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Mousouros Family
The Mousouros ( or , pl. ) or Musurus family was a Greek aristocratic family. Hailing from Venetian-ruled Crete, they later became one of the Phanariote families that played a significant role in the foreign affairs of the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. Cretan family The Mousouroi are considered one of the twelve noble families of Crete, which according to tradition were settled on the island by the Byzantine emperors in the 11th or 12th centuries, although this tradition is most likely later invention. In the relevant documents, the family's ostensible founder, Leo Mousouros, appears in fourth or sixth place among the twelve founders. Although the Moousouroi claimed thus to be one of the most ancient families on the island, they are ill attested in later historical or epigraphical sources. Their most famous member was likely the Renaissance humanist Marcus Musurus. Ottoman family A branch of the family moved to Constantinople and entered service of the Ottoman Empire as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Candia
The Realm or Kingdom of Candia (; ; ) or Duchy of Candia (; ; ) was the official name of Crete during the island's period as an Stato da Màr, overseas colony of the Republic of Venice, from the initial Venetian conquest in 1205–1212 to its fall to the Ottoman Empire during the Cretan War (1645–1669), Cretan War (1645–1669). The island was at the time and up to the early modern era commonly known as Candia after its capital, Candia or Chandax (modern Heraklion). In modern Greek historiography, the period is known as the Venetocracy (, or ). The island of Crete had formed part of the Byzantine Empire until 1204, when the Fourth Crusade dissolved the empire and divided its territories amongst the crusader leaders (see Frankokratia). Crete was initially allotted to Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat, Boniface of Montferrat, but, unable to enforce his control over the island, he soon sold his rights to Venice. Venetian troops first occupied the island in 1205, but it took until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crete
Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica. Crete is located about south of the Peloponnese, and about southwest of Anatolia. Crete has an area of and a coastline of 1,046 km (650 mi). It bounds the southern border of the Aegean Sea, with the Sea of Crete (or North Cretan Sea) to the north and the Libyan Sea (or South Cretan Sea) to the south. Crete covers 260 km from west to east but is narrow from north to south, spanning three longitudes but only half a latitude. Crete and a number of islands and islets that surround it constitute the Region of Crete (), which is the southernmost of the 13 Modern regions of Greece, top-level administrative units of Greece, and the fifth most popu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phanariote
Phanariots, Phanariotes, or Fanariots (, , ) were members of prominent Greek families in Phanar (Φανάρι, modern ''Fener''), the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople where the Ecumenical Patriarchate is located, who traditionally occupied four important positions in the Ottoman Empire: Hospodar of Moldavia, Hospodar of Wallachia, Grand Dragoman of the Porte and Grand Dragoman of the Fleet. Despite their cosmopolitanism and often-Western education, the Phanariots were aware of their Greek ancestry and culture; according to Nicholas Mavrocordatos' ''Philotheou Parerga'', "We are a race completely Hellenic". They emerged as a class of wealthy Greek merchants (of mostly noble Byzantine descent) during the second half of the 16th century, and were influential in the administration of the Ottoman Empire's Balkan domains in the 18th century. The Phanariots usually built their houses in the Phanar quarter to be near the court of the Patriarch, who (under the Ottoman millet sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelve Noble Families Of Crete
The twelve noble families of Crete or Twelve () is a legend ascribing the origin of the most prominent families of the Crete, Cretan nobility to a settlement of twelve scions of noble families of Constantinople on the island by a Byzantine emperor. Documentary basis of the legend The legend of the Twelve survives in six different documents in several versions, both in Greek and in Italian, which were collected in the 1900s by the German Byzantinist Ernst Gerland (''Histoire de la noblesse crétoise au Moyen Âge''). One of the documents purports to be a charter, dated to the year 1182, claiming that the Emperor "Alexios Komnenos the " sent his son Isaac to rule over Crete after a rebellion in the island, as well as twelve noble families as his aides and lieutenants. Isaac and the heads of the twelve families sign the document. The facts however do not fit the date: Emperor Alexios II Komnenos, who ruled in 1182, was indeed a , but was murdered in 1183 at only fifteen years of age, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Emperors
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which Fall of Constantinople, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the List of Byzantine usurpers, various usurpers or rebels who claimed the imperial title. The following list starts with Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, who rebuilt the city of Byzantium as an imperial capital, Constantinople, and who was regarded by the later emperors as the model ruler. Modern historians distinguish this later phase of the Roman Empire as Byzantine due to the imperial seat moving from Rome to Byzantium, the Empire's integration of Christianity, and the predominance of Greek instead of Latin. The Byzantine Empire was the direct legal continuation of the eastern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Musurus
Marcus Musurus (; ; – 1517) was a Greek scholar and philosopher born in Candia, Venetian Crete (modern Heraklion, Crete). Life The son of a rich merchant, Musurus became at an early age a pupil of Janus Lascaris in Venice. In 1505, Musurus was made professor of Greek language at the University of Padua. Erasmus, who had attended his lectures there, testifies to his knowledge of Latin. However, when the university was closed in 1509 during the War of the League of Cambrai, he returned to Venice where he filled a similar post. In 1512 he was made professor of Greek language in Venice: during this time he published through Aldus Manutius, a contemporary printer and publisher, his edition on Plato. This was the first time that the Dialogues were printed in Greek. In 1516, Musurus was summoned to Rome by Pope Leo X, where he lectured in the pope's ('' Gymnasium'') and established a Greek printing-press. In recognition of a Greek poem prefixed to the ''editio princeps'' of Plato, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Constantinople
Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE. In the European side, near the point of the peninsula ( Sarayburnu) there was a settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. Modern authors have linked it to the possible Thracian toponym ''Lygos'', mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. There is evidence suggesting there were settlements around the region dating as far back as 6700 BC, and it is hard to define if there was any settlement on exact spot at city proper established, but earlies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantinos Mousouros
Konstantinos Mousouros (, ; 1807–1891), also known as Kostaki Musurus Pasha, was an Ottoman Greek diplomatic official of the Ottoman Empire who served as ambassador to Greece, Austria, Great Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Biography He was born in 1807 in Constantinople (Istanbul) to the distinguished Phanariote Mousouros family. His brother, Pavlos Mousouros, also became a diplomat. Mousouros became the first ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to the newly independent Kingdom of Greece in 1840, a position he kept until 1848. In 1847–48 he was a central figure in the events known as ''Mousourika'' (Μουσουρικά), which led to his temporary recall and the breakdown of relations between the two states. On his return to Athens he survived an assassination attempt, leading to his transfer to Vienna. In 1850 he took up the post of Ottoman ambassador to the Great Britain and Ireland, which he kept for 35 consecutive years, until his retirement in 1885. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephanos Mousouros
Stephanos Mousouros (1841–1906) was an Ottoman Greek diplomatic official of the Ottoman Empire, who served as ambassador to Italy and the United Kingdom, and was the Ottoman-appointed Prince of Samos from 1896 to 1899. Mousouros was the grandson of the first Prince of Samos, Stephanos Vogoridis, and the son of Konstantinos Mousouros, governor of Samos for Vogoridis. The Mousouros family was Christian Greek. His father had served as Ottoman ambassador to the United Kingdom for more than 30 years from 1850, and the young Stephanous thus lived in London in the early part of his life, and also served in minor positions at the embassy – first in London, then in Italy and in the public works commission – while receiving the education of a European aristocrat. He was ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to the Kingdom of Italy, before he was appointed Prince of Samos in 1896. Though he did not want the office. He ruled Samos well, putting the law above everything else. The political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavlos Mousouros
Pavlos Mousouros was the Ottoman-appointed Prince of Samos from 1866 to 1873. He was the brother of Konstantinos Mousouros and like him became a diplomat, serving as ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to the Austrian Empire. He was recalled in 1866 and appointed Prince of Samos. During his tenure there, he constructed the road connecting Vathy with Mytilinioi and some bridges. Disregarding the established rights and privileges of the Principality of Samos The Principality of Samos (, ; ; ) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire from 1834 to 1912. The island of Samos had participated in the Greek War of Independence since 1821 and successfully resisted several Turkish and Egyptian a ..., he proposed the construction of a permanent camp for the Ottoman soldiers resident in the Principality. However the proposition was turned down by the Samian Parliament. He was generally viewed by the Samian population as an unjust ruler. 1810 births 1876 deaths Princes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Samos
The Principality of Samos (, ; ; ) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire from 1834 to 1912. The island of Samos had participated in the Greek War of Independence since 1821 and successfully resisted several Turkish and Egyptian attempts to occupy it, but it was not included with the boundaries of the newly independent Greek state. Instead, beginning in 1834 the island was granted self-government as a semi-independent state. Tributary to the Ottoman Empire, paying the annual sum of £2700, it was governed by a Prince who was a Christian of Greek descent, but nominated by the Ottoman Porte. The prince was assisted in his function as chief executive by a 4-member Senate. These were chosen by him out of eight candidates nominated by the four districts of the island: Vathy, Samos, Vathy, Chora, Marathokampos, and Karlovasi. The actual legislative power belonged to a chamber of 36 deputies, presided over by the Greek-Orthodox Metropolitan. The seat of the government was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
