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Jewish Collaboration With Nazi Germany
The Jewish collaboration with Nazis were the activities before and during World War II of Jews working, voluntarily or involuntarily, with the antisemitic, racist, homophobic regime of Nazi Germany, with different motivations. The term and history have remained controversial, regarding the exact nature of collaboration in some cases. History Jewish Support for the Nazi Ascent to Power During the Nazis' ascent to power, some Jewish organizations, such as the Association of German National Jews and The German Vanguard supported Nazism until being outlawed in late 1935. Motivated by anticommunism, conservative nationalism, anti-Zionism, and anti-liberalism, these groups had initially believed that Nazi antisemitism was merely rhetorical hyperbole or a tactic to "stir up the masses".Sarah Ann Gordon, ''Hitler, Germans, and the "Jewish Question"'', p. 47https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206254.pdf Judenrat and Ghetto Police In German-occupied Europe during W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-134-0792-27, Polen, Ghetto Warschau, Ghettopolizei
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back to the y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghettoization
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other areas of the city. Versions of such restricted areas have been found across the world, each with their own names, classifications, and groupings of people. The term was originally used for the Venetian Ghetto in Venice, Italy, as early as 1516, to describe the part of the city where Jewish people were restricted to live and thus segregated from other people. However, other early societies may have formed their own versions of the same structure; words resembling ''ghetto'' in meaning appear in Hebrew, Yiddish, Italian, Germanic, Polish, Corsican, Old French, and -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ..., and Latin. During the Holocaust">Latin">-4; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agent Provocateur
An is a person who actively entices another person to commit a crime that would not otherwise have been committed and then reports the person to the authorities. They may target individuals or groups. In jurisdictions in which conspiracy is a serious crime in itself, it can be sufficient for the to entrap the target into discussing and planning an illegal act. It is not necessary for the illegal act to be carried out or even prepared. Prevention of infiltration by is part of the duty of demonstration marshals, also called stewards, deployed by organizers of large or controversial assemblies.Belyaeva et al. (2007), § 7–8, 156–162Bryan, DominicThe Anthropology of Ritual: Monitoring and Stewarding Demonstrations in Northern Ireland, ''Anthropology in Action'', Volume 13, Numbers 1–2, January 2006, pp. 22–31 (10). History and etymology While the practice was worldwide in antiquity, modern undercover operations were scaled up in France by Eugène François Vidocq in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żagiew
Żagiew ("The Torch", ''Die Fackel''), also known as Żydowska Gwardia Wolności (the "Jewish Freedom Guard"), was a Nazi-collaborationist Jewish agent-provocateur group in German-occupied Poland, founded and sponsored by the Germans and led by Abraham Gancwajch. Operations Many ''Żagiew'' members were related to the collaborationist Jewish organization Group 13, which was also led by Gancwajch. The organization operated primarily within the Warsaw Ghetto. Żagiew was established in late 1940 and existed until the Ghetto's elimination during the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Żagiew had over a thousand Jewish secret agents and some were permitted by their Gestapo handlers to possess firearms. Żagiew's prime goal was to infiltrate the Jewish resistance network and reveal its connections with the Polish underground that aided and hid Jews in the General Government The General Government (, ; ; ), formally the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (), was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotel Polski
Hotel Polski (lit. Polish Hotel), opened in 1808, was a hotel in Śródmieście, Warsaw, Śródmieście, Warsaw, Poland, at 29 Długa street. In 1943, in the mop up operation following the liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto, the hotel was used by Germany, Germans as bait for Jews hiding in Warsaw. There the German agents and their Jewish collaborators pretended Jews could buy foreign passports and other documents, and then as foreign citizens, leave territories occupied by Nazi Germany. Approximately 2,500 Jews fell for this trap, with most subsequently arrested, moved to Nazi concentration camps, and perishing in The Holocaust. This case is known as "Hotel Polski Affair". In 1944 during the Warsaw Uprising the building housed a Polish insurgent stronghold called the "Holy Mother Redoubt", named after a painting located there. The building was heavily damaged during the fighting and re-purposed following the war. In 1965 the building was declared an object of cultural heritage an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betje Wery
Elizabeth Wery (26 August 1920 – 16 October 2006) was a Dutch Nazi collaborator who is best known in the Netherlands for collaborating with the Nazi (SD) to locate as many Dutch Jews as possible and have them delivered to Nazi concentration camps during the occupation. Biography Wery was the eldest daughter of a family of two children. Her mother was Jewish and her father half-Jewish. She attended domestic science school for two years and Mulo for three years. In early 1940 she worked in a Bata shoe store in her hometown of Rotterdam. Wery was initially registered as fully Jewish but successfully challenged this registration. According to her, her Jewish grandmother, born in 1864, was an illegitimate child of a non-Jew. Her lawyer came up with two very old witnesses who claimed that "in 1864 everyone in Gorcum knew that Kaatje was the illegitimate daughter of De Vries". The campaign was successful, as her status was converted to half-Jewish. In January 1941 Wery met Frans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ans Van Dijk
Anna "Ans" van Dijk (24 December 1905 – 14 January 1948) was a Dutch collaborator who betrayed Jews to Nazi Germany during World War II. She is held responsible for the death of at least 84 people. She was the only Dutch woman to be executed for her wartime activities. Biography Born in Amsterdam, Ans van Dijk was the daughter of Jewish parents Aron van Dijk and Kaatje Bin. She married Bram Querido in 1927, and they separated in 1935. After the marriage ended, she began a lesbian relationship with a woman named Miep Stodel, and opened a millinery shop called Maison Evany in Amsterdam. The shop was closed by the Nazis in 1941 as part of their seizure of Jewish property—Jews were forbidden to own businesses or work in retail shops, amongst other occupational restrictions. Stodel fled to Switzerland in 1942. Van Dijk was arrested on Easter Sunday 1943 by the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD; the Nazi intelligence service) detective Peter Schaap of the Office of Jewish Affairs of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stella Goldschlag
Stella Ingrid Goldschlag (10 July 1922 – 26 October 1994), also known by her married names Stella Kübler, Stella Kübler-Isaaksohn and Ingrid Gärtner, was a German Jewish woman who collaborated with the Gestapo during World War II, operating around Berlin exposing and denouncing Berlin's underground Jews, after being tortured in Gestapo custody and falsely being promised the safety of her family. After the war, Goldschlag "converted to Christianity and became an open anti-Semite". The number of people she betrayed or delivered to the Nazis has been estimated at anywhere from 600 to 3,000. Early life Goldschlag was born to and his wife (called Toni/Tony; née Lermer) and raised in Wilmersdorf, Berlin, as the only child in a middle-class, assimilated Jewish family. Her father worked as a conductor, composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Gancwajch
Abraham Gancwajch (1902–1943) was a prominent Nazi collaborator in the Warsaw Ghetto during the World War II occupation of Poland, and a Jewish kingpin of the ghetto underworld. Opinions about his ghetto activities are controversial, though modern research concludes unanimously that he was an informer and collaborator motivated chiefly by personal interest. Biography Gancwajch was born in Częstochowa, Poland.Warsaw Ghetto Database. at ''Warszawa.Getto.pl''; Note 1, 3, 4, 11, 13. Gancwajch brother-in-law was Moshe Merin, see Note 4 an [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Ghetto
The Warsaw Ghetto (, officially , ; ) was the largest of the Nazi ghettos during World War II and the Holocaust. It was established in November 1940 by the Nazi Germany, German authorities within the new General Government territory of Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), occupied Poland. At its height, as many as 460,000 Jews were imprisoned there, in an area of , with an average of 9.2 persons per room, barely subsisting on meager food rations. Jews were deported from the Warsaw Ghetto to Nazi concentration camps and mass-killing centers. In the summer of 1942, at least 254,000 ghetto residents were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp during under the guise of "resettlement in the East" over the course of the summer. The ghetto was demolished by the Germans in May 1943 after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising had temporarily halted the deportations. The total death toll among the prisoners of the ghetto is estimated to be at least 300,000 killed by bullet or gas, combined with 92 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group 13
The Group 13 network (, ) was a Jewish collaborationist organization in the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The rise and fall of the Group was likely a proxy for power struggles between various factions in the German military and bureaucracy, for their own financial benefit. Background The group was founded in December 1940 and led by Abraham Gancwajch, the former head of Hashomer Hatzair in Łódź. ''The Thirteen'' took its informal name from the address of its main office at 13 Leszno Street in Warsaw. Sanctioned by Sicherheitsdienst (SD), and also known as the Jewish Gestapo, the unit reported directly to the local Gestapo office. Organizational structure Group 13 had between 300 and 400 uniformed Jewish officers, distinguished by caps with green bands. Membership in the ''13'' required payment of several thousand zlotys, issued by the German Nazi-controlled bank. Although it was intended to curtail black market activity, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major metropolitan Nazi ghettos created by Germany in the new General Government territory during the Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German occupation of Poland in World War II. It was established for the purpose of exploitation, terror, and persecution of local Polish Jews. The ghetto was later used as a staging area for separating the "able workers" from those to be deported to extermination camps in Operation Reinhard in Kraków, Operation Reinhard. The ghetto was liquidated between June 1942 and March 1943, with most of its inhabitants deported to the Belzec extermination camp as well as to Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, Płaszów slave-labor camp, and Auschwitz concentration camp, rail distance. Background Before the Invasion of Poland, German-Soviet invasion of 1939, Kraków was an influential centre for the Polish Jews who had lived there Timeline of Jewish-Polish history, since the 13th century. Persecution of the Jewish p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
