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Lower Murray Languages
The Lower Murray languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. They are:Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) *Lower Murray ** Ngarinyeri ( Yaralde, Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, Ramindjeri) ** Ngayawung (Ngayawang) ** Yuyu (Ngintait, Ngarkat) ** Keramin ** Yitha-Yitha ''moribund'' Dixon treats these as isolates, either because they are not close or are too poorly attested to demonstrate they are close. Bowern (2011) adds Peramangk. References {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages () are the most widespread language family, family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two end-points of the range, the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for 'man' is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for 'man' is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are often referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. Many languages have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some way. Only in the central inland portions of the continent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaralde Language
Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia. Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi (or Yaralde Tingar). Ngarrindjerri is Pama–Nyungan. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages. Tanganekald, also known as Thangal, is now extinct. Name Linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann suggests that the original pronunciation of ''Ngarrindjeri'' had two distinct rhotic consonants: the first was ''rr'' (as in Italian) and the second was ''r'' (as in English). Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2020), ''Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond''Oxford University Press / However, in revitalized Ngarrindjeri, both rhotics "are pronounced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngayawung Language
Ngayawung (Ngaiawong) is an extinct language of southern South Australia, spoken by the Ngaiawang The Ngaiawang (Ngayawang) were an Aboriginal Australian people of the western Riverland area of South Australia, with a language considered part of the Lower Murray group. They are now considered extinct. They have sometimes been referred to as ..., Ngaralti and Nganguruku people. The name is also spelled ''Ngaiyau, Aiawung, Aiawong, Iawung, Nggauaiyowangko''; other names are ''Birta, Pitta, Pieta, Peeita'' and ''Meru''. Phonology Consonants Vowels References Lower Murray languages {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuyu Language
Yuyu (Yirau) is an extinct language or dialect cluster of southern South Australia. Walsh treats Yuyu as a language with Ngawait, Erawirung, Ngintait The Ngintait, or Ngindadj, are an Australian Aboriginal peoples of the northwest corner of the state of Victoria, and partly in South Australia. Nine people, all of one family, claim descent from the tribe, which was dispersed in the 19th century. ..., and Ngarkat as dialects; Berndt and Berndt (1993) list those as dialects related to Yuyu.Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) References Lower Murray languages Extinct languages of South Australia {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keramin Language
Kureinji is an extinct language of southwest New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South .... It is also called Keramin and Kemendok, though it is not clear if these are dialects or synonyms. ''Keramin'' is also spelled ''Karin, Kerinma, Karinma, Karingma, Keramin;'' other names are ''Orangema, Pintwa''. Horgen suggests that ''Yerreyerre'' is another name for Keramin, but this name may refer to other languages. References Lower Murray languages {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yitha-Yitha Language
Yitha-Yitha is a moribund language of southern New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ... spoken by the Yitha Yitha people. The language was studied in the 1980s. Yita Yita has many monosyllabic words, consonant finals and consonant clusters. Many Yita Yita place names include the words meaning foot, and meaning leg. References Lower Murray languages Indigenous Australian languages in South Australia {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngarinyeri Language
Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia. Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi (or Yaralde Tingar). Ngarrindjerri is Pama–Nyungan. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages. Tanganekald, also known as Thangal, is now extinct. Name Linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann suggests that the original pronunciation of ''Ngarrindjeri'' had two distinct rhotic consonants: the first was ''rr'' (as in Italian) and the second was ''r'' (as in English). Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2020), ''Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond''Oxford University Press / However, in revitalized Ngarrindjeri, both rhotics "are pronounced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarildekald People
The Jarildekald people, also known as Yarilde or Yaralde, are an Aboriginal Australian people of South Australia originating on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River. Name The tribal name Jarildekald is said to derive from ''Jarawalangan'', a phrase meaning "Where shall we go?" referring to a tradition according to which on migrating from the interior to the mouth of the Murray, the tribe at that point was perplexed as to where they were to continue their travels. They were grouped as the Ngarrindjeri by the early ethnographer George Taplin, though Norman Tindale and others have argued that while his data refer predominantly to the Jarildekald, it would be mistaken to confuse them with the Narinndjeri. In 2019, law professor Irene Watson wrote in an article about the Maria massacre: "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong. They are ancient names that have become almost lost to living memory. Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peramangk Language
Peramangk, also known as Merildekald, is an extinct Pama-Nyungan language of the Peramangk lands in South Australia. Like its congener the Kaurna language, it was previously listed as endangered. History Many Peramangk place names, cultural practices and dreamtime character names are well known. A proportion of the vocabulary and grammatical elements of the language may potentially be shared with Kaurna language as well as Nganguruku language, and to some extent the Ngarrindjeri and Ngadjuri languages among others. Some elements of the Peramangk language may be considered distinctive from Kaurna. Peramangk language may be held dear by Peramangk elders, and hence it was cited that a Peramangk descendant is collecting and compiling language data. It is likely that Peramangk elders knew each of the surrounding languages, as surrounding tribes often met on Peramangk land at their invitation. A work compiled by The Lutheran Missionary Society within a short period after colonisati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
