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Liverwort Genera
Liverworts are a group of non-vascular land plants forming the division Marchantiophyta (). They may also be referred to as hepatics. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information. The division name was derived from the genus name ''Marchantia'', named after his father by French botanist Jean Marchant. It is estimated that there are about 9000 species of liverworts. Some of the more familiar species grow as a flattened leafless thallus, but most species are leafy with a form very much like a flattened moss. Leafy species can be distinguished from the apparently similar mosses on the basis of a number of features, including their single-celled rhizoids. Leafy liverworts also differ from most (but not all) mosses in that their leaves never have a costa (present in many mosses) and may bear marginal cilia (very rare in mosses). Other differences are not universal for all mosses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period Megaannum, Ma (million years ago) to the start of the Silurian Period Ma. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic Britons, Welsh tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same Rock (geology), rock beds in North Wales in the Cambrian and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed Stratum, strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian systems, and placed them in a system of their own. The Ordovician received international approval in 1960 (forty years after Lapworth's death), when it was adopted as an official per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jungermanniales
Jungermanniales is the largest Order (biology), order of Marchantiophyta, liverworts. They are distinctive among the liverworts for having thin leaf-like flaps on either side of the stem. Most other liverworts are thalloid, with no leaves. Due to their dorsiventral organization and scale-like, overlapping leaves, the Jungermanniales are sometimes called "scale-mosses". Families of Jungermanniales An updated classification by Söderström et al. 2016 * Cephaloziineae Schljakov [Jamesoniellineae] ** Adelanthaceae Grolle 1972 [Jamesoniellaceae He-Nygrén et al. 2006] ** Anastrophyllaceae Söderström et al. 2010b ** Cephaloziaceae Walter Migula, Migula 1904 ** Cephaloziellaceae Douin 1920 [Phycolepidoziaceae Schuster 1967] ** Lophoziaceae Cavers 1910 ** Scapaniaceae Migula 1904 [Diplophyllaceae Potemk. 1999; Chaetophyllopsaceae Schuster 1960] * Jungermanniineae Schuster ex Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2000 [Geocalycineae Schuster 1972] ** Acrobolbaceae Hodgson 1962 ** Antheliaceae Sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gametophyte
A gametophyte () is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes. Algae In some multicellular green algae ('' Ulva lactuca'' is one example), red algae and brown algae, sporophytes and gametophytes may be externally indistinguishable (isomorphic). In ''Ulva'', the gametes are isogamous, all of one size, shape and general morphology. Land plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hornworts
Hornworts are a group of Non-vascular plant, non-vascular Embryophytes (land plants) constituting the division Anthocerotophyta (). The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. As in mosses and liverworts, hornworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information; the flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte stage of the plant. Hornworts may be found worldwide, though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid. Some species grow in large numbers as tiny weeds in the soil of gardens and cultivated fields. Large tropical and sub-tropical species of ''Dendroceros'' may be found growing on the bark of trees. The total number of species is still uncertain. While there are more than 300 published species names, the actual number could be as low as 100–150 species. Description Like all bryophytes, the dominant life phase of a hornwort is the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosses
Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta ('' sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Mosses typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple leaves that are generally only one cell thick, attached to a stem that may be branched or unbranched and has only a limited role in conducting water and nutrients. Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants. Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. They are typically tall, though some species are much larger. ''Dawsonia'', the tallest moss in the world, can grow to in height. There ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embryophyte
The embryophytes () are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta (Plantae ''sensu strictissimo'') () or land plants. They are the most familiar group of photoautotrophs that make up the vegetation on Earth's dry lands and wetlands. Embryophytes have a common ancestor with green algae, having emerged within the Phragmoplastophyta clade of freshwater charophyte green algae as a sister taxon of Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae. Embryophytes consist of the bryophytes and the polysporangiophytes. Living embryophytes include hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants). Embryophytes have diplobiontic life cycles. The embryophytes are informally called "land plants" because they thrive primarily in terrestrial habitats (despite some members having evolved secondarily to live once again in semiaquatic/ aquatic habitats), while the related green algae are primarily aquatic. Embryophytes are complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-vascular Plant
Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water. Non-vascular plants include two distantly related groups: * Bryophytes, an informal group that taxonomists treat as three separate land-plant divisions, namely: Bryophyta (mosses), Marchantiophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). In all bryophytes, the primary plants are the haploid gametophytes, with the only diploid portion being the attached sporophyte, consisting of a stalk and sporangium. Because these plants lack lignified water-conducting tissues, they cannot become as tall as most vascular plants. * Algae, especially green algae. The algae consist of several unrelated groups. Only the groups included in the Viridiplantae are still considered relatives of land plants. These groups are sometimes called "lower plants", referring to their status as the earli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Borissovitch Doweld
Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha, Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar, Skander, Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Laurent De Jussieu
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (; 12 April 1748 – 17 September 1836) was a French botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in use today. His classification was based on an extended unpublished work by his uncle, the botanist Bernard de Jussieu. Life Jussieu was born in Lyon, France, in 1748, as one of 10 children, to Christophle de Jussieu, an amateur botanist. His father's three younger brothers were also botanists. He went to Paris in 1765 to be with his uncle Bernard de Jussieu, Bernard and to study medicine, graduating with a doctorate in 1770, with a thesis on animal and vegetable physiology. His uncle introduced him to the Jardin du Roi, where he was appointed as a botany List of academic ranks, Demonstrator and deputy to L. G. Le Monnier, professor of botany there in 1770. Le Monnier had succeeded Antoine-Laurent's uncle Antoine in 1759. Lectures by eminent botanists, including the Jusssieu dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptilidiales
Ptilidiales is an order of liverworts. Taxonomy * Herzogianthaceae Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2009 ** ''Herzogianthus Herzogianthaceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Ptilidiales. The monotypic family consists of only one genus: ''Herzogianthus'' R.M.Schust.. The genus name of ''Herzogianthus'' is in honour of T. K. G. Herzog, Theodor Carl Juli ...'' Schuster 1961 'Anoplostoma'' Hodgson & Allison 1962* Neotrichocoleaceae Inoue 1974 ** '' Neotrichocolea'' Hattori 1947 ** '' Trichocoleopsis'' Okamura 1911 * Ptilidiaceae von Klinggräff 1858 ** '' Ptilidium'' Nees 1833 'Blepharozia'' Dumortier 1835 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17276737 Liverwort orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porellales
Porellales is an order of liverworts. Taxonomy * Jubulineae Müller 1909 ** Frullaniaceae Lorch 1914 *** '' Frullania'' Raddi 1818a [''Amphijubula'' Schuster 1970a; ''Schusterella'' Hattori, Sharp & Mizutani 1972; ''Steerea'' Hattori & Kamimura 1971; ''Mylia'' Leman 1825 non Gray 1821] ** Jubulaceae von Klinggräff 1858 *** ''Jubula (plant), Jubula'' Dumortier 1822 nom. cons. non Bates 1929 [''Salviatus'' Gray 1821] *** ''Neohattoria'' Kamimura 1962 'Hattoria'' Kamimura 1961 non Schuster 1961*** '' Nipponolejeunea'' Hattori 1944d ** Lejeuneaceae Cavers 1910 etzgeriopsaceae*** Lejeuneoideae **** Brachiolejeuneeae ***** Brachiolejeuneinae Gradstein ****** '' Acanthocoleus'' Schuster 1970b ****** '' Blepharolejeunea'' Arnell 1962b ****** '' Brachiolejeunea'' (Spruce 1884) Schiffner 1893b 'Lejeunea (Brachiolejeunea)'' Spruce 1884****** '' Dicranolejeunea'' (Spruce 1884) Schiffner 1893b 'Lejeunea (Dicranolejeunea)'' Spruce 1884; ''Dicrojeunea'' Kuntze 1903****** '' Lindigia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleuroziales
''Pleurozia'' is the only genus of liverworts in the family Pleuroziaceae, which is now classified in its own order Pleuroziales, but was previously included in a broader circumscription of the Jungermanniales. The genus includes twelve species, and as a whole is both physically distinctive and widely distributed. The lower leaf lobes of ''Pleurozia'' species are fused, forming a closed water sac covered by a movable lid similar in structure to those of the angiosperm genus ''Utricularia''. These sacs were assumed to play a role in water storage, but a 2005 study on '' Pleurozia purpurea'' found that the sacs attract and trap ciliates, much in the same way as ''Utricularia''. Observations of plants ''in situ'' also revealed a large number of trapped prey within the sacs, suggesting that the species in this genus obtain some benefit from a carnivorous A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
