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Nakh Peoples
The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian languages, North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen people, Chechen, Ingush people, Ingush and Bats people, Bats peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical Ethnic group, groups. The ethnonyms "Vainakh" and "Nakh" "Nakh peoples" and "Vainakh peoples" are two terms that were coined by Soviet ethnographers such as the Russian linguist and Ingush ethnographer . The reasoning behind the creation of these terms was to unite the closely related nations of Chechen people, Chechen and Ingush people, Ingush into one term. The terms "Vainakh" (our people) and "Nakh" (people) were first used as a term to unite two peoples in 1928. It was subsequently popularized by other Soviet authors, poets, and historians such as Mamakaev and Volkova in their research. According to the historian Victor Schnirelmann, the ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exonym
An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their place of origin, or their language. An exonym (also known as xenonym ) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used primarily outside the particular place inhabited by the group or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words, or from non-systematic attempts at transcribing into a different writing system. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonyms ''Germany'' and in English and Italian, respectively, and in Spanish and French, respectively, in Polish, and and in Finni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars (), also known as Maharuls' (), are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 meters above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Northeast Caucasian languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 14th century. Ethnonyms According to 19th-century Russian historians, the Avars' neighbors usually referred to them with the exonym Tavlins (''tavlintsy''). Vasily Potto wrote, "The words in different languages have the same meaning... fmountain dwellers rhighlanders."''В. А. Потто.'Кавказская война в отдельных очерках, эпизодах, легендах и биогр ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tushetians
The Tushetians (; ka, თუშები, tr), or Tush , are a subgroup of Georgians who mainly live in Tusheti. Tsova Tushetians speak the Bats language, Tsova Tushetian language and Chagma Tushetians speak the Chagma Tushetian dialect of Georgian language, Georgian. Subgroups The Tush divide themselves into two groups, the Chagma-Tush, who speak the local Georgian dialects, Georgian dialect and the Tsova-Tush, also known as Bats or Batsbi, who speak the Bats language, a Nakh language. Most Bats also speak Georgian, to which there is a continuing trend of linguistic assimilation. Despite differences in language and culture (to a degree), both Chagma- and Tsova-Tush consider themselves to be part of the larger group of Tush, which in turn is considered a subgroup of Georgians. Culture Traditionally, the Tushetians are shepherds. Tushetian Guda cheese (Not to be confused with European Gouda cheese, with which it shares neither the features nor the making technique) and high qual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Orthodox Church
The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, tr), commonly known as the Georgian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Georgia, is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy. It is Georgia (country), Georgia's dominant religious institution, and a majority of Georgian people are members. The Orthodox Church of Georgia is one of the oldest churches in the world. It asserts Apostles in the New Testament, apostolic foundation, and that its historical roots can be traced to the early and late Christianization of Iberia and Colchis by Andrew the Apostle in the 1st century AD and by Saint Nino in the 4th century AD, respectively. As in similar autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, the chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Ethnonym "Ghalghaï"
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Simon Pallas
Peter Simon Pallas Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussia, Prussian zoologist, botanist, Ethnography, ethnographer, Exploration, explorer, Geography, geographer, Geology, geologist, Natural history, natural historian, and Taxonomy, taxonomist. He studied natural sciences at various universities in Germany in the early modern period, early modern Germany and worked primarily in the Russian Empire between 1767 and 1810. Life and work Peter Simon Pallas was born in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, the son of Professor of Surgery Simon Pallas. He studied with private tutors and took an interest in natural history, later attending the University of Halle and the University of Göttingen. In 1760, he moved to the University of Leiden and passed his doctor's degree at the age of 19. Pallas travelled throughout the Dutch Republic and to London, improving his medical and surgical knowledge. He then settled at The Hague, and his new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shatoy People
The Shatoy, historically referred to as the Shubut, Shibut, or Tshan people, are a Chechen society that is sometimes classified as a Tukkhum. Clans The Shotoy include clans (Teip) such as: * Khakkoy * Nikhaloy * Pkhamtoy * Gattoy * Vashandaroy * Khalgiy * Saettoy * Sanoy * Tumsoy * Borzkhoy * Varandoy * Keloy The Saarbaloy and Lashkaroy clans also consider themselves to be Shotoy. Settlements The Shatoy region primarily comprises the following settlements: Aslanbek-Sheripovo, Greater Varanda, Lesser Varanda, Syuzhi, Borzoi, Ryadukhoy, Tumsoy, Vashindaroy, Vysokogornoye, Gorgachi, Ulus-Kert, Yaryshmardy, Dachu-Borzoi, Zony, Dai, Nikhaloy, Pamyatoi, Gush-Kert, Bekum-Kale, Vardy, Satti, Urdyukhoy, Yukerch-Keloy, Khal-Kiloy, Sanoy, Kharsenoy, Maly Kharsenoy, Shatoy, Hakkoy, among others. Additionally, several settlements founded by the Shatoy people outside their region include Chiri-Yurt, Duba-Yurt, Selmentauzen, Starye Atagi, Alkhazurovo, Goyty, Chishki, Goy-Chu, and Goyskoe, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazranians
The Nazranians () were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial subethnic group (''society'') which inhabited modern day Nazranovsky District and Prigorodny District. History Early History The Nazranian society in the second half of the 18th century from mountain Ingush that settled in the lowlands between Assa and Fortanga rivers. Caucasian War Nazranians were considered by the Russian administration to be ''conquered'' and under their rule, this however, didn't stop Nazranians from sometimes participating on the side of Caucasian Imamate and rebelling. There's various reports of Nazranians being on the side of Imamate, for example Nazranians participated in the general uprising of Chechnya in March 1840 and the uprising of Sunzha and Nadterechny Chechens, Galgaï and Karabulaks in July 1840. In 1858 Nazranians made a large rebellion, known as the Nazran uprising. During the rebellion, the Nazranians sent letter to Imam Shamil in which they asked him for help, but Shami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umalat Laudaev
Umalat Laudaev ( rus, Умалат Лаудаев, p=ʊməɫət ɫəʊdə(j)ɪf; 1827 — 1890s) was the first Chechen ethnographer and a Russian officer known for his only work ''The Chechen Tribe'', published in the ' in 1872. Biography Little is known about Laudaev's life. From his personal appeal to the Russian administration, it is known that his great-grandfather was Nogai-Mirza who emigrated from Ichkeria to the Terek River where he founded an eponymous village with the Russian authorities' allowance. Both Laudaev's father and grandfather lived in the village of Nogai-Mirza-Yurt throughout their lives. Here, Laudaev was born too. From the 1886 census conducted in the village, Laudaev's age is indicated as 69 which historian Nikolai Gritsenko sees as a typo that should be read as 59. This coupled with Laudaev's other biographical information makes Gritsenko assume that Laudaev was born in 1827. According to the folklore, Laudaev received his education at a Terek Cossac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Potto
Vasily Aleksandrovich Potto (; 1 January 1836 – 29 November 1911) was a Russian lieutenant-general (1907) and military historian, known for his landmark works on the history of the Caucasian War. History Born of a noble family of a German descent in the Tula Governorate, Potto was educated at the Orlovsky Bakhtin Cadet Corps. He served as a captain in the Crimean War (1853–55) and took part in putting down the Polish January Uprising (1863–64). In 1887 Colonel Potto was attached to the staff of the Caucasus Military District, where he was appointed head of the military and historical department in 1899. During his tenure in the Caucasus, Potto collected pieces of folk literature of the Caucasian mountain peoples and the Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Berge
Adolf Pyetrovich Berzhe (also spelled Bergé; rus, Адо́льф Петро́вич Берже́, p=ɐdəlʲf pʲɪtrəvʲɪd͡ʑ bʲɪrˈʐɛ; – ) was an Imperial Russian bureaucrat and an Orientalist historian, with principal interests in the history and culture of the South Caucasus. He was also an archeographer and archaeologist, and served as the chairman of the Caucasian branch of the Archaeographic Commission from 1864 to 1886. A Saint Petersburg native, Berzhe's father was from France and his mother was from Germany.Jersild, Austin (2002), ''Orientalism and Empire: North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917''p. 67 McGill-Queen's University Press, Trained in Oriental studies at Saint Petersburg University, Berzhe's was dispatched to the chancellery of the Viceroy of the Caucasus Prince Mikhail Vorontsov in 1851. He made two scholarly trips to Persia in 1853 and 1855. From 1864 to his death Berzhe's chaired the Tiflis-based Caucasian A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
