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Middle East Peace Efforts
This is a reversed chronological list of peace proposals in the Middle East, often abbreviated under the Mideast peace concept. Egyptian Crisis reconciliation * Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2012 * Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2014 Syrian Civil War peace process * Arab League peace plan ** Arab League observers mission December 2011–January 2012 * Russian resolution proposal on Syrian uprising * Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan February–August 2012 ** United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria * Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan – since August 17, 2012 * U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria – May 2013 proposal to organise a peace conference ** Geneva II Conference on Syria – January 2014 * 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement – between Syrian Opposition and Assad Government * Vienna peace talks for Syria * Four committees initiative * Geneva III * Geneva IV Yemeni Crisis reconciliation * Yemeni crisis reconciliation attempts * Yemeni preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western European nations in the early 20th century as a replacement of the term Near East (both were in contrast to the Far East). The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions. Since the late 20th century, it has been criticized as being too Eurocentrism, Eurocentric. The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of West Asia, but without the South Caucasus. It also includes all of Egypt (not just the Sinai Peninsula, Sinai) and all of Turkey (including East Thrace). Most Middle Eastern countries (13 out of 18) are part of the Arab world. The list of Middle Eastern countries by population, most populous countries in the region are Egypt, Turkey, and Iran, whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement
The Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement was signed between Fatah and Hamas in the city of Mecca on 8 February 2007, agreeing to stop the internal military confrontations in the Gaza Strip and form a government of national unity. Representatives from the Fatah side included the President of the Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas and parliament member Mohammed Dahlan. The Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh and Khaled Mashal represented Hamas. Under the agreement, Hamas agreed to "respect" PLO's previous agreements with Israel. Content The Mecca Agreement contains four determinations: # Stop and prevent the shedding of Palestinian blood; unite and confront the occupation; adopt the language of dialogue as the sole basis for solving the political disagreements # Form a Palestinian national unity government #Activate and reform the PLO and accelerate the work of the preparatory committee based on the Cairo and Damascus Understandings #Political partnership on the basis of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blair's Tests For Iraq Disarmament
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, evidence began to emerge of failed attempts by the Iraqi government to bring the conflict to a peaceful resolution. Saddam Hussein's attempts In December 2002, a representative of the head of Iraqi Intelligence, Gen. Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti, contacted former CIA counterterrorism head Vincent Cannistraro, stating that Saddam "knew there was a campaign to link him to September 11 and prove he had weapons of mass destruction." Cannistraro further added that "the Iraqis were prepared to satisfy these concerns. I reported the conversation to senior levels of the state department and I was told to stand aside and they would handle it." Cannistraro stated that the offers made were all "killed" by the Bush administration because they allowed Saddam Hussein to remain in power – an outcome viewed as unacceptable. Shortly after, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak's national security advisor, Osama El-Baz, sent a message to the U.S. State Depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 is a United Nations Security Council resolution adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on 8 November 2002, offering Iraq under Saddam Hussein "a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations" that had been set out in several previous resolutions (Resolutions 660, 661, 678, 686, 687, 688, 707, 715, 986, and 1284). The United States used it as part of the legal justification for the subsequent US-led invasion of Iraq. Resolution 1441 stated that Iraq was in material breach of the ceasefire terms presented under the terms of Resolution 687. Iraq's breaches related not only to weapons of mass destruction (WMD), but also the known construction of prohibited types of missiles, the purchase and import of prohibited armaments, and the continuing refusal of Iraq to compensate Kuwait for the widespread looting conducted by its troops during the 1990–1991 invasion and occupation. It also stated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 2019 Warsaw Conference
February 2019 Warsaw Conference, commonly known as the US-led Middle East conference in Warsaw, took place on 13 and 14 February 2019 in Warsaw, capital of Poland. The conference was hosted by Poland and the United States. According to the joint official announcement of the meeting, the issues of the event were: "terrorism and extremism, missile development and proliferation, maritime trade and security, and threats posed by proxy groups across the region". In early February, the US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had said that the purpose of the conference is to focus on "Iran's influence and terrorism in the region". However, after the European objections to the purpose, the United States was forced to backtrack on planning to build a global coalition against Iran. The Warsaw Conference became the semi-official ground for the Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran, in light of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict. The Arab–Israeli alliance, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; (, BARJAM)), also known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement to limit the Iranian nuclear program in return for sanctions relief and other provisions. The agreement was finalized in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations S.C.—China, France, Russia, the U.K., U.S.—plus Germany) together with the European Union. Formal negotiations began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the following 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an Iran nuclear deal framework, which later led to JCPOA, along with a Roadmap Agreement between Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Negotiations centered around sanctions relief and restrictions on Iran's nuclear facilities, including the Arak IR-40 reactor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Plan Of Action
On 24 November 2013, the Joint Plan of Action (), also known as the Geneva interim agreement (), was a pact signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in Geneva, Switzerland. It consists of a short-term freeze of portions of Iran's nuclear program in exchange for decreased economic sanctions on Iran, as the countries work towards a long-term agreement. It represented the first formal agreement between the United States and Iran in 34 years. Implementation of the agreement began 20 January 2014. The Joint Plan of Action and the negotiations under it which followed eventually led to an April 2015 framework agreement and then a July 2015 final agreement, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Background The nuclear program of Iran has been a matter of contention with the international community since 2002, when an Iranian dissident group revealed the existence of two undeclared nuclear facilities. The International Atomic Energy Agency, charged with monitoring and ensuring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Nuclear Deal Framework
The Iran nuclear deal framework was a preliminary framework agreement reached in 2015 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a group of world powers: the P5+1 (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China–Iran trade relations, China—plus Germany) and the European Union. Based on the April 2015 Iran nuclear deal framework, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and the P5+1 and EU was announced on July 14, 2015 in Vienna. Background Negotiations for a framework deal over the nuclear program of Iran took place between the foreign ministers of the countries at a series of meetings held from March 26 to April 2, 2015 in Lausanne, Switzerland. On April 2, the talks came to a conclusion and a press conference was held by Federica Mogherini (High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) and Mohammad Javad Zarif (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran) to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P5+1
P5 may refer to: In science and technology * 311P/PANSTARRS, also known as P/2013 P5 (PANSTARRS), an asteroid discovered by the Pan-STARRS telescope on 27 August 2013 * P5 Truss Segment, an element of the International Space Station * Period 5 of the periodic table of elements * Styx (moon), the fifth moon of the dwarf planet Pluto * Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel, a scientific funding advisory group in the United States * Pregnenolone, a steroid hormone Vehicles * P-5 Hawk, a 1923 aircraft * Martin P5M Marlin, a flying boat * Rover P5 (commonly called 3-Litre and 3½ Litre), a group of automobiles produced from 1958–1973 * Palatine P 5, a 1908 locomotive * PRR P5, mixed-traffic electric locomotives constructed 1931–1935 * Protegé5, a 5-door sport-wagon produced by Mazda from 2002–2003 * Polikarpov P-5, Soviet passenger aircraft, modification of the R-5 In computing * P5 Glove, an input device for human-computer interaction * P5 (microarchit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement
The 2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement is a reconciliation agreement signed between Fatah and Hamas on 12 October 2017. The agreement was brokered by Egypt, and signed in Cairo. The deal was signed by the leader of the Fatah delegation Azzam al-Ahmad and Hamas deputy politburo chief Salah al-Arouri. Leading up to the agreement, Hamas announced on 17 September 2017 that it was dissolving its Supreme Administrative Committee in response to Egypt's efforts as part of the Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process. Hamas was due to hand over control of Gaza by 1 December 2017. Both Hamas and Fatah requested Egypt that takeover be delayed to 10 December. As at January 2018, the parties have failed to implement the deal, arguing over the interpretation of its details and missing deadlines it set. The most contested issue between Hamas and Fatah is the future of the weapons of terrorist groups in Gaza. Hamas has said it will not accept any group conceding its weapons. Meanwhile, PA President and Fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 Fatah–Hamas Gaza Agreement
Fourteen or 14 may refer to: * 14 (number), the natural number following 13 and preceding 15 * one of the years 14 BC, AD 14, 1914, 2014 Music * 14th (band), a British electronic music duo * ''14'' (David Garrett album), 2013 *''14'', an unreleased album by Charli XCX * "14" (song), a 2007 song by Paula Cole from ''Courage'' * "Fourteen", a 2000 song by The Vandals from '' Look What I Almost Stepped In...'' Other uses * ''Fourteen'' (film), a 2019 American film directed by Dan Sallitt * ''Fourteen'' (play), a 1919 play by Alice Gerstenberg * ''Fourteen'' (manga), a 1990 manga series by Kazuo Umezu * ''14'' (novel), a 2013 science fiction novel by Peter Clines * '' The 14'', a 1973 British drama film directed by David Hemmings * Fourteen, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community * Lot Fourteen, redevelopment site in Adelaide, South Australia, previously occupied by the Royal Adelaide Hospital * "The Fourteen", a nickname for NASA Astronaut Group 3 * Fourte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
