pahlavi: (), Persian language, Persian: ()) is the text corpus of Zoroastrian literature, religious literature of Zoroastrianism. All its texts are composed in the Avestan language and written in the Avestan alphabet. Modern Edition (book), editions of the Avesta are based on the various manuscript traditions that have survived in Zoroastrianism in India, India and Zoroastrianism in Iran, Iran. The individual texts of the Avesta were originally Oral tradition, oral compositions. They were composed over a long period of several centuries during the Avestan period, Old Iranian period (possibly ranging from 15th century BCE – 4th century BCE). The written transmission began during the Sassanian empire, Sassanian period, with the creation of the Avestan alphabet. The resulting texts were then compiled into a comprehensive edition of the Sasanian Avesta, Avesta in 21 volumes. This edition was lost sometime after the 10th century CE and only a small part survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaharshanbe Suri
Chaharshanbeh Suri or Charshanbeh Suri or Chahar shanbe suri (; ), is an Iranian peoples, Iranian festival of the fire dance celebrated on the eve of the last Wednesday of the year, of ancient Zoroastrian origin. It is the first festivity of Nowruz, the Iranian New Year. Etymology The Persian language, Persian name of the festival consists of (), the Persian word for Wednesday, and (), which has two meanings; it may mean "festive" and it may also mean "scarlet" (in traditional Persian and some current local dialects in Iran), which stems from the reddish theme of fire. The names of the festival in other languages include Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani (in Ardabil and Tabriz), Kurdish languages, Kurdish and (in Iranian Kurdistan, Kurdistan), (in Piranshahr) and Isfahani Persian (in Isfahan). The importance of fire is evident in the stone inscriptions of the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid kings, and the very first mantra of the Rig Veda is in praise of fire. Chaharshanb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepandārmazgān
Sepandārmazgān () or Espandegān (), is an ancient Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...ian day of women with Zoroastrian roots.M. Boyce,Textual sources for the study of Zoroastrianism, University of Chicago Press, 1990. pp. 19–20 This day is dedicated to ''Spenta Armaiti, Spənta Ārmaiti'' (Avestan language, Avestan for "Holy Devotion", ' in Middle Persian, ' or '), the Amesha Spenta who is given the domain of "earth goddess, earth". The date of the festival as observed in the Sassanid era was on the 5th day of the month Zoroastrian month names, Spandarmad. When the name of the day and the month of the day were the same, a "name-feast" celebration was always done. According to the testimony of al-Biruni, in the 11th century CE there was a festival when the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadeh
Sadeh ( also transliterated as ''Sade''), is an Iranian festival that dates back to the Achaemenid Empire. ''Sadeh'' is celebrated 50 days before Nowruz. Sadeh in Persian means "hundred" and refers to the one hundred days and nights remaining to the beginning of spring. Sadeh is a mid-winter festival that was celebrated with grandeur and magnificence in ancient Persia. It was a festivity to honor fire and to defeat the forces of darkness, frost, and cold. History Legends have it that King Hushang, the 2nd king of the mythological Pishdadian dynasty (Pishdad means to give the Law), established the Sadeh tradition. It is said that Hushang was once climbing a mountain when he saw a snake. When he threw a stone to hit the snake, it hit another stone and since they were both flint stones, fire broke out and the snake escaped. This way he discovered how to light a fire. Hushang cheered up and praised God who revealed to him the secret of lighting a fire. Then he announced: "This is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaldā Night
Yaldā Night () or Chelle Night (also Chellah Night, , lit. "fortieth night") is an ancient festival in Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan that is celebrated on the winter solstice. This corresponds to the night of December 20/21 (±1) in the Gregorian calendar, and to the night between the last day of the ninth month ('' Azar'') and the first day of the tenth month (''Dey'') of the Iranian solar calendar.The longest and darkest night of the year is a time when friends and family gather together to eat, drink and read poetry (especially Hafez) and ''Shahnameh'' until well after midnight. Fruits and nuts are eaten and pomegranates and watermelons are particularly significant. The red colour in these fruits symbolizes the crimson hues of dawn and the glow of life. The poems of Divan-e Hafez, which can be found in the bookcases of most Iranian families, are read or recited on various occasions such as this festival and Nowruz. Shab-e Yal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehregan
Mehregan () or Jashn-e Mehr ( ''Mithra Festival'') is a Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrian and Iranian peoples, Iranian festival celebrated to honor the yazata Mithra (), which is responsible for friendship, affection and love. Name "Mehregan" is derived from the Middle Persian name ''Mihrakān/Mihragān'', itself derived from Old Persian ''Mithrakāna''. Introduction Mehregan is an Iranian festival honoring the Zoroastrian yazata Mithra. Under the Achaemenid Empire (330–550 BC), the Armenians, Armenian subjects of the Persian king gave him 20,000 horses every year during the celebration of Mehregan. Under the Sasanian Empire (224–651), Mehregan was the second most important festival, falling behind Nowruz. Due to these two festivals being heavily connected with the role of Iranian kingship, the Sasanian rulers were usually crowned on either Mehregan or Nowruz. In al-Biruni's eleventh-century ''Book of Instructions in the Elements of the Art of Astrology'' (233), the astronome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
