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Mailuan Languages
The Mailuan or Cloudy Bay languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Cloudy Bay in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea. Languages The languages, which all share about half of their vocabulary, are, * Domu, Binahari–Binahari-Ma, Morawa, Mailu (Magi), Laua Bauwaki–O'oku is closely related to the Mailuan languages. Classification Dutton (1971) said Bauwaki was a link to the Yareban languages. It has greater lexical similarity with Aneme Wake (Yareban) than the closest Mailuan language, Domu. Usher (2020) classifies Mailuan, Bauwaki and Yareban together. Magi shows evidence of language shift from an Oceanic language in many Oceanic words. Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the proto-Mailuan–Yareban pronouns as: : Ross (1995) reconstructs the Mailuan pronouns as: : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maiduan Languages
Maiduan (also Maidun, Pujunan) is a small endangered language family of northeastern California. Family division The Maiduan consists of 4 languages: * Maiduan ** Maidu (also known as Maidu proper, Northeastern Maidu, Mountain Maidu) ** Chico (also known as Valley Maidu) ** Konkow (also known as Northwestern Maidu) ** Nisenan (also known as Southern Maidu) The languages have similar sound systems but differ significantly in terms of grammar. They are not mutually intelligible, even though many works often refer to all of the speakers of these languages as ''Maidu''. The Chico dialects are little known due to scanty documentation, so their precise genetic relationship to the other languages probably cannot be determined (Mithun 1999), and in any case may have been not a fourth Maiduan language, but widely divergent dialects of Konkow (Ultan 1967). Three of the languages went extinct by approximately the year 2000. Konkow was reported to have 3 elderly speakers in 2007. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mailu Language
Mailu, or Magi (Magɨ), is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Overview Magi is a non-Austronesian language spoken by upwards of 6000 people living on the islands of Mailu, Laluoru, Loupomu and Eunuoro and along the south coast between Cape Rodney and mid-Orangerie Bay of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. It is often referred to as 'Mailu' as one of the major villages speaking this language is the village of that name on Mailu Island. It is related to the other languages of the Mailuan family (Ma, Laua, Morawa, Neme'a, Domu and Bauwaki whose speakers live or lived inland of this area). Ma and Laua are now extinct. Magi speakers have for a long time had close contacts and (probably extensive) integration with Austrone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mailuan Languages
The Mailuan or Cloudy Bay languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Cloudy Bay in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea. Languages The languages, which all share about half of their vocabulary, are, * Domu, Binahari–Binahari-Ma, Morawa, Mailu (Magi), Laua Bauwaki–O'oku is closely related to the Mailuan languages. Classification Dutton (1971) said Bauwaki was a link to the Yareban languages. It has greater lexical similarity with Aneme Wake (Yareban) than the closest Mailuan language, Domu. Usher (2020) classifies Mailuan, Bauwaki and Yareban together. Magi shows evidence of language shift from an Oceanic language in many Oceanic words. Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the proto-Mailuan–Yareban pronouns as: : Ross (1995) reconstructs the Mailuan pronouns as: : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassowary
Cassowaries (; Biak: ''man suar'' ; ; Papuan: ''kasu weri'' ) are flightless birds of the genus ''Casuarius'', in the order Casuariiformes. They are classified as ratites, flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bones. Cassowaries are native to the tropical forests of New Guinea (Western New Guinea and Papua New Guinea), the Moluccas (Seram and Aru Islands), and northeastern Australia.. Three cassowary species are extant. The most common, the southern cassowary, is the third-tallest and second-heaviest living bird, smaller only than the ostrich and emu. The other two species are the northern cassowary and the dwarf cassowary; the northern cassowary is the most recently discovered and the most threatened. A fourth, extinct, species is the pygmy cassowary. Cassowaries are very wary of humans, but if provoked, they are capable of inflicting serious, even fatal, injuries. They are known to attack both dogs and people. The cassowary has often been labelled "the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire. Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge. Mechanisms Prehistory For prehistory, Forster ''et al''. (2004) and Forster and Renfrew (2011) observe that there is a correlation of language shift with intrusive male Y chromosomes but not necessarily with intrusive female mtDNA. They conclude that technological innovation (the transition from hunting-gathering to farming, or from stone to metal tools) or military prowess (as in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aneme Wake Language
Aneme Wake, or Abia, is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province, in the Papuan Peninsula The Papuan Peninsula, also known as the Bird's Tail Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Papua New Guinea, southeast of the city of Lae, that makes up the southeastern portion of the island of New Guinea. The peninsula is the easternmost extent of .... References Languages of Papua New Guinea Languages of Oro Province Yareban languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yareban Languages
The Yareban or Musa River languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken near the Musa River in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea. Languages The languages are, * Moikodi (Doriri) * Aneme Wake (Abia) *Barijian: Bariji, Nawaru (Sirio) * Yareba Barijian is suggested by lexicostatistics in Dutton (1971). The only pronouns which are known in enough languages to reconstruct are ''na'' 1sg and ''a'' 2sg, which are common to all Yareban languages. Proto-language Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : *s and *dz were acquired through loans, but may have already been present in the protolanguage. *ʔ and *g may have been allophones. Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u. Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Evolution Yareban reflexes of proto-T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauwaki Language
Bauwaki (Bawaki) is a Papuan language The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a ... of New Guinea, sometimes classified as a member of the Mailuan family. It is 70% lexically similar to Abia of the Yareban family. Dutton (1971) proposed it to be a 'bridge' between the Mailuan and Yareban language families. O'oku, either a dialect or a closely related language, is similarly lexically 60% Yareban. References Languages of Papua New Guinea Mailuan languages Mailu–Yareban languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laua Language
Laua, also known as Labu, is an extinct Mailuan language of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... It was spoken in the Central Province, north and west of Laua according to Ethnologue. Laua had only one remaining speaker in 1987, and became extinct shortly after. References Languages of Central Province (Papua New Guinea) Critically endangered languages Mailuan languages Extinct languages of Papua New Guinea {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morawa Language
Morawa is a Papuan language The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a ... of New Guinea. References Languages of Papua New Guinea Mailuan languages {{PapuaNewGuinea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. It has Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border, a land border with Indonesia to the west and neighbours Australia to the south and the Solomon Islands to the east. Its capital, on its southern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest list of island countries, island country, with an area of . The nation was split in the 1880s between German New Guinea in the North and the Territory of Papua, British Territory of Papua in the South, the latter of which was ceded to Australia in 1902. All of present-day Papua New Guinea came under Australian control following World War I, with the legally distinct Territory of New Guinea being established out of the former German colony as a League of Nations mandate. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
