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Kisaeng
''Kisaeng'' (), also called ''ginyeo'' (), were enslaved women from outcast or enslaved families who were trained to be courtesans, providing artistic entertainment and conversation to men of upper class. First emerging in Goryeo dynasty. were officially sanctioned by the state and employed in various public functions. While many worked in royal courts, others were stationed throughout the provinces. Trained in music, dance, poetry, and prose, kisaeng were often highly educated and skilled in the fine arts. Despite their low social status, they were respected as cultured artists. In addition to entertainment, some were assigned duties in medicine and needlework. hold an important place in the traditional cultural memory of the Joseon dynasty. Although most individual have faded from history, a few are remembered for their talents, intelligence, or loyalty. The most renowned among them is Hwang Jini, a celebrated 16th-century ''kisaeng'' known for her poetry and wit. Soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hwang Jini
Hwang Jini or Hwang Jin-yi (; 1506–1567), also known by her '' kisaeng'' name Myeongwol ("bright moon", ), was one of the most famous '' kisaeng'' of the Joseon period. She lived during the reign of King Jungjong. She was noted for her exceptional beauty, charming quick wit, extraordinary intellect, and her assertive and independent nature. She has become an almost myth-like figure in modern Korea, inspiring novels, operas, films, and television series. A crater on Venus, Hwangcini, is named after her. Biography Hwang was born around 1506 to a politician's son, Hwang Jin-sa (), and a woman named Jin Hyeon-geum () who was either a '' kisaeng'' or of '' Cheonmin'' status. The story goes that her parents met while her mother was doing laundry, but the two could not get married and she became the youngest illegitimate daughter of Hwang. Her father was from a noble family in Kaeseong. Legend has it that she was born as the daughter of a blind commoner. It is said that even at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sijo
''Sijo'' (, ) is a Korean traditional poetic form that emerged during the Goryeo dynasty, flourished during the Joseon dynasty, and is still written today. Bucolic, metaphysical, and cosmological themes are often explored. The three lines average 14–16 syllables, for a total of 42–48: theme (3, 4,4,4); elaboration (3,4,4,4); counter-theme (3,5) and completion (4,3). ''Sijo'' may be narrative or thematic and introduces a situation in line 1, development in line 2, and twist and conclusion in line 3. The first half of the final line employs a "twist": a surprise of meaning, sound, or other device. ''Sijo'' is often more lyrical and personal than other East Asian poetic forms, and the final line can take a profound turn. Yet, "The conclusion of ''sijo'' is seldom epigrammatic or witty; a witty close to a sentence would have been foreign to the genius of stylized Korean diction in the great ''sijo'' periods."My close friends I count would be water and stone, pine tree, bamboo. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society In The Joseon Dynasty
Society in the Joseon dynasty was built upon Neo-Confucianism, Neo-Confucianist ideals, namely the three fundamental principles and five moral disciplines. There were four classes: the yangban nobility, the "middle class" jungin, sangmin, or the commoners, and the cheonmin, the outcasts at the very bottom. Society was ruled by the yangban, who constituted 10% of the population and had several privileges. Slaves were of the lowest standing. During this period, the Bon-gwan, clan structure became stricter and bloodline was of utmost importance. Family life was regulated by law, strictly enforcing Confucian rituals. Compared to Goryeo practices before, marriage rituals were restructured and aggravated. Noblemen could have only one wife and several Concubinage, concubines but their children born from commoner or slave concubines were considered illegitimate and denied any yangban rights. The roles and rights of women were reduced compared to previous eras in Korean history. Yangban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nongae
Nongae or Ju Nongae (; 1574–1593) was a gisaeng of Jinju during the Joseon period of Korea. A popular legend tells the story of her Suicide attack, sacrificial assassination of the Japanese general Kida Magobee, Keyamura Rokusuke. Biography Nongae was born in Jeolla Province during the late 16th century Joseon Dynasty. She was born into the Sinan Joo clan, Sinan Ju clan. Her father was Ju Dal-mun (), who was a Jinsa scholar, and her mother, of whom we only know her family name, Park, was from the Miryang Park clan. Nongae was a late-born child to the couple, whose son, Ju Dae-ryong (), died at the age of 15 from a disease. In 1578, her father died at the age of 40 and she was entrusted to the care of her uncle Ju Dal-mu () who lived in a house in Anui-hyeon in Gyeongsang Province (present day Hamyang County, South Gyeongsang Province). Nongae's uncle attempted to have her married to a man named Kim Bu-ho () in exchange for 50 sacks of rice. When Lady Park heard and lear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyobang
The ''gyobang'' () were the principal buildings associated with kisaeng during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. They provided instruction in music including Hyangak (lit. "village music) and dance, and by the late Joseon dynasty they were also the administrative center of kisaeng society. ''Gyobang'' first appear in historical records in the early 11th century, in the reign of King Hyeonjong. However, since that record describes the king releasing 1,000 kisaeng from the ''gyobang'', it is likely that they date to the 10th century and the formation of the kisaeng class. When Korea came under Japanese rule in the early 20th century, the ''gyobang'' were replaced by ''gwonbeon''. No ''gyobang'' survive today, although a handful of pictorial depictions do. See also *History of Korea The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000), ''J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courtesan
A courtesan is a prostitute with a courtly, wealthy, or upper-class clientele. Historically, the term referred to a courtier, a person who attended the court of a monarch or other powerful person. History In European feudal society, the court was the centre of government as well as the residence of the monarch, and social and political life were often completely mixed together. Prior to the Renaissance, courtesans served to convey information to visiting dignitaries, when servants could not be trusted. In Renaissance Europe, courtiers played an extremely important role in upper-class society. As it was customary during this time for royal couples to lead separate lives—commonly marrying simply to preserve bloodlines and to secure political alliances—men and women would often seek gratification and companionship from people living at court. In fact, the verb 'to court' originally meant "to be or reside at court", and later came to mean "to behave as a courtier" and then ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwonbeon
''Gwonbeon'' () were institutions set up for the training and oversight of '' kisaeng'' and other entertainers in the early 20th century. They were the successors of the '' gyobang'', government-supported institutions which had provided such education and oversight in the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties. See also * Education in Korea (other) *Gisaeng ''Kisaeng'' (), also called ''ginyeo'' (), were enslaved women from outcast or enslaved families who were trained to be courtesans, providing artistic entertainment and conversation to men of upper class. First emerging in Goryeo dynasty. were ... External linksProfile of dancer Yi Mae-bang, who attended a gwonbeon in the 1930s{Dead link, date=December 2022 , bot=InternetArchiveBot , fix-attempted=yes Organizations based in Korea under Japanese rule Education in Korea Kisaeng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinju
Jinju (; ) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It was the location of the first (1592) and second (1593) Sieges of Jinju by Japanese forces during the Imjin War. The Republic of Korea Air Force Education and Training Command is located in the eastern part of the city. There are cultural-historical tourist attractions in Jinju such as Jinju Fortress, the Jinju National Museum, and the Nam-gang Prehistoric Site Museum. History Jinju was an ancient city of Goryeonggaya in the Gaya Era. This city was called 'Geoyeolseong' of Baekje during the Three Kingdom Era, and was called 'Geoyeolju', 'Cheongju', and 'Gangju' during the Unified Silla Era. Name of this city was changed into 'Jinju' for the first time in 940, the 23rd year of King Taejo of the Goryeo Dynasty. It became 'Jinju-mok', one of 12 moks (local administrative units in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty) in the 2nd year of King Seongjong (983). The second siege of Jinju during the Japanese invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheonmin
''Cheonmin'' (), or "vulgar commoners", were the lowest caste of commoners in dynastical Korea. They abounded during the Goryeo (918–1392) and Joseon (1392–1897) periods of Korea's agrarian bureaucracy. Social class system In the caste system in Korea, this social class was largely hereditary and based on certain professions considered "unclean" by the upper classes. This list of unclean professions included butchers, shamans, shoemakers, metalworkers, prostitutes, magicians, sorcerers, jail-keepers, and performers (like the '' kisaeng''). '' Nobi'' (slaves) were servants taken from the cheonmin class to serve '' yangban'' (aristocracy) and royalty, but like slaves, they were considered the property of their owners and could be given away to other high-ranking people. '' Kisaeng'', female entertainers for ''yangban'', were in this class, educated but not respected by others in society. The hereditary nature of the caste system bred institutionalized discrimination and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Yalu River, Amnok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally Buddhists faced persecution. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the Korean peninsula and saw the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aengmu
Aengmu was the working name of a famed kisaeng of Daegu in the early 20th century. The name literally means "parrot." She was a leading donor to the National Debt Repayment Movement, a campaign that aimed to keep Korea out of Japanese control by reducing Korea's debt to Japan. Donating 100 won to the cause in 1907, she explained that it was inappropriate for her to donate more than a man; but if a man donated more, she would also donate more, even unto death. Her real name is not known; neither are her dates of birth and death. Notes * Daegu-Gyeongbuk Historical Research Society, p. 219. See also * Korean independence movements *History of Korea The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000), ''Journal of Human Evolution'', 38: 803–825. The earl ... References * Kisaeng Korean philanthropists People from Daegu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Independence Movement
The Korean independence movement was a series of diplomatic and militant efforts to liberate Korea from Japanese rule. The movement began around the late 19th or early 20th century, and ended with the surrender of Japan in 1945. As independence activism on the peninsula was largely suppressed by Japan, many significant efforts were conducted abroad by the Korean diaspora, as well as by a number of sympathetic non-Koreans. In the mid-19th century, Japan and China were forced out of their policies of isolationism by the West. Japan then proceeded to rapidly modernize, forcefully open Korea, and establish its own hegemony over the peninsula. Eventually, it formally annexed Korea in 1910. The 1919 March First Movement protests are widely seen as a significant catalyst for the international independence movement, although domestically the protests were violently suppressed. In the aftermath of the protests, thousands of Korean independence activists fled abroad, mostly to China. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
