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Kastner Train
The Kastner train is the name usually given to a rescue operation which saved the lives of over 1,600 Jews from Hungary during World War II. It consisted of 35 cattle wagons that left Budapest on 30 June 1944, during the German occupation of Hungary, ultimately arriving safely in Switzerland after a large ransom was paid to the Nazis.For 30 June, see Bauer (1994), p. 199; for the date and time (30 June, towards 11 pm), see Löb (2009), pp. 50, 97; for 35 cattle trucks, see p. 97. Porter (2007), p. 234, writes that the train left Budapest at half an hour after midnight on Saturday, 1 July. The number of passengers most often cited is 1,684. This was the number registered when the train arrived at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. The number on board when the train left Budapest is not known, because people jumped on and off while the train was in motion. The train was named after Rudolf Kastner, a Hungarian-Jewish lawyer and journalist, who was a founding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kastner Train Passengers From Bergen-Belsen To Switzerland, 1944
Kastner is a German language surname, originating from the medieval occupation Kastner ("bursary officer"). Notable people with the surname include: * Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), German actor * Daniel Kastner (born 1981), Austrian footballer *Daniel L. Kastner (fl. 2020), American researcher and physician * Elliott Kastner (1930–2010), American film producer * Hermann Kastner (1886–1957), German politician * Jean-Georges Kastner (1810–1867), French composer and musicologist * John Kastner (born 1969), Canadian musician and composer * Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783–1857), chemist, natural scientist * Kas Kastner, racing driver, racing car builder, racing team manager * Marc A. Kastner (born 1945), American physicist * Peter Kastner (1943 – 2008), Canadian born actor * Rudolf Kastner (1906–1957), Jewish-Hungarian lawyer, head of the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee during the Holocaust ** Kastner train, after Rudolf Kastner * Sabine Kastner (* ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léopold Szondi
Léopold Szondi ( ; March 11, 1893 – January 24, 1986) was a Hungarian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, psychopathologist and Professor of psychology. Founder of the concept of fate analysis. He is known for the now-discredited psychological tool that bears his name, the Szondi test. Biography Szondi was born in city of Nyitra (in present-day Slovakia) and raised in a German and Slovak-speaking Jews, Jewish family. The original name of the family was Sonnenschein. He was born as the twelfth child in his father's second marriage. The family moved to Budapest in 1898. His mother, who died very soon, was remembered by the family as an illiterate, unwholesome woman who had to be supervised by the elder siblings during her depressive periods. The father himself had a huge impact on Szondi, influencing his fate-analytical works to a great extent. These are his own words about his father: "My father was a Jewish shoemaker, who spent most of his time studying the Jewish Holy Scriptur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla Zsolt
Béla Zsolt (born as Béla Steiner, 8 January 1895 – 6 February 1949) was a Hungarian radical socialist journalist and politician. He wrote one of the earliest Holocaust memoirs, ''Nine Suitcases'' (''Kilenc koffer'' in Hungarian). Tibor Fischer has called it "Hungary's finest contribution to Holocaust writing", warning that it is "not for the squeamish". It has been translated into English by Ladislaus Löb. Early life Zsolt was born in 1895, in Komárom. Before World War I and whilst still a young man, Zsolt was already considered an outstanding representative of the Hungarian Decadence movement. In the tumultuous years of revolution, 1918 and 1919, he was a vehement advocate for a bourgeois-liberal regime and opponent of the soviet republics and Horthy's emerging Christian-nationalist corporate state. In the intervening years between the wars, Zsolt gains recognition as a playwright, novelist and political journalist. He blamed "folksy populists . . . who decried urban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satmar (Hasidic Dynasty)
Satmar (; ) is a group in Hasidic Judaism founded in 1905 by Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum (1887–1979), in the city of Szatmárnémeti (also called Szatmár in the 1890s), Hungary (now Satu Mare in Romania). The group is a branch of the Sighet Hasidic dynasty. Following World War II, it was re-established in New York and has since grown to become one of the largest Hasidic dynasties in the world, comprising around 26,000 households making up a population of nearly 300 thousand members. Satmar is characterized by extreme conservatism, complete rejection of modern culture, and strong religious anti-Zionism. The community sponsors a comprehensive education and media network in Yiddish, which is also the primary language used by its members. Satmar also sponsors and leads the Central Rabbinical Congress, which serves as an umbrella organization for other highly conservative, anti-Zionist, and mostly Hungarian-descended ultra-Orthodox communities. Following the death of Joel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Teitelbaum
Joel Teitelbaum (, ; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty. The Satmar Rebbe is also known as the Krula Rav. A major figure in the post-war renaissance of Hasidism, he espoused a strictly conservative and isolationist line, rejecting modernity. Teitelbaum was a fierce opponent of Zionism, which he decried as inherently heretical. Biography Early life Teitelbaum was born on January 13, 1887. He was the second son of the Grand Rabbi of Sighet Chananyah Yom Tov Lipa Teitelbaum and his second wife, Chana Ashkenazi. The couple married in 1878, after receiving a special dispensation for him to take a second wife, as his first wife Reitze—daughter of Rebbe Menashe Rubin of Ropshitz—was unable to bear children. Joel was the youngest child; he had four older siblings. The rabbis of the Teitelbaum family were known for their highly conservative stances and their opposition to the Enlightenment, Neolog Judaism, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislaus Löb
Ladislaus Löb (8 May 1933 – 2 October 2021) was a writer, translator, Holocaust survivor, scholar of the literature and drama of the German Enlightenment and professor emeritus of German at the University of Sussex in England. He was the author of ''From Lessing to Hauptmann: Studies in German Drama'' (1974); a monograph, in German, on the nineteenth-century dramatist '' Christian Dietrich Grabbe'' (1996); and ''Dealing with Satan: Rezső Kasztner's Daring Rescue Mission'' (2008), in which he recounts his experiences an 11-year-old boy sent to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and freed as the result of a controversial deal that Rezső Kasztner (aka Rudolf Kastner) brokered with Adolf Eichmann. Early life Löb was born in Cluj (), northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Romania, the only child of Izsó, a businessman, and Jolán (née Rosenberg), who died of tuberculosis in 1942. He was raised in Marghita, a small town of 8,600 residents, 150 km northwest of the city. Kasztne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kastner Train List
Kastner is a German language surname, originating from the medieval occupation Kastner ("bursary officer"). Notable people with the surname include: * Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), German actor * Daniel Kastner (born 1981), Austrian footballer * Daniel L. Kastner (fl. 2020), American researcher and physician * Elliott Kastner (1930–2010), American film producer * Hermann Kastner (1886–1957), German politician * Jean-Georges Kastner (1810–1867), French composer and musicologist * John Kastner (born 1969), Canadian musician and composer * Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783–1857), chemist, natural scientist * Kas Kastner, racing driver, racing car builder, racing team manager * Marc A. Kastner (born 1945), American physicist * Peter Kastner (1943 – 2008), Canadian born actor * Rudolf Kastner (1906–1957), Jewish-Hungarian lawyer, head of the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee during the Holocaust ** Kastner train, after Rudolf Kastner * Sabine Kastn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair (, , 'The Young Guard') is a Labor Zionism, Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary. It was also the name of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party, the group's political party in the Yishuv in Mandatory Palestine. Hashomer Hatzair, along with HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed of Israel, is a member of the International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International. Early formation Hashomer Hatzair came into being as a result of the merger of two groups, ''Hashomer'' ('The Guard'), a Zionist scouting group, and ''Tze'irei Zion, Ze'irei Zion'' ('The Youth of Zion'), which was an ideological circle that studied Zionism, socialism and Jewish history. Hashomer Hatzair is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence. Initially Marxist-Zionist, the movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken as well as Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, Baden- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottó Komoly
Ottó Komoly (also known as Nathan Zeev Kohn) (26 March 1892 – 1 January 1945) was a Hungary, Hungarian Jewish engineer, officer, Zionist, and humanitarian leader in Hungary. He is credited with saving thousands of Jewish children during the German occupation of Budapest in World War II. He was called a pacifier and unifier by nature by Randolph L. Braham, Randolph Braham who did everything possible to put an end to the perennial conflicts within and among the various Zionist groups and organizations.. Early career Educated as an engineer, Komoly was drafted in the Hungarian Army in World War I. He obtained the rank of Lieutenant, was injured in action and subsequently decorated. After the war, his military honors gave him credibility and a high status in Hungarian society, in spite of wide spread antisemitism in the country described in History of the Jews in Hungary. Thus, he was exempted from most of the restrictions that other Jews suffered in the buildup to World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hansi Brand
Hajnalka "Hansi" Brand (née Hartmann; 26 August 1912 – 9 April 2000) was a Hungarian-born Zionist activist who was involved, as a member of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee, in efforts to rescue Jews during the Holocaust. Early life Brand was born in Budapest (then Austria-Hungary) in 1912. She was educated there and joined a Zionist youth movement when she was in high school. Later on, she joined a pioneering village which taught young Jews "agricultural training prior to their immigration to Palestine." In 1935 she married Joel Brand ("a prominent member of the World Union of Mapai") in Budapest in a fictitious marriage to allow them to immigrate to Palestine. Later on the marriage became a "real" one. They established a small glove factory and had two sons, one of whom died young. Rescue operations Between 1938 and 1945, Brand and her husband were deeply involved in efforts to help Jewish refugees who had escaped to Hungary, which did not deport Jews to concentration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Brand
Joel Brand (; 25 April 1906 – 13 July 1964) was a member of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee (''Va'adat ha-Ezra ve-ha-Hatzala be-Budapest'' or ''Va'ada''), an underground Zionist group in Budapest, Hungary, that smuggled Jews out of German-occupied Europe to the relative safety of Hungary, during the Holocaust. When Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, Brand became known for his efforts to save the Jewish community from deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland and the gas chambers there.. In April 1944 Brand was approached by '' SS- Obersturmbannführer'' Adolf Eichmann, head of the German Reich Security Head Office department IV B4 (Jewish affairs), who had arrived in Budapest to organize the deportations. Eichmann proposed that Brand broker a deal between the SS and the United States or Britain, in which the Nazis would exchange one million Jews for 10,000 trucks for the Eastern front and large quantities of tea and other goods. It was th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
