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Law Enforcement In France
Law enforcement in France is centralized at the national level. Recently, legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the ''Municipal Police (France), police municipale''. There are two national police forces called "''National Police (France), Police nationale'' and "''National Gendarmerie, Gendarmerie nationale''. The Prefecture of Police of Paris provides policing services directly to Paris as a subdivision of France's Minister of the Interior (France), Ministry of the Interior. Within these national forces, only certain designated police officers have the power to conduct criminal investigations which are supervised by Inquisitorial system, investigative magistrates. History Law enforcement has a long history dating back to AD 570 when watchman (law enforcement), night watch systems were commonplace.Dammer, H. R. and Albanese, J. S. (2014). ''Comparative Criminal Justice Systems'' (5th ed.). Wadesworth Cengage learning: Bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Gendarmerie
The National Gendarmerie ( ) is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, with additional duties from the Ministry of Armed Forces. Its responsibilities include policing smaller towns, suburbs and rural areas, crowd and riot control, and criminal investigation, including cybercrime. By contrast, the National Police is a civilian law enforcement agency that is in charge of policing cities and larger towns. Because of its military status, the Gendarmerie also fulfills a range of military and defence missions. The Gendarmerie has a strength of around 102,269 people (as of 2018). The Gendarmerie is the heir of the , the oldest police force in France, dating back to the Middle Ages. The Gendarmerie has influenced the culture and traditions of gendarmerie forces around the world, especially in independent countries from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate-general Of Public Finances
Within the European Union (EU), Directorates-General are departments with specific zones of responsibility. Within the European Commission specifically, Directorates-General are the equivalent of national-level ministries. Most are headed by a European commissioner, responsible for the general direction of the Directorate-General, and in charge of (politically responsible for) the corresponding policy area; and a director-general, responsible for the management of day-to-day affairs, who reports to the European Commissioner. Nearly all of the top-level organisational divisions of the Secretariat of the European Parliament and the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union are also termed Directorates-General. The European Patent Office (part of the European Patent Organisation, separate from the EU) also has Directorates-General, which are administrative groupings of departments. Directorates-General of the European Commission The Directorates-General of the Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Tax Officer
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases. Meaning The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets, defends, and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary can also be thought of as the mechanism for the resolution of disputes. Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the judiciary generally does not make statutory law (which is the responsibility of the legislature) or enforce law (which is the responsibility of the executive), but rather interprets, defends, and applies the law to the facts of each case. However, in some countries the judiciary does make common law. In many jurisdictions the judicial branch has the power to change laws through the process of judicial review. Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws and rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of The Economy, Finance And Industry (France)
The Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty (, pronounced ), informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the Government of France. Its minister is one of the most prominent cabinet members after the prime minister. The name of the ministry has changed over time; it has included the terms "economics", "industry", "finance" and "employment" throughout its history. Responsibilities The Minister of Economics and Finance oversees: * the drafting of laws on taxation by exercising direct authority over the Tax Policy Board (''Direction de la législation fiscale'') of the General Directorate of Public Finances (''Direction générale des Finances publiques''), formerly the Department of Revenue (''Direction générale des impôts''); * national funds and financial and economic system, especially with the Office of the Treasurer and Receiver General ('' Direction générale du Trésor or French Treasury''), not to be confused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate-General Of Customs And Indirect Taxes
The Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (), commonly known as ''les douanes'' (Customs), is the customs service of the French Republic. It is responsible for levying indirect taxes, preventing smuggling, surveilling borders and investigating counterfeit money. The agency acts as a coast guard, border guard, sea rescue organisation, and customs service. In addition, since 1995, the agency has replaced the Border Police units of the National Police in carrying out immigration control at smaller border checkpoints, in particular at maritime borders and regional airports. The Directorate-general is controlled by the Minister for the Budget, Public Accounts and the Civil Service () at the Ministry of the Economy, Industry and Employment. It is normally known simply as "''la douane''", individual officers being referred to as "''douaniers''". Officers are routinely armed. History The first French customs service was called the ferme générale ("General Farm") and op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direction De La Surveillance Du Territoire
The Direction de la surveillance du territoire (, , abbr. DST) was a directorate of the French National Police operating as a domestic intelligence agency. It was responsible for counterespionage, counterterrorism and more generally the security of France against foreign threats and interference. It was created in 1944 with its headquarters situated at 7 rue Nélaton in Paris. On 1 July 2008, it was merged with the '' Direction centrale des renseignements généraux'' into the new '' Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur''. The DST Economic Security and Protection of National Assets department had units in the 22 regions of France to protect French technology. It operated for 20 years, not only on behalf of defense industry leaders, but also for pharmaceuticals, telecoms, the automobile industry, and all manufacturing and service sectors. History The Surveillance du Territoire (ST) was a counterintelligence and counter terrorism police service which was created in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direction Centrale Des Renseignements Généraux
Direction may refer to: *Body relative direction, for instance left, right, forward, backwards, up, and down ** Anatomical terms of location for those used in anatomy ** List of ship directions *Cardinal direction *Bearing (navigation) Mathematics and science * Direction vector, a unit vector that defines a direction in multidimensional space * Direction of a subspace of a Euclidean or affine space * Directed set, in order theory * Directed graph, in graph theory * Directionality (molecular biology), the orientation of a nucleic acid Music * For the guidance and cueing of a group of musicians during performance, see conducting * ''Direction'' (album) a 2007 album by The Starting Line * Direction Records, a label began by Bobby Darin. * Direction (record label), a record label in the UK in the late 1960s, a subsidiary of CBS Records, specialising in soul music * '' Directions: The Plans Video Album'', a DVD video album made of videos inspired by songs from indie rock/pop ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Directorate For Internal Security
The General Directorate for Internal Security (, , DGSI; also known as the Directorate-General for Internal Security in English) is a French security agency. It is charged with counter-espionage, counter-terrorism, countering cybercrime and surveillance of potentially threatening groups, organisations and social phenomena. The agency was created in 2008 under the name Central Directorate of Interior Intelligence (, DCRI), merging the '' Direction centrale des renseignements généraux'' (RG) and the '' Direction de la surveillance du territoire'' (DST) of the National Police. It acquired its current name in 2014, with a small structural shift: contrary to the DCRI which was part of the National Police, the DGSI reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior. The DGSI is headed by General Director . The agency is informally known as the "RG", a nickname formerly used for the '''' which merged into it. The DGSI performs among the others the following tasks: prevents and halts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
