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Magaric Languages
The Magar languages (or Magaric languages) are a small proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Nepal, notably including Magar and Kham. ''(Ethnologue'' considers each to be a cluster of languages.) They are often classified as part of the Mahakiranti family, and Van Driem (2001) proposes that they are close relatives of Mahakiranti. Several neighboring languages with uncertain affiliation may prove to belong to a larger Magar family (" Greater Magaric"). These are Chepangic, and possibly also Raji–Raute and Dura languages. Thurgood & LaPolla (2003) included Kham in LaPolla's speculative 'Rung' proposal, but found the inclusion of Magar and Chepang less probable, suggesting that the evidence for even a Magar–Kham connection is far from clear-cut. The Kaike language is also spoken by the Magar people, but is a Tamangic rather than a Magaric language. Classification Schorer (2016:293)Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura Language: Grammar and Phylogeny''. Leide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China China–Nepal border, to the north, and India India–Nepal border, to the south, east, and west, while it is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor, and from Bhutan by the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a Geography of Nepal, diverse geography, including Terai, fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten List of highest mountains#List, tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and List of cities in Nepal, its largest city. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, and multi-cultural state, with Nepali language, Nepali as the official language. The name "Nepal" is first record ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaike Language
Magar Kaike is a Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal. ''Ethnologue'' classifies it as a West Bodish language. Distribution Kaike is a nepali magar language spoken in Shahartara, Samteling,Tupatara, Tarakot,Namdel and Belawa villages of kaike Rural Municipality, Dolpa District, Karnali Province, Nepal (''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...''). Linguistic contact Honda (2008) notes that Kaike shares many words with Tamangic, but is not part of Tamangic proper. It is also in contact with Tichurong, a divergent Tibetic lect spoken near the Kaike-speaking areas. Zemp (2023) discusses the heavy influence of Tichurong on Kaike, but notes that Kaike has a Tamangic base.Zemp, Marius. 2023. ''Tichurong-Tibetic influence in the grammar of Kaike (Nepal)''. 26th Himal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawat Language
Rawat (Raute), or "Jangali" (Jungle), is a small Sino-Tibetan language of India. It is spoken in 9 villages north of Askot in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India (''Ethnologue'') as well as in several villages in Dadeldhura District, Nepal and Darchula District, Nepal. Rawat (pronounced "raut") is a semi-agglutinative language, and features SOV sentences with either monosyllabic or less frequently di-syllabic noun heads and verb stems. Verbs are modified with various particles, including nominalizers, causatives, tense, aspect, person, number and other generally stem final particles. The noun heads have plurals, locatives, deictics, ergatives, reflexives and other generally word-final case markings. Prefixed morphemes similar to adjectives also modify nouns and root-initial voiced/voiceless alternations signal the transitivity of verbs. An example is ''geda hluw hwã-ha-re'' (geda=child hluw=bathe hwã=Copula ha=progressive re=present tense) "The child is bathing" (Fortier 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raute Language
Raute is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Dadeldhura District, Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal. Some speakers are nomadic. Alternate names include Boto boli, Khamchi, Raji, Rajwar, Ra’te, Rautya, Rautye (''Ethnologue''). Geographical distribution ''Ethnologue'' lists the following locations for historical and present locations of the Raute. *Jogbudha and Sirsa VDC's, Dadeldhura District, Sudurpashchim Province Sudurpashchim Province () is one of the seven Provinces of Nepal, provinces established by the Constitution of Nepal, new constitution of Nepal which was adopted on 20 September 2015. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, ...: in Karnali and Mahakali (Kali) rivers watershed regions (800 settled) *Former nomadic camp in Surkhet district, Karnali Province *Midwest and far west forest regions (about 25 nomads). References Raji–Raute languages Languages of Nepal Languages of Sudurpashchim Province Languages of Karnali Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raji Language
Raji is a small Sino-Tibetan language of Nepal and Uttarakhand, India. Speakers were until recently nomadic. Distribution Raji is spoken in the following areas of southwestern Nepal: *Lumbini Province: Banke and Bardiya districts * Karnali Province: Surkhet *Sudurpashchim Province: Kailali and Kanchanpur districts It is also spoken by Raji people of Uttarakhand, India, primarily living in Pithoragarh district. In Pithoragarh district Pithoragarh district is the easternmost district in the state of Uttarakhand. It is located in the Himalayas and has an area of and a population of 483,439 (as of 2011). The city of Pithoragarh, located in Saur Valley, is its headquarters. Th ..., Rastogi (2015) reports that Raji is spoken in the hamlets of Kimkhola, Bhogtirua, Ganagaon, Chipaltara, Madanbori, Kutachaurani, Altodi, Jamtadi, Khirdwari and Chakarpur. Dialects Khatri (2008)Khatri, Ramesh. 2008. ''The structure of verbs and sentences of Raji''. MA thesis, Kirtipur: Tribh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhujel Language
Bhujel, also called Bujhyal, is a Chepangic language of Greater Magaric Branch spoken in central Nepal. It is a semi-tonal language, employing a complex array of affixes. Bhujel are from Tibetan burman family. Bhujel people normally are with Mongoloid features rather than with Caucasoid features. Due to the social structure & social development, this term has been the identity of many other ethnic people too. Geographical distribution Bhujel is spoken in the following villages of Nepal (''Ethnologue''). *Tanahun District, Gandaki Zone: Kulmun, Arthumpka, Andimul, and Baniyatar *Gorkha District, Gandaki Zone: Beltar *Nawalparasi District, Lumbini Zone: Dhodeni *Chitwan District, Narayani Zone: Chanaute Dialects ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chepang Language
Chepang is a language spoken by approximately 59,000 people in South-Central Nepal. The people are known as Chepang. In 2003, Randy LaPolla proposed that the Chepang may be part of a larger " Rung" group. Another group who speaks Chepang, living across the Gandaki river, call themselves Bujheli. Phonology Consonants Phonetic Realizations The glottal stop is realized in some contexts, though usually not as a full closure and is instead presented as falling pitch, laryngealization, re-articulation, or by lengthening of the segment before. Some example of possible occurrences are listed below: * Syllable Initial ** Full closure at the beginning of words — (ʔ / #__) ** Re-articulation at the beginning of words — ( Vowels Research suggests that Chepang may have had a three vowel system at one point in time. Those vowels being /i/ /u/ and /ə/, this is uncommon for a three vowel system as commonly they consist of /a/ /i/ and /u/ as seen in Classical Arabic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tandrange Language
Tandrange ( ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in a few ethnic Gurung villages of Lamjung District, Nepal.Schorer, Nicolas. 2016. ''The Dura Language: Grammar and Phylogeny''. Leiden: Brill. Tandrange is spoken in the villages of Tāndrāṅ (), Pokharī Thok (), and Jītā (). It belongs to the Greater Magaric branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. According to Schorer (2016), the Tandrange language is closely related to the recently extinct Dura language Dura is an extinct language of Nepal. It has been classified in the West Bodish branch of Tibetan languages, though more recent work separates it out as an independent branch of Sino-Tibetan. Many of the Dura have switched to speaking Nepali, a ..., which was also spoken in Lamjung District. However, Tandrange speakers adamantly consider themselves as not related to the stigmatized Dura people. Numerals The Tandrange numerals are:Nagila, Kedar Bilash. 2010Dura genderlects Presented at Southeast Asian Ministers of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamangic Languages
The Tamangic languages, TGTM languages, or West Bodish languages or Kaike-Ghale-Tamangic languages (Glottolog), are a family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in the Himalayas of Nepal. They are called "West Bodish" by Bradley (1997), from ''Bod'', the native term for Tibet. TGTM stands for Tamang- Gurung- Thakali- Manang. Proto-TGTM has been reconstructed in Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic is united with the Bodish and West Himalayish languages in Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" and Van Driem's (2001) Tibeto-Kanauri. Languages The Tamangic languages are: * Tamang (several divergent varieties, with a million speakers) *Gurung (two varieties with low mutual intelligibility) * Thakali (including the Seke dialect; ethnically Tamang) *Manang language cluster: the closely related Manang, Gyasumdo, Nar Phu, and Nyeshangte languages. * Chantyal * Ghale languages (Ghale Ghale is an ethnic group in Nepal with a unique cultural heritage and language, which serves as a significant aspect of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magar People
The Magars, also spelled Mangar and Mongar, are the largest ethnic group native to Nepal and Northeast India, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the 2021 Nepal census. They are one of the main Gurkha tribes. The first home of the Magars was to the west of the Gandaki River and, roughly speaking, consisted of that portion of Nepal which lies between and around about Gulmi, Arghakhanchi, and Palpa. This part of the country was divided into twelve districts known as ''Bahra Magarat'' (Confederation of Twelve Magar villages), which included the following regions of that period: Argha, Khanchi, Bhirkot, Dhor, Garhung, Ghiring, Gulmi, Isma, Musikot, Rising, Satung, and Pyung. During the medieval period, the whole area from Palpa to Rukum Rolpa was called the Magarat, a place settled and inhabited by Magars. Another confederation of eighteen Magar kingdoms, known as ''Athara Magarat'', also existed and was originally inhabited by Kham Magars. Geographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rung Languages
The Rung languages are a proposed branch of Sino-Tibetan languages. The branch was proposed by Randy LaPolla on the basis of morphological evidence such as pronominal paradigms. However, Guillaume Jacques and Thomas Pellard (2021) argues that these languages do not constitute a monophyly based on recent phylogenetic studies and on a thorough investigation of shared lexical innovations. LaPolla (2003) lists the following languages as part of his provisional "Rung" group.LaPolla, Randy. 2003. "Overview of Sino-Tibetan Morphosyntax". In Graham Thurgood & Randy LaPolla (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan Languages. London: Routledge. *Rung ** Rgyalrongic (also often included into the Qiangic branch) ** Nungish *** T'rung (Dulong) *** Anong *** Rawang ** Kiranti ** West Himalayan (Kinauri-Almora) ***Kinauri ***Almora **Kham ** Magar ** Chepang Kham Kham (; ) is one of the three traditional Tibet, Tibetan regions, the others being Domey also known as Amdo in the northeast, and Ü-Tsang i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
