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Mahavira
Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर, ), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान, ), was the 24th ''Tirthankara'' (Supreme Preacher and Ford Maker) of Jainism. Although the dates and most historical details of his life are uncertain and varies by sect, historians generally consider that he lived during the 6th or 5th century BCE, reviving and reforming a proto-Jain community (which had possibly been founded by Pārśvanātha), and that he was an older contemporary of Gautama Buddha. Jains regard him as the spiritual successor of the 23rd ''Tirthankara'' Parshvanatha. According to traditional legends and hagiographies, Mahavira was born in the early 6th century BCE to a royal Kshatriya Jain family of ancient India. His mother's name was Trishala and his father's name was Siddhartha. According to the second chapter of the Śvētāmbara Ācārāṅga Sūtra, Siddhartha and his family were devotees of Parshvanatha. Mahavira abandoned all worldly p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jain Temple, Kundalpur (Bihar)
Jain temple, Kundalpur is a complex of six Jain Jain temple, temples located in Kundalpur, Bihar, Kundalpur village near Nalanda, Bihar. Kundalpur is one of the most important Jain pilgrimages in Bihar. History Kundalpur was an ancient capital city ruled by the Licchavi (tribe), Licchavi. Kundalpur is believed to be the birthplace of Mahavira, the 24th ''tirthankara'' of Jainism. This place is also believed to birthplace of four of the eleven ''Ganadhara'' of Mahavira, including Gautama Swami. Architecture The ancient Jain temple called ''Simhamukhi Teela'' is located near Nalanda and houses a idol of Mahavira. The temple houses a number of Jain artifacts. The new temple complex, located from the ancient temple, consists of five temples. The temple is constructed using stones from Jaisalmer housing idols of Mahavira, Rishabhanatha and Gautama Swami. In Kundalpur temple complex, a total of 72 idols of Tirthankaras are installed in a separate temples. The temple also has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jainism
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion whose three main pillars are nonviolence (), asceticism (), and a rejection of all simplistic and one-sided views of truth and reality (). Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four , supreme preachers of ''dharma''. The first in the current time cycle is Rishabhadeva, who tradition holds lived millions of years ago; the 23rd is Parshvanatha, traditionally dated to the 9th century Common Era, BCE; and the 24th is Mahāvīra, Mahavira, who lived . Jainism is considered an eternal ''dharma'' with the guiding every time cycle of the Jain cosmology, cosmology. Central to understanding Jain philosophy is the concept of ''bhedavijñāna'', or the clear distinction in the nature of the soul and non-soul entities. This principle underscores the innate purity and potential for liberation within every Jīva (Jainism), soul, distinct from the physical and menta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siddhartha Of Kundagrama
Siddhartha was the father of Mahavira (Vardhamana), the 24th Jain Tirthankara. He was a Kshatriya ruler from the Ikshvaku dynasty and the Gaṇa Mukhya of the Nāya clan in Kundagrama, a suburb of Vaishali. He was married to Licchavi princess Trishala (sister of Chetaka of Vaishali). The parents of Tirthankaras and their mothers in particular are worshipped among Jains and are frequently depicted in paintings and sculpture. According to the second chapter of the Śvētāmbara Ācārāṅga Sūtra, Siddhartha and his family were devotees of Parshvanatha.After his death, Nandivardhana became the gaṇa mukhya of the Nāya Republic. Siddhartha and Trishala died by observing '' Santhara'' (fast unto death) when Vardhamana was 28 years of age. Following his parents' demise, Vardhamana decided to take permission from his uncle Suparshva and elder brother Nandivardhana, who dissuaded him from renouncing worldly life for two more years because he was unable to bear the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahavira (other)
Mahavira may refer to: * Mahavira Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर, ), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान, ), was the 24th ''Tirthankara'' (Supreme Preacher and Ford Maker) of Jainism. Although the dates and most historical details of his lif ... (599–527 BCE), 24th and last Jain Tirthankara (enlightened reformer) in the current avsarpini (cosmological cycle of Jainism); a contemporary of the Buddha and considered to be the historical founder of Jainism * Another name for Hanuman, Hindu god, devotee of Rama in the Indian epic ''Ramayana'' * Mahāvīra (mathematician), 9th-century Indian Jain mathematician * Mahavira Hall, main hall of a Buddhist temple in China, Korea and Vietnam * ''Mahaveera'' (film), 1988 Indian film * '' Mahavira: The Hero of Nonviolence'', a book about the founder of Jainism * Shri Mahaveer Ji (town), a town and pilgrimage centre in Rajasthan, India ** Shri Mahaveer Ji temple, a Mahavira Jain temple in the town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwali (Jainism)
Diwali in Jainism marks the anniversary of '' Nirvana'' (final release) or liberation of Mahavira's soul, the twenty-fourth and last Jain Tirthankara of the present cosmic age. It is celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of Diwali. Diwali marks the end of the year for Jains, and it likewise commemorates the passing of their twenty-fourth Tirthankara Mahavira and his achievement of moksha. History According to ''Tilyapannatti'' of Yativrsabha, Mahavira attained Moksha (liberation) on this day at Pawapuri on 15 October 527 BCE, on Chaturdashi of Kartika. Mahavira, the 24th ''Tirthankara'' of this era, revitalised Jain dharma. According to tradition, the chief disciple of Mahavira, '' Ganadhara'' Gautam Swami also attained omniscience i.e. absolute or complete knowledge ('' Kevala Jñāna'') on this day, thus making Diwali one of the most important Jain festivals. Mahavira attained his nirvana at the dawn of the amavasya (new moon). According to the ''Śv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pawapuri
Pawapuri, or Pavapuri (also called Apapapuri, meaning "the sinless town"), is a holy site for Jainism, Jains located in the Nalanda district of Bihar state in East India, eastern India. It is located about 19 kilometres from Rajgir and 101 kilometres from Patna, the capital of Bihar. Pawapuri is Mahavira's ''nirvana'' and a pilgrimage site for Jains. Tourism Pawapuri in Nalanda district ranks second after Rajgir in Nalanda in terms of tourism. Among the main tourist attractions, the Jal Mandir here is world-famous. It is believed that Lord Mahavira (the 24th 24th Tirthankara, Tirthankara of Jainism) was cremated at this place after attaining Mahanirvana. Most of the tourists come to Pawapuri in thousands to see the beauty of the water temple. Spread over an area of 84 bighas, the beauty of the pond of this Jal Mandir has a different importance. In the summer, lotus flowers enhance the beauty of this pond, due to which this pond is also known as Kamal Sarovar. And during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magadha (Mahajanapada)
Magadha was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (ca. 320–185 BCE). Geography The territory of the Magadha kingdom proper before its expansion was bounded to the north, west, and east respectively by the Gaṅgā, Son, and Campā rivers, and the eastern spurs of the Vindhya mountains formed its southern border. The territory of the initial Magadha kingdom thus corresponded to the modern-day Patna and Gaya districts of the Indian state of Bihar. The region of Greater Magadha also included neighbouring regions in the eastern Gangetic plains and had a distinct culture and belief. History Vedic period (semi-legendary) (ca. 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haryanka Dynasty
The Haryanka dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Magadha, according to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa between 544 BC and 413 BC though some scholars favour a later chronology (5th century BCE to first half of 4th century BCE). Initially, the capital was Rajagriha. Later, it was shifted to Pataliputra, near present-day Patna in India during the reign of Udayin. Bimbisara is considered to be the founder of the dynasty. According to the Mahavamsa, Bimbisara was appointed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen. This dynasty was succeeded by the Shaishunaga dynasty. Governance The governance structure of Haryanka dynasty is mentioned in ancient texts. They mention ''gramakas'' (village headmen) who headed village assemblies and ''mahamatras'' (high-ranking officials) who had executive, judicial and military functions. Historically, this period coincided with the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley during the rule of Darius I from about 517/516 BCE. Rulers Bimb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahavira Janma Kalyanaka
Mahavira Janma Kalyanaka is one of the most important religious festivals in Jainism. It celebrates the birth of Mahavira, the twenty-fourth and last Tīrthaṅkara (supreme preacher) of present Avasarpiṇī. On the Gregorian calendar, the festivity occurs either in March or April. Birth According to Jain texts, Mahavira was born on the thirteenth day of the bright half of the moon in the month of '' Chaitra'' in the year 599 BC (Chaitra Sud 13). According to Shvetambara tradition, he was born in Kshatriyakund of Bihar. Some modern historians consider Kundagram (which is today's Kundalpur in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar) as his birthplace. He was born in a democratic kingdom (Ganarajya), Vajji, where the king was chosen by votes. Vaishali was its capital. He was named Vardhamana, meaning "One who grows", because of the increased prosperity in the kingdom at the time of his birth. In Vasokund, Mahavira is revered by the villagers. A place called ''Ahalya bhumi'' has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bimbisara
Bimbisāra (in Buddhist tradition) or Shrenika () and Seniya () in the Jain histories ( or ) was the King of Magadha (V. K. Agnihotri (ed.), ''Indian History''. Allied Publishers, New Delhi 262010p. 166f. or ) and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty.Peter N. Stearns (2001), ''The Encyclopedia of World History''. Houghton Mifflin, p. 76 ff. . He was the son of Bhattiya. His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Mauryan Empire. According to Jain Tradition, he is said to be the first Tirthankara (''will be named as Padmanabha / Mahapadma'') out of 24th Tirthankara of the future cosmic age. He frequently visited Samavasarana of Lord Mahavira seeking answers to his queries. According to Buddhist Tradition, he is also known for his cultural achievements and was a great friend and protector of the Buddha. According to the 7th century Chinese monk Xuanzang, Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solar Dynasty
The Solar dynasty or (; ), also called the Ikshvaku dynasty, is a legendary Indian dynasty said to have been founded by Ikshvaku. In Hindu texts, Hindu literature, it ruled the Kosala Kingdom, with its capital at Ayodhya (Ramayana), Ayodhya, and later at Shravasti. They worshipped their Kuladevata, clan deity, Surya (a Hindu solar deity), after whom the dynasty is named. Along with the Lunar dynasty, the Solar dynasty comprises one of the main lineages of the Kshatriya Varna (Hinduism), varna in Hinduism. According to Jain literature, the first ''Tirthankara'' of Jainism, Rishabhanatha himself, was King Ikshvaku. Twenty-one further ''Tirthankaras'' were born in this dynasty. According to Buddhist literature, Gautama Buddha descended from the this dynasty. The important personalities belonging to this royal house are Mandhatri, Muchukunda, Ambarisha, Bharata (Jainism), Bharata, Bahubali, Harishchandra, Dilīpa, Sagara (Vedic king), Sagara, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nalanda District
Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight Districts of Bihar, districts of the state of Bihar in India. Bihar Sharif is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts is home to the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nalanda is located in the Magadh region of southern Bihar. In Jainism * The 24th Jainism, Jaina Tirthankara Mahavira, ''Mahāvīra'' is said to have spent 'many Chaturmasya, ''Cāturmāsyas'' (rainy seasons)' at ''Nālandā''. Canonical scriptures of the ''Śvetāmbara'' sect also mention that ''Nālandā'' was known by other names such as ''Nālandāpada'' and ''Nālandā Sanniveśa''. The texts further highlight that it was a suburb of ''Rajgir, Rājagṛha''. ''Mahāvīra'' is said to have had met ''Makkhali Gosala, Makkhali-gosāla'', the leader of the Ājīvika, ''Ājīvakas'', for the first time at ''Nālandā''. * Jaina tradition records that some of ''Mahāvīra's Ganadhara, Gaṇadharas'' (disciples), namely ''Gautama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
