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Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure, in her own right. She was the sovereign of Archduchy of Austria, Austria, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg), Croatia, Crown of Bohemia, Bohemia, Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867), Transylvania, Slavonia, Duchy of Mantua, Mantua, Duchy of Milan, Milan, Moravia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Dalmatia, Austrian Netherlands, Carinthia, Carniola, Gorizia and Gradisca, Austrian Silesia, Tyrol (state), Tyrol, Styria and Duchy of Parma, Parma. By marriage, she was List of Lorrainian royal consorts#House of Vaudemont, 1473–1737, Duchess of Lorraine, List of Tuscan consorts#House of Lorraine, 1737–1765, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, and List of Holy Roman empresses#House of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empress. Through her aunt, Charlotte Christine of Brunswi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Van Meytens
Martin van Meytens (24 June 1695 – 23 March 1770) was a Sweden, Swedish-Austrian painter who painted members of the Royal Court of Austria such as Marie Antoinette, Maria Theresa, Maria Theresa of Austria, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor's family and members of the local aristocracy. His painting style inspired many other painters to paint in a similar format. Life and career Martin van Meytens was born and baptised in Stockholm, Sweden, son of the painter Martin Mijtens the Elder, Martin Meytens the Elder, who had moved around 1677 from The Hague to Sweden. He went early in his career on an extended study trip. He visited London, Paris and Vienna, then he lived and worked for a long time in Italy (Rome, Turin). At the beginning he painted little enamel miniature portraits, and he changed to oil painting only around 1730, having settled in Vienna. Here he became very popular as a portrait painter in the circles of the court and the aristocracy. In 1732 he became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchy Of Austria
The Archduchy of Austria (; ) was a major Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered at the Empire's southeastern periphery. Its present name originates from the Frankish term ''Oustrich'' – Eastern Kingdom (east of the Francia, Frankish kingdom). The archduchy developed out of the Bavarian Margraviate of Austria, elevated to the Duchy of Austria according to the 1156 ''Privilegium Minus'' by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The House of Habsburg came to the Austrian throne in Vienna in 1282 and in 1453 Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III, also the ruler of Austria, officially adopted the archducal title. From the 15th century onward, all Holy Roman Emperors but Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, one were Austrian archdukes and with the acquisition of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Bohemian and Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), Hungarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Carolina, Queen Of Naples And Sicily
Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV and III, who later became King of the Two Sicilies. As ''de facto'' ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in 1775, Maria Carolina was admitted to the Privy Counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Josepha
Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (Maria Josefa Gabriella Johanna Antonia Anna; 19 March 1751 – 15 October 1767) was the twelfth child and ninth daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Empress Maria Theresa. She was engaged to King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Sicily, but the marriage never materialised due to Maria Josepha's death due to smallpox. She was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria. Early life Maria Josepha was born on 19 March 1751 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, as the ninth daughter and twelfth child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Empress Maria Theresa. By birth, she was entitled to the position of Archduchess of Austria, as her sisters were. Four more siblings followed her birth: Maria Carolina (1752), Ferdinand Karl (1754), Maria Antonia (1755), and Maximillian Francis (1756). Alongside her other siblings, Maria Josepha lived in the Hofburg Palace during the winter. During the summer, her family resided in both the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela
Archduchess Maria Johanna of Austria (; 4 February 1750 23 December 1762) was an Archduchess of Austria as the eleventh child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was originally meant to marry Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, however, the marriage plans were never finalised due to Maria Johanna's death due to smallpox. Childhood Maria Johanna was born on 4 February 1750 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, as the eleventh child and eighth daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Empress Maria Theresa. She was raised in the ''Kindskammer'' with her many siblings, though she was particularly close with her sister Maria Josepha, whom was born a year after Maria Johanna in 1751. The two were educated together and had the same tutors. Maria Johanna strictly studied Latin, French, Italian, Greek, Spanish, German, English, history, geography, land surveying, mathematics, and theology—from the age of three. She was also taught how to danc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor, as well as King of Hungary, Croatia and King of Bohemia, Bohemia, and List of rulers of Austria, Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and List of rulers of Tuscany, Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I, and the brother of Queen Marie Antoinette of France, Queen Maria Carolina of Austria, Maria Carolina, Duchess Maria Amalia of Parma, and Emperor Joseph II. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism like his brother Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph II. He granted the Accademia_dei_Georgofili, Academy of Georgofili his protection. Unusually for his time, he opposed the death penalty and torture and abolished it in Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Tuscany on 30 November 1786 during his rule there, making it the first nation in modern history to do s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Amalia, Duchess Of Parma
Maria Amalia (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was List of Parmese consorts, duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage to Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma. She was born an Archduke, archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I. Upon her arrival in Duchy of Parma, Parma in 1769 until the death of her husband in 1802, she was the ''de facto'' ruler of the duchy. Early life Maria Amalia, known as Amélie, was born on 26 February 1746, in the Hofburg in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Austria, as the eighth child of Maria Theresa, ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She grew up in and near Vienna, in the Hofburg during the winters, and Schönbrunn Palace and Laxenburg castles during the summer. Education The sixteen children of Maria Theresa were raised in same-sex groups of two based on age, but as Maria Amalia was born between two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduke Charles Joseph Of Austria (born 1745)
Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (''Carl Josef Emanuel Johann Nepomuk Anton Prokop''; 1 February 1745 – 18 January 1761) was the second son and seventh child of the Habsburg ruler Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Life Archduke Charles Joseph was born on 1 February 1745 at the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. He was the second son and seventh child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa. Charles Joseph was the favourite son of Maria Theresa and Francis. He is known to have hated his older brother, the future Emperor Joseph II. He ridiculed him for his haughtiness and thought himself to be more deserving of the Crown of the Holy Roman Empire because he was the first son born to Maria Theresa as empress. Charles Joseph often said that he meant to contend with his brother for the imperial crown. In contrast to his older brother Joseph, who later became Holy Roman Emperor, he was considered extroverted and open-m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth Of Austria (born 1743)
Maria Elisabeth of Austria (German: ''Maria'' ''Elisabeth Josefa Johanna Antonia''; 13 August 1743 – 22 September 1808) was an archduchess of Austria and princess of Tuscany, Bohemia, and Hungary as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was an abbess of the Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies in Innsbruck from 1780 until 1806. Early life Born on 13 August 1743, Maria Elisabeth Josefa Johanna Antonia was the sixth (fourth living) of the sixteen children of Maria Theresa, ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, and Francis I Stephen, Holy Roman Emperor. She was given the customary education of an archduchess with a focus on religion, foreign languages, and etiquette, designed to make her a good consort. She was known as Elisabeth or Liesl in her family. As an infant, Elisabeth was small, frail, and sickly, worrying her family. Probably as a result of some gastrointestinal disease, she often failed to retain food and developed slowly. On the advice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Christina, Duchess Of Teschen
Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; 13 May 1742 – 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Married in 1766 to Prince Albert of Saxony, the couple received the Duchy of Teschen, and she was appointed Governor of the Austrian Netherlands jointly with her husband during 1781–1789 and 1791–1792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands (in 1789 and 1792), she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death. Biography Early years The fifth child and fourth (but second surviving) daughter, Maria Christina was born on the 25th birthday of her mother, on 13 May 1742 in Vienna, Austria. The next day she was baptized in the Hofburg with the names ''Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia''; Christina was named after her grandmother Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, however, she was always called ''Marie'' or ''Mimi'' at the Viennese court and by her family. She wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Carolina Of Austria (born 1740)
Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of emperor, and roughly equal to that of king, prince-(arch)bishop, and grand duke, but above that of sovereign prince and duke. The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl Habsburg. Terminology The English word is first recorded in 1530, derived from Middle French ', a 15th-century derivation from Medieval Latin ', from Latin ''-'' ( Greek ) meaning "authority" or "primary" (see '' arch-'') and ' "duke" (literally "leader"). "Archduke" (; ) is a title distinct from " Grand Duke" (; ; ; ), a later monarchic title borne by the rulers of oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Anna Of Austria (born 1738)
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (Maria Anna Josepha Antonia; 6 October 1738 – 19 November 1789) was the second child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. As a child, and for a time the eldest surviving child, she was heiress presumptive, but she suffered from ill health and physical disability, and did not marry. In 1766 she became abbess of the Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies in Prague. Soon thereafter she moved to Klagenfurt and remained there for the rest of her life. Her palace in Klagenfurt, the ''Mariannengasse'', now houses the Episcopal Palace. Biography Early life Archduchess Maria Anna (known as ''Marianna'') was born on 6 October 1738 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, the center of the Habsburg monarchy. As the second but eldest surviving daughter of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, she was heiress presumptive of the hereditary lands of the Austrian Habsburgs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
