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Mozarabic Art And Architecture
Mozarabic art is an early Middle Ages, medieval artistic style that is part of the Pre-Romanesque art and architecture, pre-Romanesque style and emerged in al-Andalus and in the kingdom of León. It's named after the Mozarabs (from ''musta'rab'' meaning "Arabized"), the Christians of al-Andalus. It was developed by the Hispanic Christians who lived in Arab-Muslim territory and in the expansion territories of the León crown, in the period from the Arab-Islamic Conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (711) to the end of the 11th century. During this period, disciplines such as painting, goldsmithing and architecture with marked Caliphate influences were cultivated in a context of medieval coexistence - Christian, Hebrew and Muslim - in which the territories were constantly changing in size and status. Other names for this artistic style are ''Leonese art'' or Repoblación art and architecture, repopulation art. Description Mozarabic art is a diverse and hybrid artistic expression that fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arcos De Herradura Mozárabe De Santiago De Peñalba
Arcos or ARCOS can refer to: Places Brazil * Arcos, Minas Gerais, in Brazil Portugal * Arcos de Valdevez, a municipality in the Viana do Castelo District * Arcos (Anadia), a civil parish in the municipality of Anadia * Arcos (Braga), a civil parish in the municipality of Braga * Arcos (Estremoz), a civil parish in the municipality of Estremoz * Arcos (Ponte de Lima), a civil parish in the municipality of Ponte de Lima * Arcos (Tabuaço), a civil parish in the municipality of Tabuaço * Arcos (Vila do Conde), a civil parish in the municipality of Vila do Conde Spain * Taifa of Arcos, a medieval kingdom in what is now southern Spain * Arcos de la Frontera, a town in Andalusia, Spain * Arcos de las Salinas, a town in Aragon, Spain * Arcos (Madrid) Arcos is an administrative neighborhood (''barrio'') of Madrid belonging to the district of San Blas-Canillejas San Blas-Canillejas is a district to the east of Madrid's city centre. The population of the district is an estimate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudesind
Saint Rudesind (; ) (907 – March 1, 977) was a Galician people, Galician bishop and abbot. He was also a regional administrator and military leader under his kinsmen, the Kings of León. Life Rudesind was born into the nobility: his father was Count Gutierre Menéndez (), brother-in-law to Ordoño II and supporter of Alfonso III of León, and his mother was St. Ilduara Eriz (),Centenario de la Diócesis daughter of count Ero Fernández. His sister Hermesenda became wife of Count Pelayo González and mother-in-law of count Gonzalo Menéndez. Rudesind was the grandson of Ermesenda Gatónez, sister of his predecessor in the see of Mondoñedo (''Dumium''), Bishop Savaric II (Bishop of Mondoñedo), Sabarico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Christianity
Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the History of Christianity, historical era of the Christianity, Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Spread of Christianity, Christianity spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to History of the Jews in the Roman Empire, already established Jewish centers in the Holy Land and the Jewish diaspora throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. The first followers of Christianity were Jews who had Proselyte, converted to the faith, i.e. Jewish Christians, as well as Phoenicia, Phoenicians, i.e. Christianity in Lebanon, Lebanese Christians. Early Christianity contains the Apostolic Age and is followed by, and substantially overlaps with, the Patristic era. The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the Apostles in the New Testament, apostles of Jesus, who are said to have Dispersion of the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monasterio Mozárabe De San Miguel De Escalada
Monasterio is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ... ( INE), the municipality has a population of 24 inhabitants. References Municipalities in the Province of Guadalajara {{CastileLaMancha-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apologetics
Apologetics (from Greek ) is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, ''apologetics'' is often identified with debates over religion and theology. Etymology The term ''apologetics'' derives from the Ancient Greek word (). In the Classical Greek legal system, the prosecution delivered the (), the accusation or charge, and the defendant replied with an ', the defence. The was a formal speech or explanation to reply to and rebut the charges. A famous example is Socrates' Apologia defense, as chronicled in Plato's ''Apology''. In the Koine Greek of the New Testament, the Apostle Paul employs the term ''apologia'' in his trial speech to Festus and Agrippa when he says "I make my defense" in Acts 26:2. A cognate form appears in P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speraindeo
Speraindeo (died 853) was a Córdoban Mozarabic abbot, teacher of Eulogius and Alvarus Paulus. Few details are known about his life. He was the abbot of the Monastery of Santa Claire, near Córdoba, during the era of the emirate. Apart from his writing, he worked to conserve Latin Christian culture in Muslim territory. He was known for his audacity: his ''Apologetic against Muhammad'' — known only from fragments —, written during the most dangerous period of the Muslim invasion, condemned Christians who converted to Islam. Speraindeo's agitation of the Christian community in Córdoba resulted in an upwelling of religious fervor, and ultimately produced a wave of new martyrs collectively known as Martyrs of Córdoba The Martyrs of Córdoba were forty-eight Martyrdom in Christianity, Christian martyrs who were executed under the rule of Muslim administration in Al-Andalus (name of the Iberian Peninsula under the Islamic rule). The Hagiography, hagiographical .... Amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatus Of Liébana
Beatus of Liébana (; ) was a monk, theologian, and author of the '' Commentary on the Apocalypse'', mostly a compendium of previous authorities' views on the biblical '' Book of Revelation'' or ''Apocalypse of John''. This had a local influence, mostly in the Iberian Peninsula, up to about the 13th century, but is today remembered mainly for the 27 surviving manuscript copies that are heavily illustrated in an often spectacular series of miniatures that are outstanding monuments of Mozarabic art. Examples include the Morgan Beatus and Saint-Sever Beatus; these are covered further at the article on the book. Most unusually for a work of Christian theology, it appears that Beatus always intended his book to be illustrated, and he is attributed with the original designs, and possibly the execution, of the first illustrations, which have not survived. Aside from his work, almost nothing is known about Beatus. He was a monk and probably an abbot at the monastery of Santo Toribi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commentary On The Apocalypse
The ''Commentary on the Apocalypse'' (Commentaria in Apocalypsin) is a Latin commentary on the biblical ''Book of Revelation'' written around 776 by the Spanish monk and theologian Beatus of Liébana (c. 730–after 785).Williams (2017), 22 The surviving texts differ somewhat, and the work is mainly famous for the spectacular illustrations in a group of illustrated manuscripts, mostly produced on the Iberian Peninsula over the following five centuries. There are 29 surviving illustrated manuscripts (many incomplete or fragments) dating from the 9th to the 13th centuries,Williams (2017), 26 as well as other unillustrated and later manuscripts. Significant copies include the Morgan Beatus, Morgan, Saint-Sever Beatus, Saint-Sever, Gerona Beatus, Gerona, Osma, Madrid (Vitr 14-1), and Tábara Beatus codices. Most unusually for a theological work, the imagery seems to have been included from the start, and is considered to be the work of Beatus himself, although the earliest survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illuminated Manuscripts
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared manuscript, document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as marginalia, borders and Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniature illustrations. Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers and liturgical books such as psalters and courtly literature, the practice continued into secular texts from the 13th century onward and typically include proclamations, enrolled bills, laws, charters, inventories, and deeds. The earliest surviving illuminated manuscripts are a small number from late antiquity, and date from between 400 and 600 CE. Examples include the Vergilius Romanus, Vergilius Vaticanus, and the Rossano Gospels. The majority of extant manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many survive from the Renaissance. While Islamic manuscripts can also be called illuminated and use essentially the same techniques, comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as ''painted''. Most manuscripts, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Book
The history of books begins with the History of writing, invention of writing, as well as other inventions such as paper and printing; this history continues all the way to the modern-day business of book printing. The earliest knowledge society has on the history of books actually predates what we came to call "books" in today's society, and instead begins with what are called either clay tablet, tablets, scrolls, or sheets of papyrus. The current format of modern novels, with separate sheets fastened together to form a pamphlet rather than a scroll, is called a codex. After this invention, hand-bound, expensive, and elaborate manuscripts began to appear in codex form. This gave way to printing press, press-printed volumes and eventually led to the mass-market printed volumes that are prevalent today. Contemporary books may even start to have less of a physical presence with the invention of the e-book. The book has also become more accessible to the disabled with the invention of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
B Facundus 233vdét
B, or b, is the second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' bee'' (pronounced ), plural ''bees''. It represents the voiced bilabial stop in many languages, including English. In some other languages, it is used to represent other bilabial consonants. History The Roman derived from the Greek capital beta via its Etruscan and Cumaean variants. The Greek letter was an adaptation of the Phoenician letter bēt . The Egyptian hieroglyph for the consonant /b/ had been an image of a foot and calf , but bēt (Phoenician for "house") was a modified form of a Proto-Sinaitic glyph adapted from the separate hieroglyph Pr meaning "house". The Hebrew letter bet is a separate development of the Phoenician letter. By Byzantine times, the Greek letter came to be pronounced /v/, so that it is known in modern Greek as ''víta'' (still written ). T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
