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LIVRE Politicians
Livre may refer to: Currency * French livre, one of a number of obsolete units of currency of France * Livre tournois, one particular obsolete unit of currency of France * Livre parisis, another particular obsolete unit of currency of France * French colonial livre, an obsolete unit of currency used in some French colonies * Haitian livre, an obsolete currency of Haiti * Luxembourg livre, an obsolete currency of Luxembourg * New France livre, an obsolete currency of New France * Saint Lucia livre, an obsolete currency of Saint Lucia * Jersey livre, an obsolete currency of the island of Jersey * Guadeloupe livre, an obsolete currency of Guadeloupe * Lebanese pound (), the currency of Lebanon * Syrian pound, the currency of Syria, formerly with the French name Other uses * LIVRE, a Portuguese politically green and liberal socialist political party * One of a number of units of mass; see: pound (mass) * One of a number of units of currency; see: pound (currency) * A rating of the Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Livre
The livre (abbreviation: Pound sign, £ or Livre tournois, ₶., French language, French for (pound)) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor states of Francia and West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account. History Origin and etymology The livre was established by Charlemagne as a unit of account equal to one Pound (mass), pound of silver. It was subdivided into 20 ''French sol, sous'' (also ''sols''), each sou equalling 12 ''French denier, deniers''. The word ''livre'' came from the Latin word ''Ancient Roman units of measurement#Weight, libra'', a Roman unit of weight and still the name of a Pound (mass), pound in modern French, and the denier comes from the Roman denarius. This system and the denier itself served as the model for many of Europe's currencies, including the British pound, Italian lira, Spanish dinero and the Portuguese dinheiro. This first l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guadeloupe Livre
The livre was the currency of Guadeloupe until 1816. It was subdivided into 20 ''sous'', each of 12 ''deniers'', with the ''escalin'' worth 15 sous. The Guadeloupe livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use, in part, of Spanish coins. History Initially, the French livre circulated. This was supplemented by overstamped and cut coins in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, especially between 1811 and 1816 when Guadeloupe was occupied by Britain. The French franc replaced the livre after French control was re-established, with the Guadeloupe franc issued from 1848. Coins In 1793, French 12 deniers coins were overstamped with the letters "RF" and circulated for 3 sous 9 deniers ( escalin). In 1802, 1 and 4 escalins coins were produced by cutting Spanish dollars into a central, octagonal part for the 4 escalins coins and eight outer sections for the 1 escalin coins. Both were stamped with "RF" and the 4 escalins were also stamped "4E". In 1811, a number of diffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Advisory Rating System
The Brazilian Advisory Rating (, abbreviated ClassInd) is a content rating system in Brazil for the classification of movies, games and television programs. The ClassInd rating system is controlled by the Advisory Rating Coordination (''Coordenação de Classificação Indicativa'') of the Department of Justice Policies (''Departamento de Políticas de Justiça''). It is established on the National Secretariat of Justice (''Secretaria Nacional de Justiça'') of the Ministry of Justice. Staff The staff consists of about 10 people, including raters and the administrative staff, having passed public service exams, with various academic backgrounds. These content rating analysts undergo continuous training, and never affix a rating individually. All works are watched by at least two analysts separately and if there is no consensus, the analysis group is broadened. Analyses and criteria The criteria that guide the public policy of the content rating are supported under 3 broad themes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (currency)
Pound is a name of various units of currency. It is used in some countries today and previously was used in many others. The English word "pound" derives from the Latin language, Latin expression , "a pound by weight", in which means 'scale' or 'balance' and means 'pound' or 'weight'. The currency's Pound sign, symbol is £, a stylised form of the blackletter 'L' (\mathfrak) (from ), crossed to indicate abbreviation. Pound sterling#History (600 to 1945), The term was adopted in England from the weight of silver used to make 240 pennies, and eventually spread to British colonies all over the world. Although silver penny mintage began seven centuries earlier, the first pound coin was minted under Henry VII of England, Henry VII in 1489. Countries and territories currently using currency units named "pound" Historical currencies * Australian pound (until 1966, replaced by the Australian dollar). The Australian pound was also used in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Nauru, New H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol (when there might otherwise be a risk of confusion with the pound-force) is lbm (for most pound definitions), # ( chiefly in the U.S.), and or ̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman (hence the symbol ''lb'', descended from the scribal abbreviation, '). The English word ''pound'' comes from the Roman ('the weight measured in '), and is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . These units are now designated as historical and are no longer in common usage, being replaced by the metric system. Usage of the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LIVRE
Livre may refer to: Currency * French livre, one of a number of obsolete units of currency of France * Livre tournois, one particular obsolete unit of currency of France * Livre parisis, another particular obsolete unit of currency of France * French colonial livre, an obsolete unit of currency used in some French colonies * Haitian livre, an obsolete currency of Haiti * Luxembourg livre, an obsolete currency of Luxembourg * New France livre, an obsolete currency of New France * Saint Lucia livre, an obsolete currency of Saint Lucia * Jersey livre, an obsolete currency of the island of Jersey * Guadeloupe livre, an obsolete currency of Guadeloupe * Lebanese pound (), the currency of Lebanon * Syrian pound, the currency of Syria, formerly with the French name Other uses * LIVRE, a Portuguese politically green and liberal socialist political party * One of a number of units of mass; see: pound (mass) * One of a number of units of currency; see: pound (currency) * A rating of the Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Pound
The Syrian pound or lira (; abbreviation: LS or SP in Latin alphabet, Latin, ل.س in Arabic script, Arabic, historically also Pound sign, £S, and £Syr; ISO 4217, ISO code: SYP) is the currency of Syria. It is issued by the Central Bank of Syria. The pound is nominally divided into 100 piastres ( ''qirsh,'' plural قروش ''qurūsh'' in Arabic language, Arabic, abbreviated to ), although piastre coins are no longer issued. Before 1947, the Arabic inscription of the word "qirsh" was spelled with the initial Arabic letter غ, after which the word began with ق. Until 1958, banknotes were issued with Arabic on the obverse and French on the reverse. Since 1958, English has been used on the reverses, hence the three different names for this currency. Coins used both Arabic and French until independence, then only Arabic. History French mandate During the period when Syria was a part of the Ottoman Empire, which lasted about 400 years, the Ottoman lira, Ottoman pound was i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Pound
The lira or pound is the currency of Lebanon. It was formerly divided into 100 piastres (or ''qirsh'' in Arabic) but, because of high inflation during the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), subunits were discontinued. The plural of lira is either ''lirat'' ( ) or invariant, whilst there are four forms for ''qirsh'': the dual ''qirshān'' () used with number 2, the plural ''qurush'' () used with numbers 3–10, the accusative singular ''qirshan'' (قرشًا) used with 11–99, and the genitive singular ''qirsh'' (قرش) used with multiples of 100. The number determines which plural form is used. All of Lebanon's coins and banknotes are bilingual in Arabic and French. From December 1997 through January 2023, the exchange rate was fixed at LL 1,507.50 per US dollar. However, since the 2020 economic crisis in Lebanon, exchange at this rate was generally unavailable, and an informal currency market developed with much higher exchange rates. On 1 February 2023, the Centr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jersey Livre
The livre was currency of Jersey until 1834. It consisted entirely of French coins. Until the 1720s, the currency used was the French livre, subdivided into 20 ''Sou (coin), sous'', each of 12 ''French denier, deniers''. The commonest coin in circulation was the ''liard (coin), liard'' (3 deniers or ¼ of a sou). However, the copper coinage had devalued against silver and by the 1720s liards were being exchanged in St Malo at a rate of 6 to the sou. The consequent cross-border financial speculation caused by the discrepancy in coinage values was threatening economic stability. The States of Jersey therefore resolved to Devaluation, devalue the liard to 6 to the sou. The legislation to that effect implemented in 1729 caused popular riots that shook the establishment. The devaluation was therefore cancelled and the liard remained officially at 4 to the sou until 1834 (and ''liard'' remains the Jèrriais word for a Farthing (British coin), farthing). The Code des Lois of 1771 codifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livre Tournois
The (; ; abbreviation: ₶ or £) was one of numerous currencies used in France in the Middle Ages, medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in early modern France. The 1262 monetary reform established the as 20 , or 80.88 grams of Fineness, fine silver. The was a gold coin of one minted in large numbers from 1360. In 1549, the was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the . In 1720, the was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver. It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly. Circulating currency In France, the was worth 240 French denier, deniers (the "Tours penny"). These deniers were first minted by the Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours, abbey of Saint Martin, in the Provinces of France, province of Touraine. Soon after Philip II of France seized the counties of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Lucia Livre
The livre was the currency of Saint Lucia until 1814. The Saint Lucia livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of various cut Spanish and Spanish colonial coins. The livre was subdivided into 20 ''sous'', each of 12 '' deniers''. The ''escalin'' was worth 15 sous, with the ''stampee'' worth 3 sous, 9 denier ( escalin). Until 1813, 12 escalins were equal to 8 reales (the Spanish dollar), after which 15 escalins equaled 8 reales. In 1851, sterling was introduced for circulation. Since the late 19th century, dollars have circulated on Saint Lucia, first the Saint Lucia dollar, then the British West Indies dollar, and currently the East Caribbean dollar The Eastern Caribbean dollar (currency symbol, symbol: EC$; ISO 4217, code: XCD) is the currency of all seven full members and one associate member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The successor to the British West Indies d .... Coins In 1798, coins were issued for 2, 3, 4, and 6 escali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New France Livre
The was the currency of New France, the French colony in modern-day Canada. It was subdivided into 20 , each of 12 . The New France was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of paper money. History After an initial period during which barter prevailed, the French livre, French began to circulate. In order to encourage coins into the colony, those circulating in New France were valued at a premium, creating a (French in Modern French) worth less than the French currency (, in Modern French). The premium was set at one-eighth in 1664, raised to one-third in 1680. The New France currency was distinguished by the extensive use of paper money. However, early issues did not maintain their value. In 1717, the premium for coins was abolished, the card money was redeemed at h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
