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Linear Pottery Culture
The Linear Pottery culture (LBK) is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic period, flourishing . Derived from the German ''Linearbandkeramik'', it is also known as the Linear Band Ware, Linear Ware, Linear Ceramics or Incised Ware culture, falling within the Danubian I culture of V. Gordon Childe. Most cultural evidence has been found on the middle Danube, the upper and middle Elbe, and the upper and middle Rhine. It represents a major event in the initial spread of agriculture in Europe. The pottery consists of simple cups, bowls, vases, jugs without handles and, in a later phase, with pierced lugs, bases, and necks.Hibben, page 121. Important sites include Vráble and Nitra in Slovakia; Bylany in the Czech Republic; Langweiler and Zwenkau (Eythra) in Germany; Brunn am Gebirge in Austria; Elsloo, Sittard, Köln-Lindenthal, Aldenhoven, Flomborn, and Rixheim on the Rhine; Lautereck and Hienheim on the upper Danube; and Rössen and Sond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Europe (archaeology)
Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian-American archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilisation in Southeast Europe, centred in the Lower Danube Valley. Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube civilisation. The term Danubian culture was earlier coined by the archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe to describe early farming cultures (e.g. the Linear Pottery culture) which spread westwards and northwards from the Danube Valley into Central and Eastern Europe. Old Europe Neolithic Europe refers to the time between the Mesolithic and Bronze Age periods in Europe, roughly from 7000 BC (the approximate time of the first metal processing societies in Bosnia and Serbia, and first farming societies in Greece), to c. 2000 BC (the beginning of the Bronze Age in Scandinavia). Its peak period is estimated as 5000–3500 BC, during which its populati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tisza Culture
The Tisza culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of the Alföld plain in modern-day Hungary, Western Romania, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian Zakarpattia Oblast in Central Europe. The culture is dated to between 5400 BCE and 4500/4400 BCE. Settlement and chronology The Tisza culture emerged on the Alföld plain around 5400 BCE and endured until about 4500/4400 BCE. Its hallmark settlement type was the tell, a permanent mound formed by centuries of occupation; at Hódmezővásárhely–Gorzsa alone, tells measuring some 3–3.5 ha rose up to 3 m above the floodplain, housing early Tisza (Tisza I) through Late Tisza phases (Tisza IV). A suite of conventional and Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates places Gorzsa's Late Neolithic sequence between 4846 and 4495 cal BC, confirming sustained habitation and complex social organisation that contrasts with shorter‑lived flat settlements elsewhere. Technology and exchange Tisza mate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boian Culture
The Boian culture (dated to 4300–3500 BC), also known as the Giulești–Marița culture or Marița culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe. It is primarily found along the lower course of the Danube in what is now Romania and Bulgaria, and thus may be considered a Danubian culture. Geography The Boian culture originated on the Wallachian Plain north of the Danube River in southeastern Romania. At its peak, the culture expanded to include settlements in the Bărăgan Plain and the Danube Delta in Romania, Dobruja in eastern Romania and northeastern Bulgaria, and the Danubian Plain and the Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria. The culture's geographical extent went as far west as the Jiu River on the border of Transylvania in south-central Romania, as far north as the Chilia branch of the Danube Delta along the Romanian border with Ukraine and the coast of the Black Sea, and as far south as the Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea in Greece. The type sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerny Culture
The Cerny culture (, ) is an archaeological culture of Prehistory of France#The Neolithic, Neolithic France dating to the second half of the 5th millennium BC. It is particularly prevalent in the Seine, Paris Basin. It is characterized by monumental earth mounds known as unchambered long barrow, long barrows of the ''Passy'' type. The term is derived from the "Parc aux Bœufs" in Cerny in the department of Essonne, who authorized the name. Important sites *Parc aux Bœufs, Cerny, Essonne, Cerny, Essonne *''L'Étoile'' Neolithic Camp, L'Étoile, Somme, particularly highlighted by Roger Agache in ''Aerial archaeology'', 1971 *Maran Neolithic Camp, Châtenay-sur-Seine, Seine-et-Marne *Haut-des-Nachères Neolithic Camp, Noyen-sur-Seine, Seine-et-Marne *Le Gours aux Lions, Marolles-sur-Seine, Seine-et-Marne *Réaudins Enclosure and Balloy Necropolis, Seine-et-Marne, at the confluence of the River Yonne and River Seine. *Barbuise-Courtavant Camp, Barbuise, Aube *La Sabliere Necrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinkelstein Culture
The Hinkelstein culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture situated in Rhine-Main and Rhenish Hesse, Germany. It is a Megalithic culture, part of the wider Linear Pottery horizon, dating to approximately the 50th to 49th century BC. The culture's name is due to a suggestion of Karl Koehl of Worms (1900). ''Hinkelstein'' is the term for menhir in the local Hessian dialect Hessian () is a West Central German group of dialects of the German language in the central German state of Hesse. The dialect most similar to Hessian is Palatinate German () of the Rhine Franconian sub-family. However, the Hessian dialects hav ..., after a menhir discovered in 1866 in Monsheim. ''Hinkel'' is a Hessian term for "chicken"; the Standard German name for menhirs, ''Hünenstein'' "giants' stone", having sometimes been jokingly mutated into ''Hühnerstein'' "chicken-stone". References *Jean-Paul Farrugia: ''Hinkelstein, explication d'une seriation'' (Coll Interreg. Neol. 1997), S. 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funnelbeaker Culture
The Funnel(-neck-)beaker culture, in short TRB or TBK (, ; ; ), was an archaeological culture in north-central Europe. It developed as a technological merger of local neolithic and mesolithic techno-complexes between the lower Elbe and middle Vistula rivers. These predecessors were the (Danubian culture, Danubian) Lengyel culture, Lengyel-influenced Stroke-ornamented ware culture (STK) groups/Late Lengyel and Baden culture, Baden-Boleráz in the southeast, Rössen culture, Rössen groups in the southwest and the Ertebølle culture, Ertebølle-Ellerbek groups in the north. The TRB introduced farming and husbandry as major food sources to the pottery-using hunter-gatherers north of this line. The TRB techno-complex is divided into a northern group including Northern Germany and southern Scandinavia (TRB-N, roughly the area that previously belonged to the Ertebølle-Ellerbek complex), a western group in the Megaliths in the Netherlands, Netherlands between the Zuiderzee and lower E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michelsberg Culture
The Michelsberg culture () is an important Neolithic Europe, Neolithic Archaeological culture, culture in Central Europe. Its dates are c. 4400–3500 BC. Its conventional name is derived from that of an important Excavation (archaeology), excavated site on Michaelsberg (Untergrombach), Michelsberg (short for Michaelsberg) hill near Untergrombach, between Karlsruhe and Heidelberg (Baden-Württemberg), Germany. The Michelsberg culture belongs to the Central European Late Neolithic. Its distribution covered much of West Central Europe, along both sides of the Rhine, starting the European tradition of timber framing. A detailed chronology, based on ceramic, pottery, was produced in the 1960s by the German archaeologist Jens Lüning. History The Michelsberg culture emerges in northeastern France c. 4400 BC. Genetic evidence suggests that it originated through a migration of peoples from the Paris Basin. Its people appear to trace their origins to Mediterranean farmers expanding from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lengyel Culture
__NOTOC__ The Lengyel culture is an archaeological culture of the European Neolithic, centered on the Middle Danube in Central Europe. It flourished from 5000 to 4000 BC, ending with phase IV, e.g., in Bohemia represented by the ' Jordanow/Jordansmühler culture'. It is followed by the Funnelbeaker culture/TrB culture and the Baden culture. The eponymous type site is at Lengyel in Tolna county, Hungary. It was preceded by the Linear Pottery culture and succeeded by the Corded Ware culture. In its northern extent, overlapped the somewhat later but otherwise approximately contemporaneous Funnelbeaker culture. Also closely related are the Stroke-ornamented ware and Rössen cultures, adjacent to the north and west, respectively. Subgroups of the Lengyel horizon include the Austrian/Moravian Painted Ware I and II, Aichbühl, Jordanów/Jordanov/Jordansmühl, Schussenried, Gatersleben, etc. It is a wide interaction sphere or cultural horizon rather than an archaeological culture i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rössen Culture
The Rössen culture or Roessen culture () is a Central European Archaeological culture, culture of the Neolithic Europe, middle Neolithic (4,600–4,300 BC). It is named after the necropolis of Rössen (part of Leuna, in the Saalekreis district, Saxony-Anhalt). The Rössen culture has been identified in 11 of the 16 states of Germany (it is only absent from the Northern part of the North German Plain), but also in the southeast Low Countries, northeast France, northern Switzerland and a small part of Austria. The Rössen culture is important as it marks the transition from a broad and widely distributed tradition going back to Central Europe's earliest Neolithic LBK towards the more diversified Middle and Late Neolithic situation characterised by the appearance of complexes like Michelsberg culture, Michelsberg and Funnelbeaker culture, Funnel Beaker Culture. Pottery Rössen pottery, vessels are characteristically decorated with double incisions ("goat's foot incision" or Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
