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Military Theory
Military theory is the study of the theories which define, inform, guide and explain war and warfare. Military theory analyses both normative behavioral phenomena and explanatory causal aspects to better understand war and how it is fought. It examines war and trends in warfare beyond simply describing events in military history. While military theories may employ the scientific method, theory differs from military science. Theory aims to explain the causes for military victory and produce guidance on how war should be waged and won, rather than developing universal, immutable laws which can bound the physical act of warfare or codifying empirical data, such as weapon effects, platform operating ranges, consumption rates and target information, to aid military planning. Military theory is multi-disciplinary drawing on social science and humanities academic fields through the disciplines of political science, strategic studies, military studies and history. It examines the nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theory
A theory is a systematic and rational form of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the conclusions derived from such thinking. It involves contemplative and logical reasoning, often supported by processes such as observation, experimentation, and research. Theories can be scientific, falling within the realm of empirical and testable knowledge, or they may belong to non-scientific disciplines, such as philosophy, art, or sociology. In some cases, theories may exist independently of any formal discipline. In modern science, the term "theory" refers to Scientific theory, scientific theories, a well-confirmed type of explanation of nature, made in a way Consistency, consistent with the scientific method, and fulfilling the Scientific theory#Characteristics of theories, criteria required by modern science. Such theories are described in such a way that scientific tests should be able to provide Empirical evidence, empirical support for it, or Empirical evidence, empirical contradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jus In Bello
The law of war is a component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war (''jus ad bellum'') and the conduct of hostilities (''jus in bello''). Laws of war define sovereignty and nationhood, states and territories, occupation, and other critical terms of law. Among other issues, modern laws of war address the declarations of war, acceptance of surrender and the treatment of prisoners of war, military necessity, along with ''distinction'' and ''proportionality''; and the prohibition of certain weapons that may cause unnecessary suffering. The ''law of war'' is considered distinct from other bodies of law—such as the domestic law of a particular belligerent to a conflict—which may provide additional legal limits to the conduct or justification of war. Early sources and history The first traces of a law of war come from the Babylonians. It is the Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon, which in 1750 B.C., explains its laws imposing a code o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Paret
Peter Paret (April 13, 1924 – September 11, 2020) was a German-born American cultural and intellectual historian, whose two principal areas of research were war and the interaction of art and politics from 18th to 20th century Europe.Peter Paret . Institute for Advanced Study. ias.edu. Retrieved August 5, 2017. He also wrote on related subjects. Early life Paret was born in 1924 in Berlin,Peter Paret. ''Contemporary Authors Online''. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2017. Via ''Encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved August 5, 2017. the son of Hans Paret and Suzanne Aimée Cassirer. On his father's side, he is descended from a French family that emigra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Howard (historian)
Sir Michael Eliot Howard (29 November 1922 – 30 November 2019) was an English military historian, formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War, Honorary Fellow of All Souls College, Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford, Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University, and founder of the Department of War Studies, King's College London. In 1958, he co-founded the International Institute for Strategic Studies. In 2013, Howard was described in the ''Financial Times'' as "Britain's greatest living historian". ''The Guardian'' described him as "Britain's foremost expert on conflict". Early life Howard was born on 29 November 1922 in Brompton, London, the youngest son of Geoffrey Howard and Edith (). His mother was the daughter of Jewish immigrants from Germany, who later converted to Christianity. His father was the chairman of a manufacturing company. Howard was educated at Wellington College and Christ Church, Oxford. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Military Writers
The following is a list of military writers, alphabetical by last name: A * Pierre Emmanuel Albert, Baron Ducasse * Stephen Ambrose * Raymond Aron B * Andrew Bacevich * Ali Bader Iraq war * Bao Ninh – ''The Sorrow of War'' (about the Vietnam War) * Thomas P.M. Barnett * Alberto Bayo – Latin American revolutionary, ''A Manual of Guerrilla Warfare'' * Marc Becker * Antony Beevor – several books on the Second World War; also on the Spanish Civil War * Don Bendell – ''Crossbow'', ''The B-52 Overture'', ''Valley of Tears'', ''Snake-Eater'', ''Criminal Investigation Detachment'' * David Bercuson * Friedrich von Bernhardi * Eric Arthur Blair (aka George Orwell) – ''Homage to Catalonia'' * Mark Bowden * John Boyd – inventor of the OODA Loop or decision cycle, Energy-Maneuverability, ''Aerial Attack Study'', "Discourse on Winning & Losing", ''Destruction & Creation'' * Gary Brecher – ''War Nerd'' * Ahron Bregman – books on the Arab–Israeli conflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements. A military doctrine outlines what military means should be used, how forces should be structured, where forces should be deployed, and the modes of cooperation between types of forces. "Joint doctrine" refers to the doctrines shared and aligned by multinational forces or joint service operations. There are three broad categories of military doctrines: (1) Offensive doctrines aim to ''punish'' an adversary, (2) Defensive doctrines aim to ''deny'' an adversary, and (3) Deterrent doctrines aim to ''disarm'' an adversary. Different military doctrines have different implications for world politics. For example, offensive doctrines tend to lead to arms races and conflicts. Defining doctrine NATO's definition of doctrine, used unaltered by many member nations, is: In 1998 the Canadian Army stated: A U.S. Air Force Air University staff study in 1948 d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Power
A space program is an organized effort by a government or a company with a goal related to outer space. Lists of space programs include: * List of government space agencies * List of private spaceflight companies * List of human spaceflight programs A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ... * List of space programs of the United States * List of uncrewed spacecraft by program {{DEFAULTSORT:Space programs Space programs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tactical Level Of War
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, Mobility (military), mobility, protection or security, and Shock tactics, shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the military strategy, strategic and Operational level of war, operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated Combat arms, fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks. Tactical functions Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operational Level Of War
In the field of military theory, the operational level of war (also called operational art, as derived from , or operational warfare) represents the level of command that connects the details of tactics with the goals of strategy. In U.S. Joint military doctrine, operational art is "the cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means". It correlates political requirements with military power. Operational art is defined by its military-political scope, not by force size, scale of operations or degree of effort. Likewise, operational art provides theory and skills, and the operational level permits doctrinal structure and process. The operational level of war is concerned with four essential elements: time, space, means, and purpose. Through means such as directing troops and al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History
Military history is the study of War, armed conflict in the Human history, history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to Politics, local and international relationships. Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while amateur historians and hobbyists often take a larger interest in the details of battles, equipment, and uniforms in use. The essential subjects of military history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural foundations, Doctrine#Military usage, military doctrine on each side, the logistics, leadership, technology, strategy, and military tactics, tactics used, and how these changed over time. On the other hand, just war theory explores the moral dimensions of warfare, and to better limit the destructive reality caused by war, seeks to establish a doctrine of military ethics. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements. A military doctrine outlines what military means should be used, how forces should be structured, where forces should be deployed, and the modes of cooperation between types of forces. "Joint doctrine" refers to the doctrines shared and aligned by multinational forces or joint service operations. There are three broad categories of military doctrines: (1) Offensive doctrines aim to ''punish'' an adversary, (2) Defensive doctrines aim to ''deny'' an adversary, and (3) Deterrent doctrines aim to ''disarm'' an adversary. Different military doctrines have different implications for world politics. For example, offensive doctrines tend to lead to arms races and conflicts. Defining doctrine NATO's definition of doctrine, used unaltered by many member nations, is: In 1998 the Canadian Army stated: A U.S. Air Force Air University staff study in 1948 d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Tzu
Sun Tzu (; zh, t=孫子, s=孙子, first= t, p=Sūnzǐ) may have been a Chinese General, military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period (771–256 BC). Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of ''The Art of War'', a Classical Chinese text on military strategy from the Warring States period, though the earliest parts of the work probably date to at least a century after his purported death. Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese culture, Chinese and East Asian culture as a legendary historical and military figure; however, his historical existence is uncertain. The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian and other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Helü of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544–496 BC. The name ''Sun Tzu''by which he is more popularly knownis an Chinese honorifics, honorific which means "Master Sun (surname), Sun". His birth name was said to be Sun Wu ( zh, t=孫武, s=孙武, first=t) and he is p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
