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Metal Forming
In metalworking, forming is the fashioning of metal parts and objects through mechanical deformation; the workpiece is reshaped without adding or removing material, and its mass remains unchanged. Forming operates on the materials science principle of plastic deformation, where the physical shape of a material is permanently deformed. Characteristics Metal forming tends to have more uniform characteristics across its subprocesses than its contemporary processes, cutting and joining. On the industrial scale, forming is characterized by: * Very high loads and stresses required, between 50 and () * Large, heavy, and expensive machinery in order to accommodate such high stresses and loads * Production runs with many parts, to maximize the economy of production and compensate for the expense of the machine tools Forming processes Forming processes tend to be categorised by differences in effective stresses. These categories and descriptions are highly simplified, since the stres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metalworking
Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures. As a term, it covers a wide and diverse range of processes, skills, and tools for producing objects on every scale: from huge ships, buildings, and bridges, down to precise engine parts and delicate jewellery. The historical roots of metalworking predate recorded history; its use spans cultures, civilizations and millennia. It has evolved from shaping soft, native metals like gold with simple hand tools, through the smelting of ores and hot forging of harder metals like iron, up to and including highly technical modern processes such as machining and welding. It has been used as an industry, a driver of trade, individual hobbies, and in the creation of art; it can be regarded as both a science and a craft. Modern metalworking processes, though diverse and specialized, can be categorized into one of three broad areas known as forming, cutt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machine Press
A forming press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure. The operator of a forming press is known as a press-tool setter, often shortened to tool-setter. Presses can be classified according to * their mechanism: Hydraulic press, hydraulic, Machine (mechanical) , mechanical, Pneumatics, pneumatic; * their function: forging presses, stamping presses, press brakes, punch press, etc. * their structure, e.g. Knuckle-joint press, screw press, Expeller pressing, Expeller press * their controllability: conventional vs. Servo press, servo-presses Shop Press Typically consisting of a simple rectangular frame, often fabrication (metal), fabricated from Structural channel, C-channel or tubing, containing a Jack (device)#Bottle jack, bottle jack or hydraulic cylinder to apply pressure via a ram to a work-piece. Often used for general-purpose forming work in the auto mechanic shop, machine shop, garage or basem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressing (metalworking)
Stamping (also known as pressing) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a stamping press where a tool and die surface forms the metal into a net shape. Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as punching using a machine press or stamping press, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining. This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series of stages. The process is usually carried out on sheet metal, but can also be used on other materials, such as polystyrene. Progressive dies are commonly fed from a coil of steel, coil reel for unwinding of coil to a straightener to level the coil and then into a feeder which advances the material into the press and die at a predetermined feed length. Depending on part complexity, the number of stations in the die can be determined. Stamping is usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moulding (process)
Molding (American English) or moulding (British and Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or pliable raw material using a rigid frame called a mold or matrix. This itself may have been made using a pattern or model of the final object. A mold or mould is a hollowed-out block that is filled with a liquid or pliable material such as plastic, glass, metal, or ceramic raw material. The liquid hardens or sets inside the mold, adopting its shape. A mold is a counterpart to a cast. The very common bi-valve molding process uses two molds, one for each half of the object. Articulated molds have multiple pieces that come together to form the complete mold, and then disassemble to release the finished casting; they are expensive, but necessary when the casting shape has complex overhangs. Piece-molding uses a number of different molds, each creating a section of a complicated object. This is generally only used for larger a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrous Metallurgy
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteoritic iron-nickel. It is not known when or where the smelting of iron from ores began, but by the end of the 2nd millennium BC iron was being produced from iron ores in the region from Greece to India,Riederer, Josef; Wartke, Ralf-B.: "Iron", Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth (eds.): Brill's New Pauly, Brill 2009Early Antiquity By I.M. Drakonoff. 1991. University of Chicago Press. . p. 372 The use of wrought iron (worked iron) was known by the 1st millennium BC, and its spread defined the Iron Age. During the medieval period, smiths in Europe found a way of producing wrought iron from cast iron, in this context known as pig iron, using finery forges. All these processes required charcoal as fuel. By the 4th century BC southern India had started exporting wootz steel, with a carbon content between pig iron a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Manufacturing Processes
This tree lists various manufacturing processes arranged by similarity of function. Casting *Bellfounding *Centrifugal casting (industrial) *Continuous casting *Die casting *Evaporative-pattern casting **Full-mold casting **Lost-foam casting *Investment casting (Lost-wax casting) **Investment casting#Counter-gravity casting, Countergravity casting **Lost-foam casting *Low pressure die casting *Permanent mold casting *Plastic mold casting *Resin casting *Sand casting *Shell molding *Slush casting, Slurry casting *Vacuum molding (casting), Vacuum molding :''Data from'' Fundamentals of modern manufacturing Labeling and painting ''Main articles: Image, Imaging and Coating'' *Laser engraving *Inkjet printing *Chemical vapor deposition *Sputter deposition *Plating *Thermal spraying Moulding *Powder metallurgy **Cold compaction, Compaction plus sintering **Hot isostatic pressing **Metal injection moulding **Spray forming *Plastics (see also Rapid prototyping) **Injection moul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flange
A flange is a protruded ridge, lip or rim (wheel), rim, either external or internal, that serves to increase shear strength, strength (as the flange of a steel beam (structure), beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam); for easy attachment/transfer of contact force with another object (as the flange on the end of a pipe (fluid conveyance), pipe, steam cylinder, etc., or on the lens mount of a camera); or for stabilizing and guiding the movements of a machine or its parts (as the inside flange of a railroad car, rail car or tram train wheel, wheel, which keep the wheels from derailment, running off the rail profile, rails). Flanges are often attached using bolts in the pattern of a bolt circle. Flanges play a pivotal role in piping systems by allowing easy access for maintenance, inspection, and modification. They provide a means to connect or disconnect Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes and equipment without the need for welding, which simplifies installation and reduces downtime during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal Spinning
Metal spinning, also known as spin forming or spinning or metal turning most commonly, is a metalworking process by which a disc or tube of metal is rotated at high speed and formed into an axially symmetric part. Spinning can be performed by hand or by a CNC lathe. The metal spinning trade is one that dates back to antiquity and was a skill used in the Ancient Egyptian era. This is when metal spinning was limited to soft metals spun by human power on primitive lathes. The technique gave significant advances to hydro and steam power in Europe and North America in the 19th century and by the early 20th century the electric motor provided the necessary power and high-speed turning capability. With this advancement, metal spinning craftsmen were now able to spin higher quality pieces made out of brass, copper, aluminum and even stainless and cold-rolled steel. Metal spinning does not involve removal of material, as in conventional wood or metal turning, but forming (moulding) of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep Drawing
Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The process is considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter. This is achieved by redrawing the part through a series of dies. The flange region (sheet metal in the die shoulder area) experiences a radial drawing stress and a tangential compressive stress due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses ( hoop stresses) result in flange wrinkles (wrinkles of the first order). Wrinkles can be prevented by using a blank holder, the function of which is to facilitate controlled material flow into the die radius. Deep drawing presses, especially in the Aerospace and Medical industries, require unparalleled accuracy and precision. Sheet hydroforming presses do complex draw work. Bed size, tonnage, stroke, speed, and more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tandem Rolling Mill
A tandem rolling mill is a Rolling (metalworking), rolling mill used to produce wire and sheet metal. It is composed of two or more close-coupled stands, and uses tension between the stands as well as compressive force from work rolls to reduce the thickness of steel. It was first patented by Richard Ford in 1766 in England. Each stand of a tandem mill is set up for rolling using the mill-stand's spring curve and the compressive curve of the metal so that both the rolling force and the exit thickness of each stand are determined. For mills rolling thinner strip, bridles may be added either at the entry and/or the exit to increase the strip tension near the adjacent stands, further increasing their reduction capability. History The first mention of a tandem rolling mill is Richard Ford's 1766 English patent for the hot rolling of wire. In 1798 he received another patent, this time for the hot rolling of plates and sheets using a tandem mill. The tandem mill's main advantage was inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compression (physics), compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die (manufacturing), die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons.Degarmo, p. 389 Forging has been done by metalsmith, smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, household hardware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery. Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanism (engineering), mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength of materials, strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamping (metalworking)
Stamping (also known as pressing) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a stamping press where a tool and Die (manufacturing), die surface forms the metal into a net shape. Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as punching using a machine press or stamping press, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining. This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series of stages. The process is usually carried out on sheet metal, but can also be used on other materials, such as polystyrene. Progressive dies are commonly fed from a coil of steel, coil reel for unwinding of coil to a straightener to level the coil and then into a feeder which advances the material into the press and die at a predetermined feed length. Depending on part complexity, the number of stations in the die can be determined. St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
